Anti-Aging Expert: This Reverses Gray Hair & This Myth Is Costing You Your Health!

This is incontrovertible evidence that This is incontrovertible evidence that graying of hair is reversible and graying of hair is reversible and graying of hair is reversible and [music] it can be pre-fast. [music] it can be pre-fast. [music] it can be pre-fast. >> Wow. >> Wow. >> Wow. >> And there's more. So, we all walk around >> And there's more. So, we all walk around >> And there's more. So, we all walk around with our biological [music] history with our biological [music] history with our biological [music] history encoded in your hair. Like, for example, encoded in your hair. Like, for example, encoded in your hair. Like, for example, if you have marijuana 6 months ago, it's if you have marijuana 6 months ago, it's if you have marijuana 6 months ago, it's going to be in your hair. going to be in your hair. going to be in your hair. >> He's got a haircut. >> He's got a haircut. >> He's got a haircut. >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> So, my [music] research lab had the idea >> So, my [music] research lab had the idea >> So, my [music] research lab had the idea that if we could find what was happening that if we could find what was happening that if we could find what was happening in this person's life when this [music] in this person's life when this [music] in this person's life when this [music] young hair become old, then we could young hair become old, then we could young hair become old, then we could understand the mechanism of the aging understand the mechanism of the aging understand the mechanism of the aging process. process. process. >> So, what is the secret to anti-aging? >> So, what is the secret to anti-aging? >> So, what is the secret to anti-aging? >> It's the proper allocation [music] of >> It's the proper allocation [music] of >> It's the proper allocation [music] of energy. energy. energy. >> Can you can you How What's the simplest >> Can you can you How What's the simplest >> Can you can you How What's the simplest way you can explain that to me? way you can explain that to me? way you can explain that to me? >> So, first, [music] energy is real and >> So, first, [music] energy is real and >> So, first, [music] energy is real and it's the difference between feeling like it's the difference between feeling like it's the difference between feeling like you can change the world or feeling you can change the world or feeling you can change the world or feeling completely drained. completely drained. completely drained. >> [music] >> [music] >> [music] >> And a lot of people live on that end of >> And a lot of people live on that end of >> And a lot of people live on that end of the spectrum. And it's because there's a the spectrum. And it's because there's a the spectrum. And it's because there's a finite energy budget with a hierarchy of finite energy budget with a hierarchy of finite energy budget with a hierarchy of energy needs in the body. For example, energy needs in the body. For example, energy needs in the body. For example, we did an experiment because we wanted we did an experiment because we wanted we did an experiment because we wanted to know how much energy does it cost to to know how much energy does it cost to to know how much energy does it cost to [music] worry about the future, to [music] worry about the future, to [music] worry about the future, to ruminate about yesterday. And we found ruminate about yesterday. And we found ruminate about yesterday. And we found that the stress hormone increased energy that the stress hormone increased energy that the stress hormone increased energy expenditure [music] by 16%. Right? So, expenditure [music] by 16%. Right? So, expenditure [music] by 16%. Right? So, it needs to steal energy from some of it needs to steal energy from some of it needs to steal energy from some of the things that keep you young. the things that keep you young. the things that keep you young. >> So, it's not the stress [music] that >> So, it's not the stress [music] that >> So, it's not the stress [music] that burns us down. It's the response to burns us down. It's the response to burns us down. It's the response to stress. And the third piece is this, stress. And the third piece is this, stress. And the third piece is this, energy is in your mitochondria. And energy is in your mitochondria. And energy is in your mitochondria. And there's [music] about 5,000 trillion there's [music] about 5,000 trillion there's [music] about 5,000 trillion mitochondria in your body. And so, they mitochondria in your body. And so, they mitochondria in your body. And so, they made our bodies possible and they can made our bodies possible and they can made our bodies possible and they can change how you feel. change how you feel. change how you feel. >> Well, I read that studies on brains of >> Well, I read that studies on brains of >> Well, I read that studies on brains of dead people have found that those with dead people have found that those with dead people have found that those with greatest sense of purpose have more greatest sense of purpose have more greatest sense of purpose have more efficient mitochondria. efficient mitochondria. efficient mitochondria. >> Yes. We are really in service of the >> Yes. We are really in service of the >> Yes. We are really in service of the mitochondria. They allow us to be alive. mitochondria. They allow us to be alive. mitochondria. They allow us to be alive. >> And yeah, I've got so many questions for >> And yeah, I've got so many questions for >> And yeah, I've got so many questions for you based on what people wanted to know. you based on what people wanted to know. you based on what people wanted to know. Like, how patients with ME, chronic Like, how patients with ME, chronic Like, how patients with ME, chronic fatigue, or long COVID safely fatigue, or long COVID safely fatigue, or long COVID safely rehabilitate their mitochondria. What I rehabilitate their mitochondria. What I rehabilitate their mitochondria. What I consume, how does that impact the consume, how does that impact the consume, how does that impact the efficiency of the energy? Does red light efficiency of the energy? Does red light efficiency of the energy? Does red light therapy impact mitochondria? [music] therapy impact mitochondria? [music] therapy impact mitochondria? [music] And is there anything I can do to have And is there anything I can do to have And is there anything I can do to have more energy available? But before that, more energy available? But before that, more energy available? But before that, I've heard you say that most diseases or I've heard you say that most diseases or I've heard you say that most diseases or disorders can be explained by disorders can be explained by disorders can be explained by understanding energy resistance. understanding energy resistance. understanding energy resistance. >> Yeah. We think there's increased [music] >> Yeah. We think there's increased [music] >> Yeah. We think there's increased [music] energy resistance in cancer, and then energy resistance in cancer, and then energy resistance in cancer, and then Alzheimer's. Like fundamentally, Alzheimer's. Like fundamentally, Alzheimer's. Like fundamentally, diabetes is a disease of energy diabetes is a disease of energy diabetes is a disease of energy resistance. resistance. resistance. >> So, is there anything I can do? >> So, is there anything I can do? >> So, is there anything I can do? >> There is. So, you can start by >> This is super interesting to me. My team >> This is super interesting to me. My team gave me this report to show me how many gave me this report to show me how many gave me this report to show me how many of you that watch this show subscribe, of you that watch this show subscribe, of you that watch this show subscribe, and some of you have told us, according and some of you have told us, according and some of you have told us, according to this, that you are unsubscribed from to this, that you are unsubscribed from to this, that you are unsubscribed from the channel randomly. So, favor to ask the channel randomly. So, favor to ask the channel randomly. So, favor to ask all of you, please could you check right all of you, please could you check right all of you, please could you check right now if you've hit the subscribe button now if you've hit the subscribe button now if you've hit the subscribe button if you are a regular viewer of this show if you are a regular viewer of this show if you are a regular viewer of this show and you like what we do here. We're and you like what we do here. We're and you like what we do here. We're approaching quite a significant landmark approaching quite a significant landmark approaching quite a significant landmark on this show in terms of a subscriber on this show in terms of a subscriber on this show in terms of a subscriber number. So, if there was one simple, number. So, if there was one simple, number. So, if there was one simple, free thing that you could do to help us, free thing that you could do to help us, free thing that you could do to help us, my team, everyone here, to keep this my team, everyone here, to keep this my team, everyone here, to keep this show free, to keep it improving year show free, to keep it improving year show free, to keep it improving year over year and week over week, it is just over year and week over week, it is just over year and week over week, it is just to hit that subscribe button and to to hit that subscribe button and to to hit that subscribe button and to double-check if you've hit it. Only double-check if you've hit it. Only double-check if you've hit it. Only thing I'll ever ask of you. thing I'll ever ask of you. thing I'll ever ask of you. Do we have a deal? Do we have a deal? Do we have a deal? If you do it, I'll tell you what I'll If you do it, I'll tell you what I'll If you do it, I'll tell you what I'll do. I'll make sure do. I'll make sure do. I'll make sure every single week, every single month, every single week, every single month, every single week, every single month, we fight harder and harder and harder we fight harder and harder and harder we fight harder and harder and harder and harder to bring you the guests and and harder to bring you the guests and and harder to bring you the guests and conversations that you want to hear. conversations that you want to hear. conversations that you want to hear. I've stayed true to that promise since I've stayed true to that promise since I've stayed true to that promise since the very beginning of The Diary of a the very beginning of The Diary of a the very beginning of The Diary of a CEO, and I will not let you down. Please CEO, and I will not let you down. Please CEO, and I will not let you down. Please help us. Really appreciate it. Let's get help us. Really appreciate it. Let's get help us. Really appreciate it. Let's get on with the show. >> [music] >> [music] >> Dr. Martin Picard, >> Dr. Martin Picard, >> Dr. Martin Picard, what is it that you believe, know, or what is it that you believe, know, or what is it that you believe, know, or understand understand understand that most people out there don't that most people out there don't that most people out there don't believe, know, or understand? >> We are energy. >> We are energy. We literally are the energy that's We literally are the energy that's We literally are the energy that's flowing through the body. flowing through the body. flowing through the body. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> And >> And >> And and that sounds a little woo. and that sounds a little woo. and that sounds a little woo. >> You don't have context. And And that's I >> You don't have context. And And that's I >> You don't have context. And And that's I think something that we're just starting think something that we're just starting think something that we're just starting to have the right scientific framework to have the right scientific framework to have the right scientific framework to to understand, to understand to to understand, to understand to to understand, to understand ourselves from first principles as ourselves from first principles as ourselves from first principles as energetic processes. energetic processes. energetic processes. >> In a nutshell, what is it that people >> In a nutshell, what is it that people >> In a nutshell, what is it that people are looking for are looking for are looking for when they when they when they listen to this subject of energy? listen to this subject of energy? listen to this subject of energy? >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. I think that people want to understand I think that people want to understand I think that people want to understand what is energy, and how can I have more what is energy, and how can I have more what is energy, and how can I have more energy? energy? energy? >> I can relate to that because sometimes, >> I can relate to that because sometimes, >> I can relate to that because sometimes, you know, if I look through my life, you know, if I look through my life, you know, if I look through my life, sometimes I wake up and I feel amazing. sometimes I wake up and I feel amazing. sometimes I wake up and I feel amazing. I really have, in my view, done the same I really have, in my view, done the same I really have, in my view, done the same thing. But then sometimes I wake up and thing. But then sometimes I wake up and thing. But then sometimes I wake up and I don't feel amazing. And it feels kind I don't feel amazing. And it feels kind I don't feel amazing. And it feels kind of like ruler, like this sort of sort of of like ruler, like this sort of sort of of like ruler, like this sort of sort of opaque mystery of how do I wake up on opaque mystery of how do I wake up on opaque mystery of how do I wake up on with more days in a row and feel with more days in a row and feel with more days in a row and feel amazing, like I can take on the world. amazing, like I can take on the world. amazing, like I can take on the world. And then there's also some friends that And then there's also some friends that And then there's also some friends that I have who are suffering with different I have who are suffering with different I have who are suffering with different things, whether it's chronic illness or things, whether it's chronic illness or things, whether it's chronic illness or long COVID or whatever, who repeatedly long COVID or whatever, who repeatedly long COVID or whatever, who repeatedly wake up and feel low energy for years, wake up and feel low energy for years, wake up and feel low energy for years, you know, at a time. you know, at a time. you know, at a time. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> That's a really tough >> That's a really tough >> That's a really tough place to be when you wake up repeatedly place to be when you wake up repeatedly place to be when you wake up repeatedly and and you don't feel like you have the and and you don't feel like you have the and and you don't feel like you have the capacity, the energy to be in the world. capacity, the energy to be in the world. capacity, the energy to be in the world. It's it's a really tough place to be. It's it's a really tough place to be. It's it's a really tough place to be. >> And and who are you and why >> And and who are you and why >> And and who are you and why did you commit your life to this did you commit your life to this did you commit your life to this subject? subject? subject? >> I'm a regular guy who with, you know, >> I'm a regular guy who with, you know, >> I'm a regular guy who with, you know, lived experiences who who's gone through lived experiences who who's gone through lived experiences who who's gone through some tough things that have taught me some tough things that have taught me some tough things that have taught me lessons and have gone through wonderful lessons and have gone through wonderful lessons and have gone through wonderful things that have made me feel like life things that have made me feel like life things that have made me feel like life is really special and precious. And then is really special and precious. And then is really special and precious. And then I became a a scientist and as I learned I became a a scientist and as I learned I became a a scientist and as I learned the tools of science, I started to see the tools of science, I started to see the tools of science, I started to see and I discovered mitochondria. and I discovered mitochondria. and I discovered mitochondria. I thought, this is an approach to start I thought, this is an approach to start I thought, this is an approach to start to bridge to bridge to bridge what's true about the human experience what's true about the human experience what's true about the human experience that we know from first experience that we know from first experience that we know from first experience empirically and we know to be real not empirically and we know to be real not empirically and we know to be real not because, you know, some white coat because, you know, some white coat because, you know, some white coat wearing doctor or scientist, you know, wearing doctor or scientist, you know, wearing doctor or scientist, you know, said, "Yes, energy is real and it's in said, "Yes, energy is real and it's in said, "Yes, energy is real and it's in your mitochondria." your mitochondria." your mitochondria." We know it to be real from first We know it to be real from first We know it to be real from first experience. experience. experience. Right? Because we we feel it. And then Right? Because we we feel it. And then Right? Because we we feel it. And then what science is telling us about how what science is telling us about how what science is telling us about how things work in our bodies, right? And things work in our bodies, right? And things work in our bodies, right? And about health and and disease and where about health and and disease and where about health and and disease and where diseases come from. So I had these diseases come from. So I had these diseases come from. So I had these questions. So I became a scientist questions. So I became a scientist questions. So I became a scientist to bridge those to bridge those to bridge those domains of of existence. domains of of existence. domains of of existence. The the science and the experience. Um The the science and the experience. Um The the science and the experience. Um so I've led a research group at Columbia so I've led a research group at Columbia so I've led a research group at Columbia University for 10 years University for 10 years University for 10 years and founded an institute to and founded an institute to and founded an institute to really build the systems and really build the systems and really build the systems and technologies to to help people grow, technologies to to help people grow, technologies to to help people grow, heal, and and and transform. heal, and and and transform. heal, and and and transform. >> You have a PhD in mitochondria. >> You have a PhD in mitochondria. >> You have a PhD in mitochondria. >> Yep. My PhD was in mitochondrial biology >> Yep. My PhD was in mitochondrial biology >> Yep. My PhD was in mitochondrial biology of aging. of aging. of aging. >> I mean, there's a an image here in front >> I mean, there's a an image here in front >> I mean, there's a an image here in front of me. Some people will just be of me. Some people will just be of me. Some people will just be listening, so we'll try and explain it listening, so we'll try and explain it listening, so we'll try and explain it for them, but there's an image here of a for them, but there's an image here of a for them, but there's an image here of a video. I'll play the video on screen video. I'll play the video on screen video. I'll play the video on screen now, and it kind of looks like a looks a now, and it kind of looks like a looks a now, and it kind of looks like a looks a little bit like an alien. But I I I read little bit like an alien. But I I I read little bit like an alien. But I I I read that this video that this video that this video was quite formative for you. What is was quite formative for you. What is was quite formative for you. What is that video, and why was that a formative that video, and why was that a formative that video, and why was that a formative moment in your career? moment in your career? moment in your career? >> I took this video in England in >> I took this video in England in >> I took this video in England in Newcastle upon Tyne in the north of Newcastle upon Tyne in the north of Newcastle upon Tyne in the north of England with my Geordie friends. England with my Geordie friends. England with my Geordie friends. The medical school there, I was a The medical school there, I was a The medical school there, I was a graduate student and went there for kind graduate student and went there for kind graduate student and went there for kind of an exchange, and this is the first of an exchange, and this is the first of an exchange, and this is the first time I saw mitochondria moving. time I saw mitochondria moving. time I saw mitochondria moving. I saw like the inner life of our cells. I saw like the inner life of our cells. I saw like the inner life of our cells. And when I saw this, And when I saw this, And when I saw this, something struck me as like, "Oh my god, something struck me as like, "Oh my god, something struck me as like, "Oh my god, I'm able to see this, right? And to see I'm able to see this, right? And to see I'm able to see this, right? And to see living mitochondria living mitochondria living mitochondria because of the mitochondria inside of because of the mitochondria inside of because of the mitochondria inside of me." me." me." >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> It's the energy that's flowing through >> It's the energy that's flowing through >> It's the energy that's flowing through my mitochondria in my eye, right? That's my mitochondria in my eye, right? That's my mitochondria in my eye, right? That's allowing me to perceive to see this. allowing me to perceive to see this. allowing me to perceive to see this. Mitochondria made multicellular life Mitochondria made multicellular life Mitochondria made multicellular life possible. They made our bodies