Why 'Just a Little Bit More' Will Never Be Enough | Morgan Housel

Key Takeaway

The best measure of wealth isn't what you have—it's what you have minus what you want. Morgan Housel explores how managing expectations matters as much as growing income. Stop using money to impress strangers who aren't paying attention anyway. Instead, use it to buy independence: the freedom to wake up each day and do what you want with people who matter most.

Episode Overview

Morgan Housel discusses his book 'The Art of Spending Money,' exploring the psychology behind our financial decisions and the pursuit of contentment over happiness. The conversation examines how people at all income levels struggle with money psychology, from managing expectations to understanding what truly brings satisfaction. Key themes include the paradox of 'never enough,' the overestimation of social status from material possessions, and why independence—not social climbing—should be money's primary purpose.

Full Transcript

Transcript of Why 'Just a Little Bit More' Will Never Be Enough | Morgan Housel from 10% Happier. Auto-generated from episode audio; may contain minor errors.

People always overestimate to a profound degree how much attention and social status you get from your material possessions. They would take someone and give them a hideous sweater and they would send that person into a big crowded bar or party and the person wearing it would be like 80% of people saw me and judge me for my sweater. They would go in and ask the people at the party and the answer was nobody. Nobody's paying attention to you as much as you think you are. And I realized one day that if somebody drove into the hotel in a Ferrari, I would stop and gawk.

But I never stopped and looked at the driver. I couldn't care less about the driver. To the extent that people are looking at them, by and large, what they're doing is they're imagining themselves having that item. They don't really care about you. They bypass you and they go straight to themselves. Morgan Hel, welcome back to the show. Thanks so much for having me, Dan. Looking forward to it. I'm looking forward to it as well. So, the the book is called the new book is called The Art of Spending Money.

Um, and so maybe as an overarching question to start with, um, is is this just a uh a rich person's concern? If I'm if I have, um, financial worries in my life, am I left out of this conversation? this conversation? this conversation? You know, Dan, it's interesting you bring that up because I thought about that when I was writing this book. Was this too focused on one segment of society? I I think the definitely the answer is no. It easily could have been written in that way.

I think it's no for two reasons. Uh one is that no matter what your income level is, people deal with the concepts of uh envy and jealousy and social aspiration. And sometimes at the lower levels of income, those can be some of the highest levels. The other thing is all of those feelings uh in many aspects might even be magnified at the upper income levels. And so several of the examples that I use in the book are the richest people who've ever lived. The Vanderbilts, for example, who, you know, adjusted for inflation, were worth something like half a trillion dollars back in the late 1800s and had all these unbelievable spending uh psychosis problems that they had of of their their level of social aspiration and greed and envy that ordinary people or even lower income people can learn from.

And so I think there are just as many examples in the book of people who did not come from great means that can uh look at people who do have higher higher income higher means and learn from the same kind of common denominators of behavior uh that afflict everybody. There's really nothing in the book that tells you how to spend your money. That might be a disappointment for some people, but I did that specifically for the point that you brought up. Everybody's different. different income levels, different ages, different cultures, different geographies, but the mental way that we think about it, the psychology that we think about envy, greed, jealousy tends to be universal no matter how much money you make.

you make. you make. So is your basic point that um money is kind of neutral. It's a tool on some level and if you have the right psychology, you can use it to to boost your happiness. your happiness. your happiness. That's definitely the preferred way to do it. It is much more common though to not use it as a tool to use it as a yard stick of status to measure yourself against others by which is not always a bad thing. Life is a competition. Signaling is part of that.

But you can easily and is most common to take that to a point that is too far where suddenly you're not using money as a tool to live a better life. You are using it solely as a as a status tool to measure yourself against others by. Part of that I would say is because money is so tangible and easy to count. So for example, if I said which of us, you or I, Dan, is is a better father. There's no way to measure that. There's no father score.

That is apples to apples. It's a very it's a very important topic. I would love to be a good dad and measure my progress, but there's no score. But if I asked which one of you and I earns a higher income, has a higher net worth. We can measure that down to the penny, and it's apples to apples. So I think because of that money becomes this ultimate scorecard of how well you're doing in life in a way that can lead to a lot of profound uh lack of satisfaction and joy and jealousy and envy just because it is so easy to count.

count. count. I just want to be clear that my son who's 11 and loves to bust my balls would sight on scene say you're a better father. Just just so you know. My son who is who is 10 about the son the same age would would would would probably agree that uh that that you would be a better father. I think every good son has that view. They're tired of their dad telling him what to do. Yeah. Or if it's or it's just straight up Edipus complex.

Uh who who knows? Um but yes, I do think it is the job of a son to um to bring their father down a peg. Just on this tip of uh on the subject of of rich people and their psychosis, I this probably came up in the last time we chatted and I know I've I've I've cited this in in many podcast episodes that I think it was a Rockefeller who was asked, you know, how much is enough? And and he said just a little bit more.

Right. That's it. Uh I think that's, you know, it's funny when we hear Rockefeller say that cuz he was the richest man in the world, but it's so true. I've noticed this about myself. I should state from the outset, I've never proclaimed to be a perfect expert at this topic, and I'm trying to impart that wisdom onto the reader. I wrote this book and all of my books as a self-exloration into my own uh problems. And and Dan, to your credit, Dan, I think I think you did the same.

And it it ends with um you know, uh wisdom for the reader that hopefully can help him with, but it's not saying, "I've mastered this. Let me tell you how to do it." It's I struggled with this, let me tell you my journey. And so I, you know, I I I I bring that up because I've noticed this in myself. I write about the concept of enough and and and contentment and whatnot. I would never say that I'm a master about that. And if you asked me today, if I was honest, if you gave me truth serum right now and you said, "How much is enough, Morgan?" I would probably say just a little bit more.

So I think that can afflict virtually anybody at any income level. I remember when I was a teenager thinking to myself, uh, if if if I had $1,000 in the bank, all my problems would go away. And I genuinely believe that kind of thing. And so I think at any age income, it's it's very easy to tell yourself the story, the narrative that if my net worth, statistically for all the studies show it's roughly 2x of whatever you have right now, would in your brain uh, check a box that says now I have enough.

I have this executive coach I've been working with for almost a decade. Great guy. His name is Jerry Colona. And he he's like you and like me in that he doesn't pretend to be perfected. He he talks a lot about his own foibless and flaws and and uh he has this story from many years ago when he his um uh psychotherapist with whom he was very close and she's now passed on. But there was a conversation they were having when she was saying, "Well, Jerry, how much is enough?

like how much would you need in order to feel safe to feel sad? And he said Bill Gates money. Well, here's that's such a good answer because I was just going to bring this up. Uh Steve Balmer, who was the CEO of Microsoft for two decades or so and is one of the richest men in the world. I think he's worth 150 some odd billion dollars right now. He did a wonderful podcast with a podcast acquired uh about a year ago, I think it was maybe six months ago.

And he he didn't say this directly. I don't want to put words in his mouth, but he got close to kind of tangentially pointing to that he worries about losing his money and and running out of money. That that kind of thing. Again, he didn't say that, but if you listen to what he said, you can kind of get the gist that he thinks about it. And so, this is someone who's worth $150 billion. billion. billion. And I I I I think that's true for for a lot of rich people that when you are poor, you worry about never making enough money.

And when you have money, you worry about losing it. Uh I I think it's it's common. I think a lot of times in life for many topics in life, people have a minimum level of stress that they need in their life. They can never just say I'm I'm great. I have I have everything. I don't need to worry anymore. They always need to worry about something for most topics. And if they don't have a legitimate level, if they don't have legitimate problems to worry about, they will make up fake problems to worry about.