possible, possible. They made our bodies possible, possible. They made our bodies possible, and and we might just be a vehicle for and and we might just be a vehicle for and and we might just be a vehicle for mitochondria to kind of propagate and mitochondria to kind of propagate and mitochondria to kind of propagate and keep on living. So, when I saw this, keep on living. So, when I saw this, keep on living. So, when I saw this, it's like, "This is mitochondria looking it's like, "This is mitochondria looking it's like, "This is mitochondria looking at mitochondria." at mitochondria." at mitochondria." >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> And then I was starting to understand >> And then I was starting to understand >> And then I was starting to understand that mitochondria do more than just that mitochondria do more than just that mitochondria do more than just transforming energy. What they're known transforming energy. What they're known transforming energy. What they're known for is they take the food you eat, and for is they take the food you eat, and for is they take the food you eat, and then they take the oxygen that you then they take the oxygen that you then they take the oxygen that you breathe in, and then those two things, breathe in, and then those two things, breathe in, and then those two things, the food, the oxygen, converge inside the food, the oxygen, converge inside the food, the oxygen, converge inside the mitochondria. And then something the mitochondria. And then something the mitochondria. And then something really special happens. The electrons really special happens. The electrons really special happens. The electrons that are stuck on food that were stuck that are stuck on food that were stuck that are stuck on food that were stuck together in a green leaf somewhere, together in a green leaf somewhere, together in a green leaf somewhere, right? Photosynthesis. What your right? Photosynthesis. What your right? Photosynthesis. What your mitochondria do is they they kind of mitochondria do is they they kind of mitochondria do is they they kind of unpack this, and they rip off the unpack this, and they rip off the unpack this, and they rip off the electrons one by one, and then they flow electrons one by one, and then they flow electrons one by one, and then they flow them like an electrical circuit. And them like an electrical circuit. And them like an electrical circuit. And that happens in the like the 5,000 that happens in the like the 5,000 that happens in the like the 5,000 trillion mitochondria that are in your trillion mitochondria that are in your trillion mitochondria that are in your body. body. body. And then when the electrons flow, they And then when the electrons flow, they And then when the electrons flow, they need to flow towards something. Just need to flow towards something. Just need to flow towards something. Just like an electrical circuit, electrons like an electrical circuit, electrons like an electrical circuit, electrons flow from one pole of the battery to the flow from one pole of the battery to the flow from one pole of the battery to the negative to to the other pole of the negative to to the other pole of the negative to to the other pole of the battery. battery. battery. Uh and that circuit is closed in the Uh and that circuit is closed in the Uh and that circuit is closed in the mitochondria. mitochondria. mitochondria. So that the electrons from the food you So that the electrons from the food you So that the electrons from the food you eat flow towards oxygen that you eat flow towards oxygen that you eat flow towards oxygen that you breathe, and then it becomes water. And breathe, and then it becomes water. And breathe, and then it becomes water. And and it's that and it's that and it's that vital flow of energy, electrons flowing vital flow of energy, electrons flowing vital flow of energy, electrons flowing towards oxygen, that allows us to be towards oxygen, that allows us to be towards oxygen, that allows us to be alive. And uh mitochondria do this, and alive. And uh mitochondria do this, and alive. And uh mitochondria do this, and then as they do this, they transform then as they do this, they transform then as they do this, they transform energy from food biochemistry into energy from food biochemistry into energy from food biochemistry into electricity and into signals and into electricity and into signals and into electricity and into signals and into heat. And the reason the body is warm is heat. And the reason the body is warm is heat. And the reason the body is warm is because the mitochondria, as they because the mitochondria, as they because the mitochondria, as they transform and flow electrons like a transform and flow electrons like a transform and flow electrons like a little energetic circuit, they release little energetic circuit, they release little energetic circuit, they release heat. So the the source of heat, right, heat. So the the source of heat, right, heat. So the the source of heat, right, that makes us warm, you shake someone's that makes us warm, you shake someone's that makes us warm, you shake someone's hand, you feel their warmth, you're hand, you feel their warmth, you're hand, you feel their warmth, you're feeling the warmth from their feeling the warmth from their feeling the warmth from their mitochondria. mitochondria. mitochondria. >> So is there a mitochondrion every single >> So is there a mitochondrion every single >> So is there a mitochondrion every single cell in my body? cell in my body? cell in my body? >> There's >> There's >> There's on average 1,000 mitochondria per cell. on average 1,000 mitochondria per cell. on average 1,000 mitochondria per cell. >> Per cell, there's a thousand >> Per cell, there's a thousand >> Per cell, there's a thousand mitochondria. So how many is there in my mitochondria. So how many is there in my mitochondria. So how many is there in my body? body? body? >> About 5,000 trillion. >> About 5,000 trillion. >> About 5,000 trillion. >> Who should care about the mitochondria >> Who should care about the mitochondria >> Who should care about the mitochondria and why should they care about it? and why should they care about it? and why should they care about it? >> Anyone who cares about their energy. >> Anyone who cares about their energy. >> Anyone who cares about their energy. Right? About having enough energy to do Right? About having enough energy to do Right? About having enough energy to do what they really care about. what they really care about. what they really care about. Uh Uh Uh >> [clears throat] >> [clears throat] >> [clears throat] >> we all care about different things. >> we all care about different things. >> we all care about different things. We're we're all gifted and talented for We're we're all gifted and talented for We're we're all gifted and talented for different things. Uh everyone has this, different things. Uh everyone has this, different things. Uh everyone has this, you know, unique authentic self that you know, unique authentic self that you know, unique authentic self that wants to come out. wants to come out. wants to come out. The only way for this to come out, and The only way for this to come out, and The only way for this to come out, and the only way for a person to flourish, the only way for a person to flourish, the only way for a person to flourish, is through energy. is through energy. is through energy. >> [clears throat] >> [clears throat] >> [clears throat] >> If there's no energy flowing through >> If there's no energy flowing through >> If there's no energy flowing through your body, you're dead. Right? And if your body, you're dead. Right? And if your body, you're dead. Right? And if the energy doesn't flow efficiently, the energy doesn't flow efficiently, the energy doesn't flow efficiently, right, and smoothly through you as an right, and smoothly through you as an right, and smoothly through you as an organism, then organism, then organism, then life feels hard. Like you you're not at life feels hard. Like you you're not at life feels hard. Like you you're not at your best. You feel tired. Uh and and your best. You feel tired. Uh and and your best. You feel tired. Uh and and you feel like you feel like you feel like you know, maybe it's not worth it. You you know, maybe it's not worth it. You you know, maybe it's not worth it. You know, when you're sick and your immune know, when you're sick and your immune know, when you're sick and your immune system is like draining all all your system is like draining all all your system is like draining all all your energy, it's really hard to be energy, it's really hard to be energy, it's really hard to be optimistic and it's hard to be a good optimistic and it's hard to be a good optimistic and it's hard to be a good person and it's hard to be a good dad. person and it's hard to be a good dad. person and it's hard to be a good dad. And it's hard to want to do good for the And it's hard to want to do good for the And it's hard to want to do good for the world if you're struggling with energy. world if you're struggling with energy. world if you're struggling with energy. >> Do you know what it is? So many of us >> Do you know what it is? So many of us >> Do you know what it is? So many of us think that think that think that that just is what it is and that we can that just is what it is and that we can that just is what it is and that we can do nothing about that. do nothing about that. do nothing about that. You know, we we breathe in, we eat food You know, we we breathe in, we eat food You know, we we breathe in, we eat food and then how we feel is kind of and then how we feel is kind of and then how we feel is kind of roulette. roulette. roulette. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> There's this certain, I think, feeling a >> There's this certain, I think, feeling a >> There's this certain, I think, feeling a lot of us have that we can't really lot of us have that we can't really lot of us have that we can't really control that much. control that much. control that much. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Where do we need to start to understand? >> Where do we need to start to understand? >> Where do we need to start to understand? Cuz the outcome I want from this Cuz the outcome I want from this Cuz the outcome I want from this conversation is I want to live my life conversation is I want to live my life conversation is I want to live my life with more energy to do the things that I with more energy to do the things that I with more energy to do the things that I want to do. And I imagine the people want to do. And I imagine the people want to do. And I imagine the people that are listening also feel the same that are listening also feel the same that are listening also feel the same way. So, where does one have to start? way. So, where does one have to start? way. So, where does one have to start? I'd like to understand the basics and I'd like to understand the basics and I'd like to understand the basics and then move to the actionable stuff, like then move to the actionable stuff, like then move to the actionable stuff, like things I can do so that I live my life things I can do so that I live my life things I can do so that I live my life full of energy. full of energy. full of energy. >> Yeah. So, there there are three things >> Yeah. So, there there are three things >> Yeah. So, there there are three things that are really foundational to how that are really foundational to how that are really foundational to how energy works in the human body. One is energy works in the human body. One is energy works in the human body. One is that you are the energy that's flowing that you are the energy that's flowing that you are the energy that's flowing through this body. through this body. through this body. >> I am the energy that's flowing through >> I am the energy that's flowing through >> I am the energy that's flowing through my body. my body. my body. >> Yes. >> Yes. >> Yes. >> So, I'm not my body. >> So, I'm not my body. >> So, I'm not my body. >> You're not your body. >> You're not your body. >> You're not your body. >> Okay, I'm the energy flowing through it. >> Okay, I'm the energy flowing through it. >> Okay, I'm the energy flowing through it. >> You, Stephen, >> You, Stephen, >> You, Stephen, >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> this expression now that I'm getting to >> this expression now that I'm getting to >> this expression now that I'm getting to experience, thank you. experience, thank you. experience, thank you. >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> This expression is an expression of the >> This expression is an expression of the >> This expression is an expression of the flow of energy. flow of energy. flow of energy. If there was no energy flowing through If there was no energy flowing through If there was no energy flowing through your body, through your heart, through your body, through your heart, through your body, through your heart, through your brain, like you wouldn't be, right? your brain, like you wouldn't be, right? your brain, like you wouldn't be, right? You'd be a cadaver and we'd say that You'd be a cadaver and we'd say that You'd be a cadaver and we'd say that Stephen is gone, you know. Stephen is gone, you know. Stephen is gone, you know. >> body. >> body. >> body. >> Yeah, you'd be a dead body. The >> Yeah, you'd be a dead body. The >> Yeah, you'd be a dead body. The difference between a dead body, a difference between a dead body, a difference between a dead body, a cadaver, and a living, thinking, cadaver, and a living, thinking, cadaver, and a living, thinking, feeling, conscious person, who cares, is feeling, conscious person, who cares, is feeling, conscious person, who cares, is the flow of energy. the flow of energy. the flow of energy. >> Okay. >> Okay. >> Okay. >> You you get so indoctrinated in this >> You you get so indoctrinated in this >> You you get so indoctrinated in this worldview that the only thing that's worldview that the only thing that's worldview that the only thing that's real is the physical stuff. real is the physical stuff. real is the physical stuff. And you know, the nucle- the the genes And you know, the nucle- the the genes And you know, the nucle- the the genes that you that you got from your parents that you that you got from your parents that you that you got from your parents and the body the physical body and and the body the physical body and and the body the physical body and that's the real stuff. What you can't that's the real stuff. What you can't that's the real stuff. What you can't see with your eyes, not real. see with your eyes, not real. see with your eyes, not real. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Right? I think that's a reframe that's >> Right? I think that's a reframe that's >> Right? I think that's a reframe that's kind of a a bigger picture mindset shift kind of a a bigger picture mindset shift kind of a a bigger picture mindset shift that we need to and and scientists that we need to and and scientists that we need to and and scientists struggle with. So, number one is you are struggle with. So, number one is you are struggle with. So, number one is you are the energy that flows and transforms uh the energy that flows and transforms uh the energy that flows and transforms uh through this body. Number two is through this body. Number two is through this body. Number two is there's a fixed energy budget. there's a fixed energy budget. there's a fixed energy budget. Right? All of us have a fairly fixed Right? All of us have a fairly fixed Right? All of us have a fairly fixed energy budget to deal with. And and for energy budget to deal with. And and for energy budget to deal with. And and for example, if you want to have more energy example, if you want to have more energy example, if you want to have more energy to do more podcasts, to write more to do more podcasts, to write more to do more podcasts, to write more articles, to uh you know, be more articles, to uh you know, be more articles, to uh you know, be more creative, the solution is not eating creative, the solution is not eating creative, the solution is not eating more. more. more. Because there's this fixed energy Because there's this fixed energy Because there's this fixed energy budget. And if you overload the system, budget. And if you overload the system, budget. And if you overload the system, you feed it too much food, especially you feed it too much food, especially you feed it too much food, especially too much sugar, it's really hard on the too much sugar, it's really hard on the too much sugar, it's really hard on the system. And then the system, like an system. And then the system, like an system. And then the system, like an electrical system, you jack up the electrical system, you jack up the electrical system, you jack up the voltage, right? And then the system voltage, right? And then the system voltage, right? And then the system starts to overheat. starts to overheat. starts to overheat. Uh so, inflammation is this this Uh so, inflammation is this this Uh so, inflammation is this this overheating. There's too much energy in overheating. There's too much energy in overheating. There's too much energy in the system. And the system. And the system. And uh or the cells are are burning too much uh or the cells are are burning too much uh or the cells are are burning too much energy, and they need to kind of tell energy, and they need to kind of tell energy, and they need to kind of tell other cells that's other cells that's other cells that's and those signals we call inflammation and those signals we call inflammation and those signals we call inflammation cytokines. cytokines. cytokines. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> So, there's a fixed energy budget that >> So, there's a fixed energy budget that >> So, there's a fixed energy budget that you have to deal with. And over time, you have to deal with. And over time, you have to deal with. And over time, the organism does a lot of of uh the organism does a lot of of uh the organism does a lot of of uh finessing and adapting to kind of try to finessing and adapting to kind of try to finessing and adapting to kind of try to preserve this energy budget. preserve this energy budget. preserve this energy budget. >> And that's somewhat linked to stress, I >> And that's somewhat linked to stress, I >> And that's somewhat linked to stress, I guess, which is from I read your work guess, which is from I read your work guess, which is from I read your work and it talked about how stress was and it talked about how stress was and it talked about how stress was basically just like an overconsumption basically just like an overconsumption basically just like an overconsumption of energy. It's It's requiring loads and of energy. It's It's requiring loads and of energy. It's It's requiring loads and loads and loads of energy. loads and loads of energy. loads and loads of energy. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Okay, we'll talk about that, too, then, >> Okay, we'll talk about that, too, then, >> Okay, we'll talk about that, too, then, cuz I think stress is a really important cuz I think stress is a really important cuz I think stress is a really important one. What's the third? one. What's the third? one. What's the third? >> The third one is >> The third one is >> The third one is life is resistance. life is resistance. life is resistance. In order to be alive, in order to to In order to be alive, in order to to In order to be alive, in order to to grow, to learn, grow, to learn, grow, to learn, uh to transform, right? Change your uh to transform, right? Change your uh to transform, right? Change your views. views. views. You need resistance to go through some You need resistance to go through some You need resistance to go through some resistance. resistance. resistance. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> [clears throat] >> [clears throat] >> [clears throat] >> You need energy to go through some >> You need energy to go through some >> You need energy to go through some resistance. Right? If energy just flows resistance. Right? If energy just flows resistance. Right? If energy just flows and there's no zero resistance, then and there's no zero resistance, then and there's no zero resistance, then there's no possible transformation. there's no possible transformation. there's no possible transformation. So, if life was always easy So, if life was always easy So, if life was always easy >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> and you never faced any challenge, any >> and you never faced any challenge, any >> and you never faced any challenge, any stress in your life, then you would just stress in your life, then you would just stress in your life, then you would just remain as is, right? And and it would be remain as is, right? And and it would be remain as is, right? And and it would be very boring. And from first principles very boring. And from first principles very boring. And from first principles physics, like we know this to be true, physics, like we know this to be true, physics, like we know this to be true, you know, at a number of levels. But, you know, at a number of levels. But, you know, at a number of levels. But, for example, the sun, this beautiful for example, the sun, this beautiful for example, the sun, this beautiful nuclear reactor in the sky, nuclear reactor in the sky, nuclear reactor in the sky, shoots energy, right? As photons. So, shoots energy, right? As photons. So, shoots energy, right? As photons. So, light is a form of energy. And as long light is a form of energy. And as long light is a form of energy. And as long as light, you know, as light, you know, as light, you know, just goes and and photons travels in just goes and and photons travels in just goes and and photons travels in outer space, photon will remain photon. outer space, photon will remain photon. outer space, photon will remain photon. Light energy will remain light energy Light energy will remain light energy Light energy will remain light energy until [clears throat] that light energy until [clears throat] that light energy until [clears throat] that light energy hits a green leaf, hits a green