And so when you are poor and you might worry about not being able to pay rent, that's a legitimate worry that you worry about. When you're rich and you have all the money that you ever need, you might worry about losing it. And that might be, you know, a much less rational worry, but you need to worry about something just to kind of keep your brain occupied. I think there's some truth to that. I agree with that. I think, and I don't have any evidence other than my own end of one experience, but um it feels to me like I have a certain amount of anxiety in my system and it will find some [ __ ] to latch on to.

And so, um, you might be able to reassure me about what I'm whatever it is I'm obsessing over right now, but then I I will just the the the storehouse of anxiety. We'll just move on to the the the next item in the passing show. You brought up a bunch of things that I want to follow up on. Uh, contentment for sure. I want to get to since we're picking on rich people for a second, um, which, you know, I'm always happy to do. I want to get to something you say very early in the book which is relevant to this thing that you and I have been doing which is being judgmental of the super rich and how they think about money.

No matter what level of income you're at, we all have our our stuff around money and we all have uh this tendency to judge other people in their stuff. And so there's this expression you use very early in the book that I think it's worth unpacking here, which is all behavior makes sense with enough information. I I I got that quote from my brother-in-law who is a social worker and he says that they use that phrase in the social work community very often when you're working with very troubled kids who are maybe homeless or abused at home, just horrific backgrounds.

A lot of those kids perform very poorly at school. They're truent. They get in fights on the playground and it's it's obvious and common that a teacher or a principal would say, "Why are you behaving like this? I I can't understand what's going through your head that would cause you to do that." And in in the social work circles, they say, "All behavior makes sense with enough information." If you knew the abuse and the neglect that that child was dealing with at home, you don't condone the behavior at school, but you understand it.

It makes sense with enough information. I think you can apply that philosophy to so many things in life, including um you know h how we think about money, saving money, spending money, showing off how much money we have, judging other judging the amount of money that other people have. There's there's usually a deep story behind that. And so I I I I try not to judge, but whenever I see a guy in a yellow Lamborghini, let's say, there's a story behind that. There's a story of wanting to show other people, the majority of the time, at least, wanting to show other people that you've made it.

And I I I use a story in in the book of a very close family member of mine that grew up in abject poverty, homeless and in the foster system for much of his childhood and then became a very successful businessman. And when his daughter was going to college, he told her, "Please pick the most expensive school that you get into." And the reason he said it is it was a social trophy to him and a symbol of what he had overcome had overcome had overcome to send his daughter to the most expensive school.

And in his mind, it was the higher the tuition, the better. And so you you have I use it as an example of there's a lot of behavior with money that doesn't make a lot of rational sense. It either looks highly egotistical or just doesn't track with rational thinking. But when you scratch beneath the the surface of the stories and the psychological scars that every one of us has, I have, you have, uh it it it makes sense. And again, you don't always say that behavior is right, but you can be like, I I kind of understand why you would do that.

I I I found this great headline in the Washington Post from 1929, which was the peak of the roaring 20s just before the Great Depression, the biggest one of the biggest bubbles back then. And the headline I thought was so brilliant. It was um the more you were snubbed while poor, the more you will enjoy displaying being rich. So if you grew up poor, as a lot of people in the 1910s and teens did, and you were snubbed for that, when you finally had some money in the 1920s, that was the person that was going to get the flashy car and the jewelry and the mink coat and whatever it was back then.

And so I I I think there's there's quite a bit of that. And you can always tell a lot about people's backgrounds and their psychology, even if they don't know what these things would be, by watching how they spend money. either people are very content and and confident in themselves or they're trying to either prove to themselves or to prove to other people that they've made it in the world. It's such a thorny subject and you brought up so many great points there like the power of humiliation in human human affairs, you know, when the with the snubbing, the the tendency that we all have to judge.

Yeah, we see somebody in Lamborghini and we go right to, oh yeah, he must have a micro penis. Um, but it it could be any number of of things. It could be he he was an orphan um and actually this is a great way to you know he grew up in foster care and this is this is what makes him feel safe and so it scans to us as obnoxious but once you have enough information um what what's the other there's a French correlary I can't remember the words in French but it's something like and this is a correlate correlary to all behavior makes sense with enough information it's to know all is to forgive all um Yes.

And it's a very generous way to go through the world. And there's a lot of times when you see someone, let's just use that yellow Lamborghini, the extreme example. A lot of times, yes, they're trying to show off to other people. It's not uncommon though that who they're who they're actually signaling for and performing for is them themselves because they came from such a lower spot and they know the the weight that was on their shoulders at a different point in their life. And the car is a symbol to themselves that they've made it.

It's a social trophy for themselves. And I I I think we all have some version of that if we overcame some big adversity earlier in their life. I'll give you mine personally. I've written about this a little bit. I had a very extreme stutter growing up and it was really hard for me to speak fluently until I was 30 and now I speak for a living. I speak at conferences all over the world and whatnot. And in in a lot of ways I think it's my social trophy.

It's it's do I actually enjoy traveling around and flying around and speaking on stage? I think I enjoy some of it, but whenever I get off stage, there's this feeling that I think I have that other speakers wouldn't because for the first 30 years of my life, it was speaking was the one of the biggest challenges that I could ever have. And so, it has a very different feel for me now. And I think a lot of people have that same version financially. If they felt like they were snubbed and now they're earning a big in a big income, those are the people for whom like money can't burn a hole in their pocket fast enough.

They have to go out and prove to themselves that they made it. your story about the stutter just makes me so happy for you at the end of every sentence. It's it's interesting. There's actually quite um so most children stutter. The majority of you know three or four year olds will stutter and 95% of them or so will outgrow it by age six or seven. So it's a very common if you listen to a toddler speaking they could they're just constantly stumbling over their words. Um, and then it it it tends to fall off by age.

And by age 20 or so, by by puberty, I I should say, uh, it's it's a fraction of 1% of people still have a stutter. And mine was was was very severe. I mean, it was, if you go back to when I was 15 or 16, I I really couldn't finish a sentence. And it stuck with me. It was a slow progression. I think I started figuring out how to overcome it when I was 15 or 16, but I hadn't mastered how to overcome it until I was probably 30.

And so, it's it's true. even doing something like this podcast I think it's uh it's a good feeling. I had a friend who grew up in Africa deeply impoverished and then moved to America and he said to this day whenever a hot meal is placed in front of him he just has this radiant sense of joy cuz he remembers what it was like to be hungry in a way that if you and I got a hot plate of food it probably just that's just what we have.

So when you when you start from like a low starting base, any kind of accomplishment has a completely different sense of of of of what you've done. Well, so this is something you write about in the book. Uh I believe I believe the phrase is the best measure of wealth is what you have minus what you want. And so this gets us very directly to contentment. Yeah. I think what's what's important is that a lot of what we chase in life financially but in many aspects of life is happiness.

And it seems like of course that that of course that should be the goal. You know, life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness is is is what we're all after. I I think it's it's the wrong phrasing. And this is not just semantics is that happiness is always a fleeting emotion. I always use the example of happiness is like humor. If I tell you the funniest joke you've ever heard, you might laugh for 30 seconds. You are not going to laugh for 10 years straight. This is not how it works.

It's a fleeting emotion. It's a great emotion. I love I went to a comedy show last week with my wife. Laughed for the whole time, but it's fleeting. You don't laugh the whole night. And and so I I I think that's what happiness that that's that's really what it is. And so when we daydream about having more money, having a bigger house, having financial freedom, retiring, whatever it might be, by and large, what we're doing is imagining ourselves with that house or in retirement, whatever your goal is, and being content with it.

And that's what feels good. That's why the daydream is awesome is because you imagine yourself in that house thinking to yourself, I don't need a bigger one. This one's perfect. And so what we're actually after, I think, is contentment. And happiness is always fleeting, but contentment can be um a pretty durable emotion. And it's very difficult. I don't want to pretend like this is an easy thing. Oh, just be content with what you have and then it's done. A lot of the reason that we've made so much progress in the world over the last several hundred years with technology and medicine and everything is because people are not content.

Because most people wake up every morning saying I need to do better. This isn't enough. I need more money. We need better technology. We need more productivity. That's why this world is so great. So I don't want to say everyone should just be content with what they have. That's not it. But you have to understand the formula for doing well financially. What you have minus what you want. I want more money. Of course everybody does. But I also know that if I don't go out of my way to manage my expectations with as much emphasis as that I do growing my net worth, growing my income, it's it's never going to feel like it's enough.

And for a lot of people financially, if it never feels like it's enough, they end up running themselves off a cliff. Too much too much risk with their investments, too much ambition at work, and then they don't even know who their children are kind of thing. And so it's uh it's it's it's the most important topic in finance. I think it's very difficult and it takes a lot of work. I've used this analogy before that I think it's actually pretty similar to meditation where if you meditate very often, you can have a better life, but then you don't get to stop.

You have to yet you have to keep doing it over and over and over and over again. And so I have to remind myself about contentment and enough daily, I think. And I'm still pulled towards the siren song of more, but with but still with the reminder. I think my my wife is much better than I am at this of saying like I I I know you're daydreaming about that thing, Morgan, but you know it's not going to make you happy or you know it and I can give you 400 examples of the time you said it was going to make you happy and it didn't.

it didn't. it didn't. But it's a it's a it's a daily reminder to to progress to that area. I have a question. I'm just going to preface it with a tiny little a very brief little anecdote. Um I'm a little bit obsessed with the Beatles. I'm always excited when I find any new uh documentary on the Beatles. Um uh side note within a side note um on Disney Plus recently and I'm they're not a sponsor. U they dropped this like nine-part documentary series recently called the Beatles anthology.

Um and uh it's old but it's re it's reurbished in some way by uh the guy who directed um The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. Anyway, it's amazing. And then I was uh clicking around last night and saw that there was a Beatles documentary like a feature like an an hour and a half long thing uh about John and it wasn't about the Beatles specifically. It was about John Lennon and Yoko in their first year in New York after the Beatles broke up. And there's this I had never seen it before.

It's called One to One. And uh I'm only halfway through it. It's really good. But there's this moment where John in their first year before they moved into the Dakota and their fancy apartment out outside in the building outside of which John Lynon was eventually shot and killed. Uh they lived in a in I believe a garden apartment in the West Village, a very small modest apartment. And John is talking about the fact that he had this beautiful estate. He had grown up without much. And he had this beautiful estate outside of London.

And um he gave it all up and moved into this quite modest apartment. um with Yoko uh where they live for a year and he was so much I think he used the phrase I'm happy as Larry which I guess is some sort of British uh expression that I don't fully understand who Larry is. So anyway, I say all of that to get to this question which is I think we can all agree that managing our expectations striving for contentment is happy with again the asterisk that you issued before which is that um that's not to say that we should be complacent or resigned or not or killing our ambition but managing our expectations getting as many hits of contentment in our mind stream so that we are balancing our ambition with um um sanity.

My question is how what are the modalities for doing that? The first thing I bring up it's I I I like that you bring up the Beatles cuz they did something that's very rare for successful people. You you you'll probably know this answer. How long were they a band for or let's say a big like international band? It was a very short period of time. I don't know the number of years. You might Well, so they were together for a long time. So when starting when they were teenagers, but they were a big international band I think starting in like ' 64 65 and then they broke up in I think ' 69 or 70.

So very short run. And the reason I bring that up is you can easily imagine in alternative history where they just cranked out album after album after album into the 80s and kind of thing that weren't that good. I think a lot of the reason there is so much uh affinity for the for the Beatles and why they're so beloved is the power of scarcity. They came up and I know they they they broke up for not always positive reasons, but there was a sense of enough of just like the reason we love them is because there's not that much of them.

And let me give you the alternative to that. The Simpsons. The Simpsons are still creating new episodes. And from what I understand, no uh no, you know, not to disservice the people work on the show, but they suck. It's not that good. It was absolutely genius in the 1990s when a lot of us watched it, but they kept going and going and going. And the alternative to that would be something like Seinfeld quit on top. And a lot of the reason they're beloved, the show is beloved today is because scarcity.

Like it was a no. We don't have that much of it. So I think there's a lot of life like what makes it great is because of scarcity. I use this example in the book of this friend of mine is very wealthy and he has a private chef that makes him three meals a day and these are like Michelin starred meals that he eats three meals a day and gets that seven days a week and I'm a little bit jealous of course of that whenever I see him like that's amazing.

I guarantee you though no guarantee I I can tell you as a fact he does not appreciate it 1% to the extent that you and I think would think he was because that's all he knows. The reason that it seems amazing to you and I is or to me as I say is because I am used to the the the gr slop that I make myself for breakfast. So the incredible like Michelin burrito that he's eaten for breakfast by comparison seems amazing. But he doesn't know anything different.

And so what feels good is like is is the power of of scarcity and like trying something new. That's the first thing I'd bring up. a a more direct answer of how we can go about doing this is I think people always overestimate to a profound degree how much attention and social status you get from other people for your material possessions. It is so easy to assume if I had this house, this car, this jewelry, these clothes, whatever it be that person and most of the time that person is a complete stranger.

It's just the rest of society would think better of me. They would give me more respect, more admiration, whatnot. And we always overestimate that because nobody is thinking about you as much as you are. Nobody cares about your house or your cars or your clothes as much as you do. They're busy thinking about themselves. And so when you come to terms with that game that nobody is looking at you as much as you do. There was a study I saw there was a very brilliant study that I think really put put a pin in this.

They would take someone and give them a hideous sweater, an ugly, ugly sweater, just objectively awful sweater, and they would send that person into a big crowded bar or party, whatever it might be, and then they would bring that person out and they would say, "How many people in that party do you think noticed your sweater?" And the person wearing it would be like 80% of people saw me and judge me for my sweater. And then they would go in and ask the people at at the party, "How many of you noticed the woman in the ugly sweater?" And the answer was nobody.

Nobody's paying attention to you as much as you think you are. And so once you come to terms with that, then you can use your money for what I think is the most powerful thing, which is independence. Like, stop trying to get the attention of other people who don't care about you and aren't paying attention to you. Use it for the independence of yourself and your family and your very close group of friends. That's where you can have the most power with it. And so, that's all I've ever wanted out of money is is independence.

I just want to wake up every morning and say, I can do whatever I want today. I couldn't give give two shits about what other people, strangers out there are thinking of me. I desperately want and need the love and attention from my wife, my kids, my parents, and maybe two of my friends, and that's that's it. It's going to be different for everybody, but that's pretty much it. And then it drops off precipitously from there. And it should because they're not paying attention. And the truth, too, is my six-year-old daughter does not care how many horsepower my car has.

my my parents don't care how many square feet my my my my house is. I kind of like they they they're going to care about much more durable things like your your love and your attention and you can use money for those things. And so I think that's part of it with the asterisk as I said earlier that it's much easier said than done and it takes almost daily practice for this. But that's how I've always thought about it. If you're using money to socially climb, you're always going to overestimate the rewards.

If you're using it for your own independence, it's one of the most miraculous tools that exists. When you say using it for your own independence, what do you mean by that? that? that? I've always been a big saver since I was 16 or 17 and started earning and started earning money. And I uh I I I didn't put this into words until much later, but I always viewed it even back then that I wasn't saving money. I was buying independence. That every dollar that I saved was an independence token.