leaf, hits a green leaf, right? And the green leaf basically right? And the green leaf basically right? And the green leaf basically breaks or stops the photon in its path. breaks or stops the photon in its path. breaks or stops the photon in its path. So, it's it offers a constraint, right? So, it's it offers a constraint, right? So, it's it offers a constraint, right? It offers resistance. It offers resistance. It offers resistance. So, when light energy faces resistance, So, when light energy faces resistance, So, when light energy faces resistance, now it can be converted. And that's the now it can be converted. And that's the now it can be converted. And that's the basis of making food. That's how nature basis of making food. That's how nature basis of making food. That's how nature makes food. makes food. makes food. It crystallizes energy from sunlight It crystallizes energy from sunlight It crystallizes energy from sunlight into molecules. Life, you know, plants into molecules. Life, you know, plants into molecules. Life, you know, plants crystallize light energy into crystallize light energy into crystallize light energy into carbohydrates. carbohydrates. carbohydrates. And then those are transformed into the And then those are transformed into the And then those are transformed into the different kinds of food that we eat. We different kinds of food that we eat. We different kinds of food that we eat. We need resistance for energy to trans- need resistance for energy to trans- need resistance for energy to trans- form into something meaningful. form into something meaningful. form into something meaningful. >> has the mitochondria got to do with all >> has the mitochondria got to do with all >> has the mitochondria got to do with all of this? of this? of this? >> Mitochondria are basically little >> Mitochondria are basically little >> Mitochondria are basically little resistors, right? And and they are what resistors, right? And and they are what resistors, right? And and they are what allows the flow of energy through the allows the flow of energy through the allows the flow of energy through the system. system. system. >> Have you got a picture of Okay, here we >> Have you got a picture of Okay, here we >> Have you got a picture of Okay, here we go. go. go. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Okay, so this is a an image of a >> Okay, so this is a an image of a >> Okay, so this is a an image of a mitochondria. A mitochondrion o n is a mitochondria. A mitochondrion o n is a mitochondria. A mitochondrion o n is a singular. Okay. singular. Okay. singular. Okay. >> is plural. Yeah. So, this is a >> is plural. Yeah. So, this is a >> is plural. Yeah. So, this is a mitochondrion and there's about a mitochondrion and there's about a mitochondrion and there's about a thousand of these in each of your cells. thousand of these in each of your cells. thousand of these in each of your cells. >> Okay. >> Okay. >> Okay. >> And there's about 5 trillion cells in >> And there's about 5 trillion cells in >> And there's about 5 trillion cells in your body uh that have a nucleus and your body uh that have a nucleus and your body uh that have a nucleus and that have these beautiful mitochondria. that have these beautiful mitochondria. that have these beautiful mitochondria. And what you see here, these little And what you see here, these little And what you see here, these little wings, these are called cristae. wings, these are called cristae. wings, these are called cristae. And the cristae is where the food you And the cristae is where the food you And the cristae is where the food you eat end up and where the oxygen you eat end up and where the oxygen you eat end up and where the oxygen you breathe end up as well. So, this is breathe end up as well. So, this is breathe end up as well. So, this is where the electrons are flowing. There's where the electrons are flowing. There's where the electrons are flowing. There's like little electrical circuits here. like little electrical circuits here. like little electrical circuits here. And as the electrons are flowing, the And as the electrons are flowing, the And as the electrons are flowing, the mitochondria become charged like little mitochondria become charged like little mitochondria become charged like little batteries. So, effectively a batteries. So, effectively a batteries. So, effectively a mitochondrion like this has all of these mitochondrion like this has all of these mitochondrion like this has all of these sites of oxygen consumption and and food sites of oxygen consumption and and food sites of oxygen consumption and and food consumption and then that gets consumption and then that gets consumption and then that gets transformed transformed transformed into a little charge battery. And once into a little charge battery. And once into a little charge battery. And once the battery is charged, the battery is charged, the battery is charged, the mitochondria can use that charge to the mitochondria can use that charge to the mitochondria can use that charge to make ATP, adenosine triphosphate, which make ATP, adenosine triphosphate, which make ATP, adenosine triphosphate, which is kind of the the cellular energy is kind of the the cellular energy is kind of the the cellular energy currency. If a cell wants to contract, currency. If a cell wants to contract, currency. If a cell wants to contract, right, a muscle cell wants to contract right, a muscle cell wants to contract right, a muscle cell wants to contract in the gym, it needs ATP. So, it calls in the gym, it needs ATP. So, it calls in the gym, it needs ATP. So, it calls upon the mitochondria, it says, "I need upon the mitochondria, it says, "I need upon the mitochondria, it says, "I need ATP." And then the mitochondria gets to ATP." And then the mitochondria gets to ATP." And then the mitochondria gets to work and then flows electrons, consumes work and then flows electrons, consumes work and then flows electrons, consumes some food, burns some oxygen, that's why some food, burns some oxygen, that's why some food, burns some oxygen, that's why you get out of breath. All right, so you get out of breath. All right, so you get out of breath. All right, so when you get out of breath it's because when you get out of breath it's because when you get out of breath it's because the mitochondria are using the oxygen the mitochondria are using the oxygen the mitochondria are using the oxygen and calling for more oxygen. What we've and calling for more oxygen. What we've and calling for more oxygen. What we've been discovering is that mitochondria do been discovering is that mitochondria do been discovering is that mitochondria do a lot more than just making ATP. a lot more than just making ATP. a lot more than just making ATP. >> Okay. >> Okay. >> Okay. >> They use their their energized state to >> They use their their energized state to >> They use their their energized state to produce signals, produce signals, produce signals, to receive information and then to to receive information and then to to receive information and then to produce signals. produce signals. produce signals. >> Oh, so they're talking to each other. >> Oh, so they're talking to each other. >> Oh, so they're talking to each other. >> They're talking to each other. >> They're talking to each other. >> They're talking to each other. >> And what are they saying? >> And what are they saying? >> And what are they saying? >> They're they're it's a whole collective >> They're they're it's a whole collective >> They're they're it's a whole collective and and they're talking to each other, and and they're talking to each other, and and they're talking to each other, kind of monitoring what's happening not kind of monitoring what's happening not kind of monitoring what's happening not only inside the cell but outside the only inside the cell but outside the only inside the cell but outside the cell. So, on the surface of cell. So, on the surface of cell. So, on the surface of mitochondria, all along there are little mitochondria, all along there are little mitochondria, all along there are little receptors for all sorts of signals that receptors for all sorts of signals that receptors for all sorts of signals that tells this mitochondrion, is there tells this mitochondrion, is there tells this mitochondrion, is there enough energy? Is there are we running enough energy? Is there are we running enough energy? Is there are we running out of energy? Is there a stress hormone out of energy? Is there a stress hormone out of energy? Is there a stress hormone here? Should we be getting ready for, here? Should we be getting ready for, here? Should we be getting ready for, you know, something dangerous? you know, something dangerous? you know, something dangerous? So, mitochondria are like like a little So, mitochondria are like like a little So, mitochondria are like like a little distributed brain. distributed brain. distributed brain. Right? So, they're like the Right? So, they're like the Right? So, they're like the intracellular brain. intracellular brain. intracellular brain. >> Am I right in thinking that they used to >> Am I right in thinking that they used to >> Am I right in thinking that they used to be bacteria? be bacteria? be bacteria? >> They are. Yeah, they did Yeah. >> They are. Yeah, they did Yeah. >> They are. Yeah, they did Yeah. >> What what is that story? >> What what is that story? >> What what is that story? >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> Cuz I think someone said that to me >> Cuz I think someone said that to me >> Cuz I think someone said that to me before on the show that our mitochondria before on the show that our mitochondria before on the show that our mitochondria are actually bacteria that from are actually bacteria that from are actually bacteria that from prehistoric times or something. prehistoric times or something. prehistoric times or something. >> So, the story is about 1.5 billion years >> So, the story is about 1.5 billion years >> So, the story is about 1.5 billion years ago ago ago that there was two different types of that there was two different types of that there was two different types of bacteria. bacteria. bacteria. One type was able to use oxygen One type was able to use oxygen One type was able to use oxygen to transform energy, right? So, it could to transform energy, right? So, it could to transform energy, right? So, it could fuel along oxygen and and other food fuel along oxygen and and other food fuel along oxygen and and other food substrates. The other type could not. It substrates. The other type could not. It substrates. The other type could not. It was anaerobic. was anaerobic. was anaerobic. And the anaerobic bacterium was probably And the anaerobic bacterium was probably And the anaerobic bacterium was probably a little bigger and it had like a a few a little bigger and it had like a a few a little bigger and it had like a a few more genes, more genes, more genes, um and it could only ferment its food um and it could only ferment its food um and it could only ferment its food and kind of fermenting the food, and kind of fermenting the food, and kind