And it wasn't delayed gratification. It wasn't like I'm saving money so that I can spend it down the road and then I'll be happy. I got pleasure out of that savings every day because I woke up knowing if I lose my job, if I get hurt, if I want to move, if I want to go get a different job, I have total flexibility to do that because of this financial cushion that I have. And I think people just as a survival mechanism massively underestimate the odds of something bad happening to them.

And so if I said, what are the odds that you and I will face at least one of these over the next 30 years? major medical illness, job loss, divorce, weward children, going on down the list of whatever that would be. The odds that we will experience at least one of them, if not all of them, are nearly 100%. That at least one of those will impact our life. And so people underestimate that odd because if they were honest with those odds, it'd be hard to get out of bed in the morning.

And so once a decade, if if you're saving money, uh in nine of those years, it'll feel like a waste. In one of those years, you'll be like, "This is the most incredible thing. I have so much independence and flexibility because this terrible thing happened in my personal life or in the economy and I have a little bit of financial oxygen to deal with it now. I think it's it's it's it's m it's it's it's it's huge and everybody has incredible talents. Every single person has incredible talents, but you can really only utilize it if you have some degree of independence.

It's very difficult to know who you are or what you're capable of if your entire life, particularly in your professional life, is following somebody else's orders, somebody else's dreams, somebody else's ideas. And so, the material stuff that we all want in our life is going to be different from person to person. I think it's a universal thing that people want independence and can thrive with independence. independence. independence. This episode is sponsored by Better Help. Sometimes it can feel like everybody else has it all together in their love lives.

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Sign up and get 10% off at betterhelp.com/happier. at betterhelp.com/happier. at betterhelp.com/happier. That's betterhp.com/happier. Let's go back to scarcity for a second. I think maybe there's more to say on this score. Um, correct me if I'm wrong and we can cut this if it if I am wrong. Um, but that there that there may be a way to introduce introduce introduce scarcity into your life in a way that actually helps you manage your expectations by, you know, having little luxuries intermittently instead of expecting some sort of steady stream of them.

Am I on to something with that? You're absolutely right about that. And back to my friend with the the private chef, um, going out to a very fancy dinner once or twice a year feels amazing because it's rare and unique. When you get it three meals a day, it feels like nothing. Christmas feels amazing because it's once a year. If you if if it was all the time, you just wonder why you have a pine tree sitting in your room and that kind of thing. And so I I think there's there's a lot of truth to that that um part of the reason that I want to live I'm not going to say a frugal life, but a a simple life is because the occasional luxury feels amazing when you do it.

If you're doing it all the time, it just becomes the norm. And there's there's a lot of this. You and I and nobody wakes up every morning and says, "Gosh, I'm so grateful for penicellin. I'm so grateful that we have penicellin." It just became something that everybody expected. But if you had explained a penicellin to somebody 150 years ago that, hey, all these illnesses that killed seven of your 10 children by the year 2025 or much much earlier than that, we just have a pill that costs $2 and just wipes everything out and you're fine.

that would have seemed like the most incredible miracle ever, but now it's everywhere and it's always when whenever you need it, it's there. So, we don't think much of it. So, there's a lot of example of like luxury becomes necessity very quickly in life and people can get accustomed to nearly anything. Uh this was the great philosopher Chris Rock uh who said if Bill Gates woke up with Opra's money, he'd jump out the window. Like no matter how much luxury you have, you just get accustomed to it in 3 seconds.

And so that's when living a simple life and introducing luxury to yourself in small doses is actually the way to maximize the amount of pleasure you get out of it. Chris Rock is so brilliant. Um your story about penicellin reminds me of something. I I have this longtime friend and meditation teacher, Joseph Goldstein, who comes on the show a lot and so I talk about him a lot because he's a big part of my life. And he has this story of being of basically killing the whole vibe at a Thanksgiving dinner with his family one year um with his brother and his brother's wife and their children and they were going around the table uh talking about what they were grateful for cuz that's the type of thing you do on Thanksgiving.

And Joseph said, "I am so grateful that when I turn on the hot water tap, hot water comes out of it." Like, that's crazy. And most of the world doesn't have that. Everybody at the table is like, "What are you talking about, dude?" But it, you know, if you tune into stuff like that, it that, it that, it it makes life look entirely different. And you you you asked a few questions ago about like how to be more uh content with what you have. I think being a student of history is very important here.

when you learn what life used to be like be like be like and let's I I' I've used this example before in in my first book. John D. Rockefeller was the richest man of the world at his time. He didn't have penicellin. Not only that, he didn't have Advil. He didn't have sunscreen. He didn't have electricity for most of his adult life. He didn't have a tiny fraction of any of the medical care that you and I can get at urgent care right down the street.

And it's not to say that the average person is living better than John D. D. Rockefeller. Uh but but there's there there's a list of things. It's it's just an example of like how quickly luxuries become necessities for everybody. And you can easily imagine a world in which our children um let's say for example uh don't have to worry about cancer that it's just something that we've kind of solved 30 or 40 years from now. I'm not a medical professional. I have no idea. But let's say that's the case.

Almost certainly they will not feel the sense of gratitude that imagining that scenario um feels like today. When when when you and I say that you guys won't have to worry about cancer. It's like this is the most amazing world and you're going to wake up every day so grateful for it. No, they won't. They'll find something else to complain about. Just like you and I don't have to worry about dying from scarlet fever, which would have seemed preposterous 150 years ago. So, one of the ways to become more grateful about what you have today is to become a deeper student of history and to learn about what life was like for 99% of people who came before us.

Okay. So, if we go all the way back to the question I asked before, like how do you manage your expectations? How do you have some contentment? Again, not the type of contentment and uh reduced expectations that put you on the couch forever, but that kind of takes the edge off of the natural healthy ambition that many of us feel. So, how do you do it? I'm I'm hearing a at least four things and and I'm running them by you just to make sure I understand them correctly and also just to make sure there isn't something we missed.

One is, you know, living a simple life uh so that there's a kind of so that the luxuries you do have um actually produce dopamine and aren't, you know, absorbed in the hydonic treadmill that is so um so prevalent in uh in in our lives. relate on a related note becoming a student of history as a route to gratitude you know understanding that you know if you look at your life through the lens of Thomas Jefferson or or a Rockefeller there's a lot of stuff that you should be you could be really grateful for um realize that the the the thing you think is uh the purchase you think is going to bring you increased status and universal acclaim is actually um not likely to do that given that most people are stuck in their own movie and they're not that concerned with you.

Um and then finally, um actually the best it's it's like knowing that the best use of money is not acquisition, accumulation, accumulation, accumulation, um the feudal uh pursuit of um of status. It's uh to get to buy yourself independence, to buy yourself freedom, um some sort of buffer against life's inevitable ups and downs. I think that's right. I I think that's right. I would use this more recent example that I heard recently that that I really like. Andrew Russ Orcin just wrote a book called 1929 about the the crash that the stock market crash in 1929.

It's fascinating book about the early days of the Great Depression. And in one of the reviews, I thought this is a very astute thing to point out in the review. Uh virtually all of the big characters that are portrayed in that book who were the titans of their day back in the 1920s, some of the richest men in the world, the most powerful people in the country, virtually all of them are forgotten today. And so if I think this is another kind of subtle example of you could be the richest person in the world with the biggest mansion in New York and whatnot.

Nobody cares. You're you're not you're you're not going to be remembered for any of that. Nobody is paying as much attention as you think. And on the flip side of that, I think a lot of people have like a a grandfather of of of lore who did something incredible, was helpful for to to his or your grandmother's community, did something amazing, was funny or what not, and is remembered forever. And so like if all you're doing in life is making money and trying to show off how big your house your house is, nobody's going to remember you for that.

If you actually do something positive in the world, people can remember you will remember you for that for a long time. So is this the thing about resumeé virtues versus eulogy virtues that David Brooks talks a lot about, which is a was such a brilliant way to phrase that. Ré virtue is your GPA, the square footage of your house, uh how much money you make. Eulogy virtue is uh how kind you are, how many friends you have, how helpful you were to your community. Warren Buffett framed this in a slightly different way.

Similar topic though. He said, "Write what you want your orbituary to say." And so it's going to be different for everybody, but what do I want my obituary to say? I would want it to say something like Morgan was a good father. Morgan was a good husband. Morgan helped his community. He listened to his friends. Those kind of things is what I would want it to say. And you instantly realize in that exercise that you would never put your salary, your net worth, your how much your stock portfolio outperformed the market.

You nobody like it's intuitive that those things don't matter at all when you're looking back at your life. Nobody would think of those things. And so it it it just gives you a a different set of goals to chase. And as I said earlier, a lot of the reason we chase financial goals is just because they're so easy to count. And so if I said, um, I want to be a 10% better dad. Great goal. I would love to be a 10% better dad. There's no way to track that.

There's absolutely no way to know whether I'm on track. And whether I'm a I'm a phenomenal or a terrible father today, nobody know. It's impossible to measure. But if I said, I want to increase my salary by 10% next year. Very easy thing to track. And so because of that, we're more attached to financial goals than we should be as a solution to so many of our problems. I may have been hallucinating what I'm about to say, but I feel in preparing for this interview that I read something in in in in your writings somewhere that we when we we purchase something like we get a new car or we get a new house or a new sweater or whatever it is that we think is going to bring us glory socially.

Um, to the extent that anybody notices, they are not conferring the glory upon you, they are just admiring the thing and mostly imagining what their lives would be like if they had that thing. Right? That came from my first book, The Psychology of Money. And I noticed that when I was in college, I was a valet at a five-star hotel in Los Angeles. And it's it's the coolest job any 19-year-old could have cuz I was I was parking Rolls-Royces and Aston Martins and Ferraris. This is the most amazing job.

And and I realized one day that if somebody drove into the hotel in a Ferrari, I would stop and and and gawk, but I never stopped and looked at the driver. I couldn't care less about the driver. What I would do is I would imagine myself as the driver. And I told myself if I was in that car, everybody would stop and look at me. And it was it was one day after doing this for years and I was like, don't you see the irony? Like I don't care about the driver, but I want to be the driver because I think people will then care about me.

And it was like what? No, nobody's thinking about you as much as you are. And I think that's true. If you have an incredible house, an incredible sweater, as you point out, incredible shoes, whatever it might be, that to the extent that people are looking at them, by and large, what they're doing is they're imagining themselves having that item. They don't really care about you. They they bypass you and they go straight to themselves. I think that's it's a very common thing. And it gets back to this idea that nobody's thinking about you as as much as you are.

If if we're about to go out to a holiday party, let's say, sometimes I I'll I'll ask my wife, "Hey, does does this shirt look okay? Is this She always has the same response." Morgan, nobody's looking at you. Nobody cares. Nobody's paying that much attention. Just wear the shirt and go. Nobody's going to pay any attention to it. I think there's a lot of truth to that. Uh what does the research say about whether having more money will make us happier? For many decades, it was a contentious topic because was a it was a contentious topic because there would be one study that shows pretty high correlation.

Uh make more money and you're going to be happier. There are the other famous studies that show, oh, after $70,000 per year, it really tapers off. So if you're if you're dirt poor, earning more money is great. Tapers off after that. And there's a lot of contention between that. For every study, there was an equal and opposite study. And so um a lot of that in in in my view was was there there there's some new information on that that I think was was really interesting which is that just in the last couple years we've shown that if you are already an unhappy miserable grumpy person earning more money is not going to do very much for you.

If you are already a a joyful content happy person earning more money is incredible. It's like it's a so in either way it just leverages who you already are. And I think you see that for a lot of of of of of rich people um that they're not they're not happy whatsoever. And I think a lot of it can even go u negative. And Will Smith, another great modern philosopher, brought this up. He said when he was uh poor and depressed, he could tell himself once I make more money then I'm going to be happy.

And so he had hope. And hope hope is an amazing thing. But then when he was rich and he was still depressed, he had he he lost all hope. He was like, "I have more money than I could ever need and I'm still sad. I'm still depressed." And so he didn't even have any hope. And so I think a lot of not not that people have a lot of empathy for them, but a lot of richer people richer people richer people can find themselves in this moment of despair when they're like, "I worked my ass off and I have more money than I could ever spend.

My grandchildren don't need to work and I'm still unhappy." and that and then I think it was uh it was Rick Rubin who said you only become truly depressed once you've reached your goals goals goals because that's when you you realize that it didn't change who you were and so I think there's there's quite a bit of that. I have a really close friend who sold a bunch of companies at a young age, made a bunch of money, but he, you know, not enough money that he had to retire that he could retire.

Although he could have retired, but he kept working. He was really young. And then he built another company, sold that and and then had like true [ __ ] you money and um had to quadruple his dose of uh anti-depressants. Just went off a cliff. like there was no meaning or purpose to his life. All of the ghosts that had been chasing him caught up with him in the in the in the slow period after having cashed his checks and it was really really hard. You know, I I point out in the book that among the 10 richest men in the world, there are cumulative 15 divorces among them.

And so I think if you actually put the richest people in the world on the therapist's couch and really got into their brains to figure them out, happiness is not a common denominator that you would find among them. I think there's a couple reasons for this. One is that a lot of very wealthy people are wealthy because their career has come at the expense of everything else, at the expense of their family life, at the expense of their personal health. And so the reason they're they're rich is because that's that's the only thing they've ever focused on.

And it's it's it's very difficult to be truly happy and content in life if all you have to show for it is money. So I think that's that's one of the reasons. The other is as we were saying before having being being poor or just being of of modest means is is having that sense of hope that there's something on the other side that if I work really hard and make more money then I'm going to have a better life. That's an amazing thing to chase after.

Uh I mean what's the what's the the general philosophy of of how a good life? how to have a good life. It's like something to do, somebody to love, and something to look forward to. Something to look forward to is a really key ingredient of of having a good life. And once you can't look forward to the day when more money is going to make you happier because you already have as much money as you ever want, that can be actually a pretty depressing thing. And I I I feel like we don't talk about that at all because people don't have a lot of empathy for rich people.

It's like, oh, who kind of thing. thing. thing. You see it, you spend time with these people and it's like, oh, it's it's a real thing. real thing. real thing. Yeah. We keep coming back to the super rich not because we think it's relatable, you and I, but because it's a cautionary tale. It's a series of cautionary tales. An extreme version of what we all deal with that helps us under put our our quotidian worries into perspective. Um, let let's let's keep going with some some more sort of downto-earth tactical advice uh that you have for the rest of us, the the the the vast majority of humans who are not super rich.

Uh, one of your pieces of advice is to aim for utility versus status. What does that mean? The example I use is uh you have to imagine yourself being on a deserted island with maybe just you and your family and maybe some of your close friends, you know, like your core tribe of people. And so in that world, nobody can see, no outsiders at least can see how you're living. Nobody can see your house, nobody can see your car, nobody can see your clothes. You are blocked off from the rest of the world.

There's no social media. How would you choose to live in that world? And and and let's also say since this is all makeelieve, you have unlimited money. How would you choose to live in that world? If nobody could see it, I think most people would gravitate towards utility over status. You would not want an enormous mansion because it's a pain in the ass to take care of. You would want a house with a nice view because that gives you utility. You probably would not want a Lamborghini.