of fermenting the food, spitting out, you know, like lactate or spitting out, you know, like lactate or spitting out, you know, like lactate or like yeast does. And what happened is like yeast does. And what happened is like yeast does. And what happened is the big one either engulfed the small the big one either engulfed the small the big one either engulfed the small one, one, one, right? Or maybe the small one kind of right? Or maybe the small one kind of right? Or maybe the small one kind of infiltrated, colonized the big one. And infiltrated, colonized the big one. And infiltrated, colonized the big one. And the story goes uh that this basically the story goes uh that this basically the story goes uh that this basically gave a whole bunch more energy to the gave a whole bunch more energy to the gave a whole bunch more energy to the big cell. big cell. big cell. That's one perspective. And then with That's one perspective. And then with That's one perspective. And then with more energy, what can you do? You can more energy, what can you do? You can more energy, what can you do? You can evolve more complexity. evolve more complexity. evolve more complexity. The version I I favor, based on the The version I I favor, based on the The version I I favor, based on the evidence we have, is that when evidence we have, is that when evidence we have, is that when mitochondria came in and then they they mitochondria came in and then they they mitochondria came in and then they they there was this new structure, this there was this new structure, this there was this new structure, this symbiotic relationship, mitochondria symbiotic relationship, mitochondria symbiotic relationship, mitochondria basically gave the ability of the cell basically gave the ability of the cell basically gave the ability of the cell to perceive the environment in a to perceive the environment in a to perceive the environment in a different way and to compute information different way and to compute information different way and to compute information in a different way. So, in a different way. So, in a different way. So, maybe the the the coming of of maybe the the the coming of of maybe the the the coming of of mitochondria into this big cell mitochondria into this big cell mitochondria into this big cell made the big cell social. Because before made the big cell social. Because before made the big cell social. Because before this event, most of the evidence says this event, most of the evidence says this event, most of the evidence says that cells were asocial. They were that cells were asocial. They were that cells were asocial. They were little bacteria foraging for for for little bacteria foraging for for for little bacteria foraging for for for themselves and you know, kind of themselves and you know, kind of themselves and you know, kind of operating from a very selfish operating from a very selfish operating from a very selfish uh perspective. Just trying to uh perspective. Just trying to uh perspective. Just trying to replicate, you know, just trying to replicate, you know, just trying to replicate, you know, just trying to survive. When mitochondria came in, it survive. When mitochondria came in, it survive. When mitochondria came in, it like gave those cells a different view like gave those cells a different view like gave those cells a different view on life. And they're like, "Ooh, we on life. And they're like, "Ooh, we on life. And they're like, "Ooh, we could work together. How about you could work together. How about you could work together. How about you become a cell that gets energy, right? become a cell that gets energy, right? become a cell that gets energy, right? And I become a cell that uh moves, And I become a cell that uh moves, And I become a cell that uh moves, right? So then you're the gut and I'm right? So then you're the gut and I'm right? So then you're the gut and I'm going to be the muscle." going to be the muscle." going to be the muscle." And and then then together those two And and then then together those two And and then then together those two cells can do a lot more, right? cells can do a lot more, right? cells can do a lot more, right? >> And fast forward a couple billion years >> And fast forward a couple billion years >> And fast forward a couple billion years and here we are. and here we are. and here we are. >> Here we are, yeah. And and that led to, >> Here we are, yeah. And and that led to, >> Here we are, yeah. And and that led to, you know, bodies with organs, you know, you know, bodies with organs, you know, you know, bodies with organs, you know, the liver feeds the rest of the body, the liver feeds the rest of the body, the liver feeds the rest of the body, the heart keeps things flowing, the the heart keeps things flowing, the the heart keeps things flowing, the brain kind of computes and and plans. Uh brain kind of computes and and plans. Uh brain kind of computes and and plans. Uh so that's division of labor. It's uh and so that's division of labor. It's uh and so that's division of labor. It's uh and it started with the mitochondria. it started with the mitochondria. it started with the mitochondria. >> You you talked about energy resistance. >> You you talked about energy resistance. >> You you talked about energy resistance. I've heard you say that most diseases or I've heard you say that most diseases or I've heard you say that most diseases or disorders can be explained by disorders can be explained by disorders can be explained by understanding energy resistance. understanding energy resistance. understanding energy resistance. Give me a a disease that's linked to Give me a a disease that's linked to Give me a a disease that's linked to energy resistance. energy resistance. energy resistance. >> The clearest is >> The clearest is >> The clearest is what we call insulin resistance or what we call insulin resistance or what we call insulin resistance or diabetes. diabetes. diabetes. Right? Diabetes affects millions in the Right? Diabetes affects millions in the Right? Diabetes affects millions in the world. Fundamentally, diabetes is a world. Fundamentally, diabetes is a world. Fundamentally, diabetes is a disease of energy resistance. Uh so, if disease of energy resistance. Uh so, if disease of energy resistance. Uh so, if your resistance is too high your resistance is too high your resistance is too high >> Because >> Because >> Because >> Because you have >> Because you have >> Because you have um um um too much energy pushed onto the system. too much energy pushed onto the system. too much energy pushed onto the system. >> Sugar, too much sugar, glucose. >> Sugar, too much sugar, glucose. >> Sugar, too much sugar, glucose. >> Yeah, exactly. Or if the mitochondria >> Yeah, exactly. Or if the mitochondria >> Yeah, exactly. Or if the mitochondria are impaired, right? They can't flow are impaired, right? They can't flow are impaired, right? They can't flow energy, then the the the the energy is energy, then the the the the energy is energy, then the the the the energy is kind of stuck. It faces kind of stuck. It faces kind of stuck. It faces greater constraints. Like it wants to go greater constraints. Like it wants to go greater constraints. Like it wants to go in that direction, but then there's a in that direction, but then there's a in that direction, but then there's a barrier and then another barrier, barrier and then another barrier, barrier and then another barrier, another barrier. It's like water another barrier. It's like water another barrier. It's like water flowing, right? Nice and and and and and flowing, right? Nice and and and and and flowing, right? Nice and and and and and smooth, and then there's like a dam. smooth, and then there's like a dam. smooth, and then there's like a dam. Right? And if the dam has zero Right? And if the dam has zero Right? And if the dam has zero um openings, right? Then the the the um openings, right? Then the the the um openings, right? Then the the the water accumulates and then there's high water accumulates and then there's high water accumulates and then there's high pressure. And then at some point, the pressure. And then at some point, the pressure. And then at some point, the the water accumulates and ends up the water accumulates and ends up the water accumulates and ends up flooding the the landscape and then flooding the the landscape and then flooding the the landscape and then damaging things. So, it's a bit of like damaging things. So, it's a bit of like damaging things. So, it's a bit of like the same thing. If now you open the same thing. If now you open the same thing. If now you open floodgates on the dam, right? Then then floodgates on the dam, right? Then then floodgates on the dam, right? Then then you can use that energy to make you can use that energy to make you can use that energy to make electricity, for example. You use the electricity, for example. You use the electricity, for example. You use the the movement of the water to transform the movement of the water to transform the movement of the water to transform this into electricity. That's basically this into electricity. That's basically this into electricity. That's basically what the mitochondria do. what the mitochondria do. what the mitochondria do. Uh and if you move and you're physically Uh and if you move and you're physically Uh and if you move and you're physically active, now the flow of energy through active, now the flow of energy through active, now the flow of energy through the mitochondria can transform into the mitochondria can transform into the mitochondria can transform into work, right? Into speed, into work, right? Into speed, into work, right? Into speed, into uh movement, right? Into lifting. uh movement, right? Into lifting. uh movement, right? Into lifting. >> Is this linked to cancer at all? Because >> Is this linked to cancer at all? Because >> Is this linked to cancer at all? Because it sounds I mean, I don't know much it sounds I mean, I don't know much it sounds I mean, I don't know much about cancer, but about cancer, but about cancer, but cells dividing out of um control cells dividing out of um control cells dividing out of um control seemingly randomly seemingly randomly seemingly randomly >> Yeah. I think that there's a very good >> Yeah. I think that there's a very good >> Yeah. I think that there's a very good chance, if you look at the biology of chance, if you look at the biology of chance, if you look at the biology of cancer and what scientists call the cancer and what scientists call the cancer and what scientists call the hallmarks of cancer there's like a hallmarks of cancer there's like a hallmarks of cancer there's like a a 10-item flywheel of these are the core a 10-item flywheel of these are the core a 10-item flywheel of these are the core features of of cancer. Uh all of those features of of cancer. Uh all of those features of of cancer. Uh all of those features have some relationship, some features have some relationship, some features have some relationship, some very direct, with increased energy very direct, with increased energy very direct, with increased energy resistance. Right? So, if