You probably want a pickup truck that has utility. Somebody explains this to me in a way that I thought was great. They said a high-end Toyota is a nicer car than an entry-level BMW cuz all the entry-le BMW is is status. It's just an emblem to show other people that you have some sort of taste and level of success. The high-end Toyota is filled with utility for you. It's comfortable seats and a good sound system and a and a and a moon roof. It's like it's like things that make you good, even if everybody on the outside just looks at your little Toyota emblem.

I think that's a good way to think about it. like are you doing this thing because it makes you happy and gives you a better life and and helps your family or are you doing it because you think there's a level of status that is going to be reflected upon other people and so I think that's that that's the way to think about it and that's always been the case. Social media just dumped kerosene on this fire because now so much of life is performative, which is the right word.

Like people don't post on social media, they perform on social media, perform for other people. And no matter how well you're doing in life, there is always there's an endless stream on your phone of people who at least appear to be doing better and are happier and richer and prettier than you are. And so that's it's this topic that we're talking about would have been relevant and and important 30 years ago. I think it's an order of magnitude bigger now, especially for young people. It's incredible to me how reliable a source of suffering Instagram is for me.

Even with all of the meditation and other work I've done, it's incredible. One of the I think this is related. Um one of one of another piece of advice is that a key defense against the unwinable status game which is the game that has been drenched in kerosene by social media but has been with us as a species since the savannah. A key defense in your argument is self-examination. Do I have that right? And if so, what do you mean by that specifically? I think I think a lot of what envy is is kind of outsourcing your goals to other people.

Like I want what what you have. And again, a lot of life is a competition that's unavoidable. Competition for for jobs and for mates and whatnot. A lot of it is is unavoidable. But if if my level of if my definition of success is just one more of whatever you have, that's that's an unwinable game. And so I think for a lot of this, you have to become selfish in a good way. You have to keep your goals and your aspirations kind of confined to the roof of your own house of your own house, just you and your family.

I think that's this is one of the things I'll always put the asterisk of easier said than done, but I try to think about that quite a bit for my own goals of like keep I think there's there there's a there's a humble bubble that you have to live in with your own your own goals and and whatnot. So, I think about like for investing returns, so much of the investing industry is based off of outperforming peers. It's not how well have you done. It's not even do you have enough money for retirement or to send your kids to college.

That's that's that's a that's a side point in most of the investing industry. Almost everything is did you outperform your peers. It's it's just turned into a game. It's a it's like a sporting event of this. And if life is a competition, that can kind of make sense. But you can if you step back, you see the absurdity of it. The question is not are you prepared for retirement. It's did we outperform our two our three, five, and 10 year benchmarks. Like it's absurd. And so I think if you keep your goals confined to the roof of your house, a lot of these things become much more manageable.

You can keep your expectations in check in a much more manageable way and say, I I I don't care what my kids test scores are relative to other people. I care that they are happy and content and proud of themselves and that we're proud of them. And you know, balancing that with life being a competition is is always is is difficult. If you want your kids to get into a good college or get a good job after that, a lot of it is you do have to play that game of test scores or whatever it might of of of of what it might be.

If your job is to have a if if your goal is to have a good life, I think it it takes more of a sense of keeping those goals internal, the internal benchmark versus the external benchmark. Most people think their heart health is fine because their cholesterol looks normal, but critical markers like lipoprotein A rarely get tested unless you specifically ask for them. It's National Heart Month. I've personally been thinking more about my own heart health, especially after learning that I actually have somewhat high cholesterol.

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I think I've I've always been, and this is not unique, this is not rare, but I've part of it is I've always been the kind of person who has two or three really good friends and then the world kind of drops off after that. I don't know if that's that's the healthiest life, but that's that's what it's always been. I I I tend to think I I I don't have research backing those up, but I tend to think that people who want to have who want to be everybody's friend tend to be the kind of people who are trying to impress massive groups of people, and that's a very difficult game to play.

So keeping your your your social circle small is important. Being choosy and picky about who you socialize with is very important. I grew up in the woods outside of Lake Tahoe and this is before tech money when it was just a poor mountain town. And then I went to college in Los Angeles uh during the housing bubble when there was literally just like a trillion dollars floating down the street kind of thing. And it was it was clear as day. It was not subtle that people had better lives were happier and more content in the poor like in the poor mountain town than they did in Los Angeles.

I think a lot of that was just in the poor mountain town your neighbors were humble as well. And so when I was growing up, rich people had new pickup trucks and poor people had old pickup trucks. That was the stratification of wealth. It was it was it was not that much in Los Angeles. you know, poor people have have entry-level Rolls-Royces and rich people have like custommade Rolls-Royces. That was that was a stratification in Los Angeles. And so being careful who you socialize with, I think is very important.

Someone asked me not not too recently like among rich people, again, just using them as a magnifying glass. What what subset of rich people tend to be the most happy and content with it? And one of the things that I that I said that I've seen many times are if you if you start off modest and then become rich, the people who kept their friends after they became rich, they kept the same group of friends that they had before they had money or especially kept the spouse that they had before they had money.

Uh those t those people tend to do fairly well. the group of people who once they become wealthy, they discard their old their old social circle or discard their spouse and upgrade so to speak, those people I think have a much harder time with it because their expectations are rising at the same level of their income. And so if if you if your income goes up 10fold and your expectations go up 12fold because you enter a whole new social circle, that's a very difficult game to play.

If your income doubles and you keep the same friends who have the same expectations and the same definition of a good life, that's that could be an amazing life. That could be awesome. Yes. awesome. Yes. awesome. Yes. And so I've I I've tried to do that myself that the small group of friends that I do have uh are are friends that I've had for many many years. And again, that's maybe that's not that unique, but the friends who I cherish the most and who I'm capable of having the best time with are friends that I've had for 20 years.

And I and I I think I I I think there's there's quite a bit of that no matter how much money you make. Oh, that lands for me. Just to reset, we're talking about u how to use your money, no matter how much money you have, um to bolster your happiness instead of sapping it, to bolster your sense of well-being instead of um diminish it. Another concept you have, Morgan, is to minimize future regret. Can you unpack that? This this came from Daniel Conaman, the late psychologist, won the Nobel Prize in economics.

I did an interview with him 10 or 15 years ago. He passed away last year. And um we we asked him specifically about investing, like what behavioral traits do you need to to be a good investor? And he kind of swatted away the investing side of it, but he said for money in general and for life in general, you need to have a well-c calibrated sense of your future regret. You need to understand what decisions today, excuse me, need to clear my throat. He said, "You need to understand what decisions today you're going to look back at 20 or 30 years from now with a sense of regret." And most people don't have a very good sense of regret, but you need to understand like I think it was Jerry Seinfeld, another another a third great modern philosopher from this from this episode who said um self-control is empathy with your future self.

Having self-control over your decisions today is understanding that you are going to be a person 10 or 20 years from now and you need to respect that person and be nice to that person. And if you think about that, you will eat differently, you will exercise differently, you will spend your money differently. If you can be nice to you 10 years in the future, that's that's understanding your sense of future regret. It's different for everybody. Jeff Bezos talked about the regret minimization framework is why he started Amazon.

And he said back in 1994, he said if he started Amazon and it failed, he would not regret that. But if he didn't start it and never tried, he would regret that. Looking back at his life when he was 90 years old, as he said, and I think what's important about that is um if if I poured my life savings and all of my time into a startup and it failed, I would regret it. Like I would regret. So that's so everybody has a different sense of regret.

He wouldn't have, I would have. So, there's no universal formula on what you're going to regret here. I think I've gotten a little bit better as I age. And I think this is true for for most people at understanding what I'm going to regret in the future because what does making a bad decision feel like in the moment? It usually feels amazing. It usually feels like an incredible thing because what most of what you're going to regret are are times when you kind of frontloaded future pleasure into today.

Like you robbed it from the future. So eating uh cake and ice cream like tastes amaz feels amazing, but you're you're robbing yourself of how you're going to feel an hour later or the next day or 30 years from now when you're when when you're when you're when you're overbe when you're when when you're overweight. And so I think I think over time taking a step back and asking of the decisions that I do regret, how did it feel at the time? What can I learn from that?

And have I gotten any better over time at understanding it? taking action today and avoiding actions today that I'm not that I know I'm going to regret in the future. future. future. Another concept um when it comes to spending money in a way that that will redown to our well-being is um the the creation of and this is the flip side of minimizing regret. It's the creation of positive memories. positive memories. positive memories. I think a lot of that I forget who said that the purpose of life is to do things for which you are going to have nostalgia for in the future.

And I I think that's quite a bit of it. There's the the kind of stale stereotyp stereotypical advice for money of don't spend your money on on things, spend it on memories. And I think people can go and and and spend it on experiences, I should say. I think that can go astray because a lot of the time that people spend money on experiences, they're still doing it for performative reasons. They're still spending their money on this vacation, this vacation, this vacation, not because they really enjoyed that location or because they had a good time there, but because they know it's going to make a good Instagram picture.

They know there's there's some sort of social clout in going to Bali and telling your friends that you did it is is is why you're doing it. So the idea of of forming memories, you know, for for most people, not everybody, but I think it it's it's not uncommon that if you are an adult looking back at your life and I said, when did you form the best memories for like what era of your life did you have the the best memories? A lot of people will tell you high school that that was an era when it was just carefree and you had a great group of friends and you were going to parties and you didn't have the responsibilities that you had later in life.

That was those were the golden years. That was great. And a lot of the common denominator of people in high school is they don't have any money. They're broke. And so the idea of like forming forming good memories is not a financial thing whatsoever. You know, for for a lot of people too, it's when their children were very young, when they had toddlers and young kids, those are those can be amazing years of core memories. And that too tends to be a time in your life when you don't have a lot of money.

You're not sleeping very much. You're stressed out of your mind. But those form core memories, too. So the the the knee-jerk reaction of what we think is going to form a great memory, expensive vacation like let's say tends tends not necessarily to be the case. I actually think in a lot of these instances there's a negative correlation between how much money you're spending and how much time you have, how much joy and good memory you're going to take away from it. I'm just taking down my list here.

Another piece of advice uh that that you uh t that you give in the book and this kind of hearkens back to something you said earlier in this conversation is um it's important to to not link or hitch um money to our identity. Um even even the identity as a saver. you you described yourself as as uh as a saver, but there's a way in which if you if you have a fixed identity about your attitudes toward money, it can limit your range of options. Yeah.

I think whenever in life you use the phrase I am a blank and it doesn't matter what the blank is, Democrat, Republican, saver, I am a blank. You've attached yourself to a tribal identity and it's very difficult to break away from that and to think really rationally. you've you you've you've you've kind of outsourced your critical thinking to other people in the tribe. So, if you talk to a lot of financial adviserss, they'll tell you one of the most critical problems and common problems that they face are people who have saved enough money for retirement.

They've saved a million bucks for retirement and they're 65 years old. Congratulations, you won. And they cannot get that client to spend money in even the most responsible way because in that person's mind, I am a saver. It's become part of their identity. And for the pre previous 30 years, they saved money every month, every paycheck. And they saw their net worth go up every year. And the idea of seizing that and going in the other direction and start spending that balance down is so antithetical to their identity, to their personality that they've they've sacrificed so much to save this money and they can't spend it now.

And so anytime in your financial life, you say, "I am a blank." And and everyone says it, you pointed out, "I am a saver." And will it be hard for me once my peak earning years are over to turn that dial around and start spending it down? Yeah. Yeah. And so like let's this gets back to like let's not pretend like I've mastered this and I'm trying to impart the wisdom on you. Everybody suffers from this in to to some extent. And it's it's the difference between using money as a tool to live a better life versus something that controls you.

And this is actually the part of the book where I profiled the Vanderbilts who were at in their day the by far the richest family in the world. And I think virtually every single one of them was controlled by their money. It's like the money was just the puppet master controlling their life. And it was this weird thing where they had more money than any than anyone else in the world, but nobody in the world was as beholden to their money and taken hostage to their money psychologically as the Vanderbilts.

It told them where they could live, who they could socialize with, who they can marry, who they were allowed to be. Like they had no independence over their over their own psychology. And so whenever the money dictates your life rather than you using it as a tool, it's a it's a I think in those situations, money can be a financial asset, but it's a psychological liability. Yes, it's a financial asset on your on on your balance sheet, but it's completely hijacked your identity and your thought process.

And once that happens, it's very difficult for you to use it as a tool to live a better life. Appropo of you being a saver. A friend of mine, uh, Ricky used a term recently, and I hopefully I'm not going to mangle it, but he talked about recreational frugality. He loves to gify his cheapness out in the world. Um you have a chapter called the finer things in would you talk about the up uh the upside and the downside of obsessing over small expenses. What what should we know?

know? know? I think what's what's important and this is a great segue from the previous question of money hijacking your identity. If I can perfectly guess how much money you spend on certain topics if you just tell me your salary. There's a good chance that you're not thinking independently. you're just spending your money in a way that society tells you to do. And especially for people that are over a modest amount of income, there should be parts of your spending that don't make a lot of sense.

You spend way less than average on this and way above average on that because you don't value this thing and you really value that thing. I got this concept from Ramit Si, who's a great financial thinker and author and his version of this, if I'm remembering it correctly, uh he's done quite well for himself financially, but he's not a car guy. So, I think he drives like an older Honda Accord, but he loves clothes. He loves fashion and spends a fortune on fashion. That's the kind of mindset, whatever your version of that, that should be.

I'm I'm not a a wine drinker. And I've had people try to make me one. They'll be like, "Okay, you haven't tried the right one. Try this one. It's going to change your life." And I drink it and it's just it's all it all tastes the same to me. And so, I would never in a million years spend more than 10 or 12 bucks on a bottle of wine. there are other areas that I do spend more than other people on. Um even people who have the same income than I do that I value even if they don't.

And so the idea that there's no formula on how to do this, you have to figure it out for yourself. And if you're not you you are not thinking independently unless there is something like that in your life where you're spending more than you than other people might think you should and less on other items, then you're probably not thinking independently. independently. independently. Is it true that you recommend we should check our bank account daily? And if so, why? why? why? Well, I think particularly for young people, it's the simplest activity that moves the needle the most financially.

I think most poor financial outcomes are not because of lack of intelligence or even lack of self-control. It's lack of awareness. And the majority of people, if you ask them right now, how much money do you make per month? And how much money do you spend per month? And what is your net worth? the most basic questions you could think of in finance. The vast majority of people couldn't tell you or would give you the wrong answer. It's just out of sight, out of mind. And so checking your bank account every day, it takes 10 seconds.

It's ne it's the easiest thing you can do on your phone to just have a a higher level of cognition of how much money is going in, how much money is going out can really it's the easiest thing you could do than move the needle in the in the greatest degree. And if you don't do that, I mean, I think it's similar with food for a lot of people. If you ask people, how many calories did you eat yesterday? How many calories did you burn yesterday?

I have no clue whatso whatsoever. And this is why a lot of people don't have the health outcomes that they would want. that they would want. It's it's not that they're making bad decisions, it's that they don't even understand or are cognizant of the decisions that they're making. There's a lot of truth for that in finance. I think this is apppropo because we're talking about checking, you know, having some familiarity with the the inflows and outflows uh of your personal uh balance sheet. You You also, however, have a chapter uh called Spreadsheets Don't Care About Your Feelings.

What's that about? that about? that about? Well, I first started thinking about this when my my wife and I bought our first house. We had an infant son. He was a couple months old at the time. And I think a lot of parents feel this, especially when they have their first kid, if not before. The feeling of I don't want to be a renter anymore. I I I need to be a homeowner now, now that I'm a parent, was profound on us. And so we we found this house on Zillow that was in the neighborhood that we wanted to live in.

We're like, "Oh, that that looks nice. Let's just go uh there." Oh, oh, and and and and there's an open house today. Let's visit just to get some information. We're not interested in buying it. We just want to go get some information about it. And we pulled into the driveway and my wife gasped and she said, "Oh my god, I love it." And and and I did too. And at that moment, the idea that we were just going to seek some information was completely out the door.

This was an emotional decision, but we had an infant son and there was a kid's tree swing in the front yard and we were just like, "Oh, this is this is perfect." So, the idea that finance is a spreadsheet endeavor, I think, is is is lying to yourself. Most of what finance is is your retirement and sending your kids to college and purchasing a house, that's the majority of what the financial industry is. And the idea that you can think about those as numbers rather than emotions and major life milestones is fooling yourself.

So I think most most good financial decisions are like half spreadsheet and half heart. One of the ways to phrase this is like stop thinking that you can think rationally. We are not spreadsheets. We're not robots. We are all broken and imperfect and emotional and hormonal in our own special ways. I think the best you can aim for is to be reasonable with your financial decisions. Just be reasonable about it. Don't be unreasonable about it. But you can do things that don't make perfect sense on a spreadsheet, but they fill some part in some some part of your soul.

They're they're they're they're filling up some void that you have that you really like. Cuz when you're buying a house, it's not just mortgage payment, square footage. When you go to that house, you're envisioning what Christmas morning's going to look like. You're envisioning like backyard barbecues with your friends. That's not on spreadsheet anywhere. And it's a very real part of how the home buying process works. And so just being aware of that and accepting of that that this is not a math game. This is a lifestyle game and this is like a very key part of your identity and like scratching social issues that itches that you have.

That's really important. Your story about buying the house um a ve very similar story. My wife and I pulled up the driveway of this house that we live in now about um 5 years ago and fell irrationally and wholeheartedly in love with it and just made a series of really stupid financial decisions as a consequence and we still love it here, but this place is nearly killed us so many times. So, I totally feel you on that. that. that. Oh, it's it's a very So, uh just a couple more questions.

Uh we've you and I both referenced repeatedly our children. You also talk in the book about how to talk to about money to your kids. What what should we know? The first thing is that you don't need to sit them down and lecture them about money because whether you know it or not, they're paying attention. Every time that you as a parent have said, "We can't afford this or we need to buy more of that." or anytime you make a a a snide comment about somebody else's finances or about somebody else's spending decisions, they are paying attention and forming a mental model in their head.

their head. their head. The closest example of this is politics. There's a lot of studies that will show that your political beliefs have an extremely high correlation to your father's political beliefs. That by and large what your father believed is what is had had a profound impact on you. And it's specifically your father. And I I and and and most of the time parents don't sit their children down and tell them this is why we vote the way that we do. It's not explicit, but every time that the that the parent made a snide comment about politicians, every time that they were watching the news, every time that they made a comment about who they voted for, the kid paid attention to it.

And over time, they form this mental model that can stick with them for life. Money is very similar to that. So, I think the best you can do as a parent is lead by example and remember that they're always paying attention and that actually if you sit them down, particularly when they're teenagers, and try to lecture them on what the the best thing to do is financially, they're probably going to rebel against that as most teenagers would. If your parents trying to force wisdom upon you, they're going to push that away.

But all throughout your life, they're always paying attention to it. So, that's something that I that I try to think about quite a bit. I think it's important to teach kids to the extent that you do, not necessarily what money can do for you, but what money can't do for you. for you. for you. It's very common for young people, particularly in like late teens, early 20s, that at that phase of life, they don't have a lot of job skills. They might not have a lot of of of humor.

They might not have the ability to be a good partner. Uh they haven't learned those skills yet. It's very common in that young person's life to say, "Look, I can't gain my love from job skills or humor or wisdom. Maybe I can gain it through money." And so the appeal that money is the solution to your problems and that money will make you who you are is very appealing to young people. It's the most appealing to young people because they don't have any other way to gain that love and attention and admiration in other endeavors.

So I think if there is something to teach young people, it's yes, good financial management and those kind of things. It's also what money cannot do for you. There's a long list of things that money can do for you. There is an even longer list of things that it cannot do for you. Final question. You had a great chapter title that I'm really agree with and this is actually the one thing that I do lecture my son about. Um, the luckier you are, the nicer you should be.

This is the last question, so I'm going to take the liberty of giving you a very long answer to this. And I'll tell you the story that uh led me to this idea. It's a one of the coolest It's a one of the coolest stories I've ever heard. It came from the actor Kevin Cosner. And this is back in the 1980s when he was a big actor but not yet an A-list celebrity. And he had a friend who was homeless and moved in with the Cosners.

And the friend was a writer and and when he was homeless and moved into the Cosmer Cosner's basement, I think it was he was writing a script. The friend was a writer and he's begging the Cosers, Kevin Cosner and his wife, please read the script. It's so good. The script is the best thing I've ever read. Please read it. And Kevin and his wife, no, no, no, not not going to read your script. Not interested. You're you're lucky enough that we let you moved in. Not reading your script.

This guy, I I think started trying to read the script to the Coster's children at the time cuz he thought it was so good. And there was a moment when Kevin Kevin Coer's wife said, "Enough. He's out." And they they sent this guy on his way. He was still homeless when they kicked him out. And after he moved out, he's keeps calling Kevin, "Have you read my script? Have you read my script? It's so good. It's so good." I good. It's so good." I think Kevin Cos as he tells a story out of a sense of desperation to get the friend to shut up, said, "Fine, I'll read your stupid script." And he went to where it was stored in his house and he pulled it out and the name of the script was Dances with Wolves, which if you're not familiar became Kevin Gosser's blockbuster hit that and he and I, you know, his I I think a take away from that is like talent can come from anywhere.

And there's too much association in the world of your worth is your your your worth as a person and your talent as a person is your talent as a person is equal to your net worth and equal to your income. It's a very flawed way to think about it. And I think there are so many people who have not figured out finances. They haven't figured out how to monetize their life yet, but they're very talented. They're very funny. They're full of wisdom. They have a lot to offer.

They make incredible friends. But the scorecard of well how much money do you make and what is your net worth becomes more important than anything. And so that's kind of the idea I had of the luckier the luckier you are the nicer you should be. I think the more money you make the easier it is to tell yourself that rich people are good people. Rich people are are the people who are worth letting into your life that you want to surround yourself with. And I think it's a it's a very flawed assumption.

And the only way to break out of that and to understand that everybody of all income have values to add in the world and and benefits and joy to add to your life is the idea of the luckier you are and the nicer you should be. should be. should be. I did lie when I said it was my last question. I actually always end on two uh questions. One is um is there something you were hoping we would get to that we haven't? No. Nothing comes to mind.

This is a this is a great conversation. I agree it was a great conversation. Um, second, can you remind everybody of the name of your new book, the book that preceded it, anything else you've made that you want us to know about? So, I've written three books. My first book is called The Psychology of Money. Uh, I wrote another book called Same as Ever about behaviors that never change over time. And my latest book is called The Art of Spending Money. Socials, website, etc. I spend I spend I I have my my social media drug of choice has become Twitter over time.

I'm trying to wean myself from it. I don't know if I'm doing a very good job of it. Um, but the books that I write I is the vast majority of what I do and I've kind of downloaded everything that I've learned over the last 20 years into those books. So, if you're interested in more, that's the place to check it out. Awesome. Uh, Morgan, really appreciate your time. Always great to talk to you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thanks, Dan. This is fun.