energy can't resistance. Right? So, if energy can't resistance. Right? So, if energy can't flow smoothly and a cell flow smoothly and a cell flow smoothly and a cell uh is, you know, burning too much energy uh is, you know, burning too much energy uh is, you know, burning too much energy and it and it doesn't flow energy and it and it doesn't flow energy and it and it doesn't flow energy through the mitochondria, which is what through the mitochondria, which is what through the mitochondria, which is what cancer cells do. Cancer cells ditch cancer cells do. Cancer cells ditch cancer cells do. Cancer cells ditch their mitochondria and they revert back their mitochondria and they revert back their mitochondria and they revert back to this ancestral, you know, cell that to this ancestral, you know, cell that to this ancestral, you know, cell that didn't have mitochondria. It was didn't have mitochondria. It was didn't have mitochondria. It was anaerobic. It was spitting out lactate. anaerobic. It was spitting out lactate. anaerobic. It was spitting out lactate. And we don't really know why cells do And we don't really know why cells do And we don't really know why cells do this. It's called the Warburg effect. this. It's called the Warburg effect. this. It's called the Warburg effect. And the Warburg effect is when a cell, And the Warburg effect is when a cell, And the Warburg effect is when a cell, in the presence of oxygen, right? If it in the presence of oxygen, right? If it in the presence of oxygen, right? If it wanted, it could use oxygen, flow wanted, it could use oxygen, flow wanted, it could use oxygen, flow electrons through mitochondria, and electrons through mitochondria, and electrons through mitochondria, and transform energy, and and live a nice transform energy, and and live a nice transform energy, and and live a nice social life, uh like every cell in in social life, uh like every cell in in social life, uh like every cell in in this this this social collective does in the body. social collective does in the body. social collective does in the body. Uh what cancer cells do is they say, Uh what cancer cells do is they say, Uh what cancer cells do is they say, "I'm not going to use my mitochondria, "I'm not going to use my mitochondria, "I'm not going to use my mitochondria, even if there's oxygen, even if my even if there's oxygen, even if my even if there's oxygen, even if my mitochondria can respire." And by doing mitochondria can respire." And by doing mitochondria can respire." And by doing this, this, this, it seems like cancer cells revert back it seems like cancer cells revert back it seems like cancer cells revert back to this ancestral to this ancestral to this ancestral cell, right? That that just cell, right? That that just cell, right? That that just cares about itself. cares about itself. cares about itself. >> So, an antisocial cell. >> So, an antisocial cell. >> So, an antisocial cell. >> Yeah. Then the the the organism will in >> Yeah. Then the the the organism will in >> Yeah. Then the the the organism will in the tumor will try to make more blood the tumor will try to make more blood the tumor will try to make more blood vessels around it. Right, it's called vessels around it. Right, it's called vessels around it. Right, it's called angiogenesis. So, it's like the the angiogenesis. So, it's like the the angiogenesis. So, it's like the the cancer cell trying to decrease energy cancer cell trying to decrease energy cancer cell trying to decrease energy resistance. It says, "Bring me more resistance. It says, "Bring me more resistance. It says, "Bring me more oxygen." oxygen." oxygen." >> So, it's kind of like there's this sort >> So, it's kind of like there's this sort >> So, it's kind of like there's this sort of alien all of a sudden that decides it of alien all of a sudden that decides it of alien all of a sudden that decides it no longer wants to work with the rest of no longer wants to work with the rest of no longer wants to work with the rest of the organism, and that it's going to be the organism, and that it's going to be the organism, and that it's going to be selfish, and demand more and more selfish, and demand more and more selfish, and demand more and more resources for itself. resources for itself. resources for itself. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> And it multiplies itself Yeah. With >> And it multiplies itself Yeah. With >> And it multiplies itself Yeah. With equally selfish little aliens? equally selfish little aliens? equally selfish little aliens? >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> And then the body responds by >> And then the body responds by >> And then the body responds by listening to it and giving it more listening to it and giving it more listening to it and giving it more resources? Is that what you're saying? resources? Is that what you're saying? resources? Is that what you're saying? >> Why do the blood vessels surround the >> Why do the blood vessels surround the >> Why do the blood vessels surround the cancer? cancer? cancer? >> Yeah, it's like it's the cancer calling >> Yeah, it's like it's the cancer calling >> Yeah, it's like it's the cancer calling for, you know, more energy. for, you know, more energy. for, you know, more energy. >> Okay. >> Okay. >> Okay. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. So, energy resistance is the product of So, energy resistance is the product of So, energy resistance is the product of two things. Is how much energy is being two things. Is how much energy is being two things. Is how much energy is being demanded, right? Like how much power is demanded, right? Like how much power is demanded, right? Like how much power is being deployed in in the in the tumor, being deployed in in the in the tumor, being deployed in in the in the tumor, for example, or in the working muscle. for example, or in the working muscle. for example, or in the working muscle. Uh and then how much energy is can flow Uh and then how much energy is can flow Uh and then how much energy is can flow through the system. It's like the through the system. It's like the through the system. It's like the equivalent of current in an electrical equivalent of current in an electrical equivalent of current in an electrical system. So, if there's a lot of demand, system. So, if there's a lot of demand, system. So, if there's a lot of demand, right, a lot of power is being generated right, a lot of power is being generated right, a lot of power is being generated or a lot of activity is happening like or a lot of activity is happening like or a lot of activity is happening like in a cancer cell, but there's not enough in a cancer cell, but there's not enough in a cancer cell, but there's not enough flow to to to to support that activity, flow to to to to support that activity, flow to to to to support that activity, then that increases resistance. then that increases resistance. then that increases resistance. >> So, is there any understanding as to how >> So, is there any understanding as to how >> So, is there any understanding as to how those kind of cancers are caused? Like, those kind of cancers are caused? Like, those kind of cancers are caused? Like, what what causes that moment where, you what what causes that moment where, you what what causes that moment where, you know, you talked about the Warburg know, you talked about the Warburg know, you talked about the Warburg effect? What causes that? effect? What causes that? effect? What causes that? >> The cancer community used to think that >> The cancer community used to think that >> The cancer community used to think that dominant driver for cancer was genetic dominant driver for cancer was genetic dominant driver for cancer was genetic mutations, but there's an emerging mutations, but there's an emerging mutations, but there's an emerging perspective that changes in metabolism, perspective that changes in metabolism, perspective that changes in metabolism, changes in the way electrons flow changes in the way electrons flow changes in the way electrons flow through through this energetic through through this energetic through through this energetic circuitry, through the mitochondria, can circuitry, through the mitochondria, can circuitry, through the mitochondria, can actually drive the actually drive the actually drive the instance of a of a new cancer cell. And instance of a of a new cancer cell. And instance of a of a new cancer cell. And then when it a cell becomes cancerous, then when it a cell becomes cancerous, then when it a cell becomes cancerous, ditches its its mitochondria, it goes ditches its its mitochondria, it goes ditches its its mitochondria, it goes back to this selfish state, and then it back to this selfish state, and then it back to this selfish state, and then it makes more of itself. makes more of itself. makes more of itself. >> And it tries not to die. Explain that >> And it tries not to die. Explain that >> And it tries not to die. Explain that part to me cuz I was reading about how part to me cuz I was reading about how part to me cuz I was reading about how cancer cells try to evade death. cancer cells try to evade death. cancer cells try to evade death. >> Yeah, the best way to think about this, >> Yeah, the best way to think about this, >> Yeah, the best way to think about this, I think, is as a a social collective, I think, is as a a social collective, I think, is as a a social collective, right? Every cell in this organism right? Every cell in this organism right? Every cell in this organism cares about the same thing, which is cares about the same thing, which is cares about the same thing, which is pres- preserving the the life and and pres- preserving the the life and and pres- preserving the the life and and the health of the whole being, right? the health of the whole being, right? the health of the whole being, right? So, [clears throat] every cell in in So, [clears throat] every cell in in So, [clears throat] every cell in in this body is in a social contract with this body is in a social contract with this body is in a social contract with every other cell. every other cell. every other cell. Right? Right? Right? A cancer cell basically A cancer cell basically A cancer cell basically gets out of this agreement and says, gets out of this agreement and says, gets out of this agreement and says, "No, no, I'm going to fare for myself. "No, no, I'm going to fare for myself. "No, no, I'm going to fare for myself. I'm going to take all the energy I can I'm going to take all the energy I can I'm going to take all the energy I can and I'm going to make more of myself and and I'm going to make more of myself and and I'm going to make more of myself and it it goes into, you know, bacterial it it goes into, you know, bacterial it it goes into, you know, bacterial mode." That happens mode." That happens mode." That happens sometimes because of mutations and it sometimes because of mutations and it sometimes because of mutations and it seems like there there other causes of seems like there there other causes of seems like there there other causes of this. Like, for example, hyperglycemia. this. Like, for example, hyperglycemia. this. Like, for example, hyperglycemia. >> What's that? >> What's that? >> What's that? >> High blood glucose. >> High blood glucose. >> High blood glucose. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Right? >> Right? >> Right? Diabetes Diabetes Diabetes is a major risk factor for developing is a major risk factor for developing is a major risk factor for developing cancer. cancer. cancer. Why is that? Why is that? Why is that? I don't think there there are good I don't think there there are good I don't think there there are good explanations out there based on like the explanations out there based on like the explanations out there based on like the molecular framework of of disease and molecular framework of of disease and molecular framework of of disease and you know the the genetic you know the the genetic you know the the genetic mutation perspective. mutation perspective. mutation perspective. If you look at cancer from an an If you look at cancer from an an If you look at cancer from an an energetic perspective and energetic perspective and energetic perspective and it's I think likely that the increase in it's I think likely that the increase in it's I think likely that the increase in blood glucose increases the pressure, blood glucose increases the pressure, blood glucose increases the pressure, right? There's more electrons that are right? There's more electrons that are right? There's more electrons that are being pushed onto those cells or to being pushed onto those cells or to being pushed onto those cells or to those mitochondria. And when you push those mitochondria. And when you push those mitochondria. And when you push too much energy on a system that doesn't too much energy on a system that doesn't too much energy on a system that doesn't need energy, it's like you're trying to need energy, it's like you're trying to need energy, it's like you're trying to shove, you know, a lot of of water shove, you know, a lot of of water shove, you know, a lot of of water through a very small pipe. through a very small pipe. through a very small pipe. >> Something goes wrong. >> Something goes wrong. >> Something goes wrong. >> Yeah, something goes wrong. Something >> Yeah, something goes wrong. Something >> Yeah, something goes wrong. Something something can break. something can break. something can break. So the the resistance is So the the resistance is So the the resistance is if you push a lot of energy into a very if you push a lot of energy into a very if you push a lot of energy into a very small, you know, container or into a a small, you know, container or into a a small, you know, container or into a a channel that can support that, then the channel that can support that, then the channel that can support that, then the the what happens kind of physically is the what happens kind of physically is the what happens kind of physically is an increase in in the resistance to the an increase in in the resistance to the an increase in in the resistance to the flow. flow. flow. And then that can lead to the cell And then that can lead to the cell And then that can lead to the cell trying to protect itself. trying to protect itself. trying to protect itself. That's what insulin resistance is in That's what insulin resistance is in That's what insulin resistance is in diabetes, right? Insulin resistance is a diabetes, right? Insulin resistance is a diabetes, right? Insulin resistance is a protection mechanism. There's too much protection mechanism. There's too much protection mechanism. There's too much glucose being pushed onto the cell, glucose being pushed onto the cell, glucose being pushed onto the cell, right? And so that causes this excess, right? And so that causes this excess, right? And so that causes this excess, you know, energy coming in. The cell you know, energy coming in. The cell you know, energy coming in. The cell says, "Whoa, you know, too much." And it says, "Whoa, you know, too much." And it says, "Whoa, you know, too much." And it damages the mitochondria, this excess damages the mitochondria, this excess damages the mitochondria, this excess resistance, because there's too much resistance, because there's too much resistance, because there's too much heat produced, reactive oxygen species, heat produced, reactive oxygen species, heat produced, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress. oxidative stress. oxidative stress. >> I was thinking about smoking and how >> I was thinking about smoking and how >> I was thinking about smoking and how smoking also is carcinogenic. It's smoking also is carcinogenic. It's smoking also is carcinogenic. It's cancer causing. And through the lens of cancer causing. And through the lens of cancer causing. And through the lens of the mitochondria, how could something the mitochondria, how could something the mitochondria, how could something like smoking be like smoking be like smoking be cancer causing? cancer causing? cancer causing? >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. It's clear that in It's clear that in It's clear that in cigarette smoke, there are carcinogens. cigarette smoke, there are carcinogens. cigarette smoke, there are carcinogens. They're molecules that can damage the They're molecules that can damage the They're molecules that can damage the genome and cause mutations. genome and cause mutations. genome and cause mutations. It there's a strong link between lung It there's a strong link between lung It there's a strong link between lung cancer and smoking, but for all of the cancer and smoking, but for all of the cancer and smoking, but for all of the other cancers, there's much less of a a other cancers, there's much less of a a other cancers, there's much less of a a clear connection between exposure and clear connection between exposure and clear connection between exposure and cancer. cancer. cancer. Right, the cancers that that affect and Right, the cancers that that affect and Right, the cancers that that affect and and kill most people, and kill most people, and kill most people, we don't really know we don't really know we don't really know why they come, when they come. why they come, when they come. why they come, when they come. And it's clear that there's kind of a And it's clear that there's kind of a And it's clear that there's kind of a long history. And long history. And long history. And uh uh uh the the science behind, you know, the the science behind, you know, the the science behind, you know, connecting metabolism and cancer shows connecting metabolism and cancer shows connecting metabolism and cancer shows that obesity and that obesity and that obesity and uh high blood glucose and diabetes uh high blood glucose and diabetes uh high blood glucose and diabetes especially, which causes very high, you especially, which causes very high, you especially, which causes very high, you know, excursion I I have very high know, excursion I I have very high know, excursion I I have very high spikes in in blood glucose, those things spikes in in blood glucose, those things spikes in in blood glucose, those things are damaging to ourselves. And what the are damaging to ourselves. And what the are damaging to ourselves. And what the energy resistance principle says is that energy resistance principle says is that energy resistance principle says is that biology processes energy in terms of biology processes energy in terms of biology processes energy in terms of resistance. resistance. resistance. And it makes that kind of computation. And it makes that kind of computation. And it makes that kind of computation. How much energy is flowing now? And then How much energy is flowing now? And then How much energy is flowing now? And then how much how much energy demand and how how much how much energy demand and how how much how much energy demand and how much energy pressure am I exposed to? much energy pressure am I exposed to? much energy pressure am I exposed to? And if there's an imbalance, then that And if there's an imbalance, then that And if there's an imbalance, then that uh causes damage. uh causes damage. uh causes damage. >> Rather than being innocent bystanders, >> Rather than being innocent bystanders, >> Rather than being innocent bystanders, mitochondria are hijacked by cancer. The mitochondria are hijacked by cancer. The mitochondria are hijacked by cancer. The tumor re-programs them to stop acting tumor re-programs them to stop acting tumor re-programs them to stop acting like the body's protective energy like the body's protective energy like the body's protective energy factories and starts using them as a factories and starts using them as a factories and starts using them as a manufacturing plant to build more cancer manufacturing plant to build more cancer manufacturing plant to build more cancer cells. Because of this, targeting cells. Because of this, targeting cells. Because of this, targeting mitochondrial metabolism has become a mitochondrial metabolism has become a mitochondrial metabolism has become a major promising frontier in developing major promising frontier in developing major promising frontier in developing new cancer therapies. new cancer therapies. new cancer therapies. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> It hijacks the the mitochondria and uses >> It hijacks the the mitochondria and uses >> It hijacks the the mitochondria and uses them to produce more cancer cells. them to produce more cancer cells. them to produce more cancer cells. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. >> So, a normal cell >> So, a normal cell >> So, a normal cell uh uh uh is driven, its behavior it's driven by is driven, its behavior it's driven by is driven, its behavior it's driven by the mitochondria. It's like mitochondria the mitochondria. It's like mitochondria the mitochondria. It's like mitochondria are in the driver's seat. Right? are in the driver's seat. Right? are in the driver's seat. Right? Mitochondria can basically call the Mitochondria can basically call the Mitochondria can basically call the shots. If is the cell to live and shots. If is the cell to live and shots. If is the cell to live and divide, right? Or is the cell to divide, right? Or is the cell to divide, right? Or is the cell to contract and remain this kind of cell? contract and remain this kind of cell? contract and remain this kind of cell? Or if it's a stem cell, is it to divide Or if it's a stem cell, is it to divide Or if it's a stem cell, is it to divide or remain a stem cell? Uh or is it to or remain a stem cell? Uh or is it to or remain a stem cell? Uh or is it to die? Right? And cells have to make these die? Right? And cells have to make these die? Right? And cells have to make these decisions all the time. And cell suicide decisions all the time. And cell suicide decisions all the time. And cell suicide for the greater good is something that for the greater good is something that for the greater good is something that happens all the time in our bodies. And happens all the time in our bodies. And happens all the time in our bodies. And that's why and how we get rid of of most that's why and how we get rid of of most that's why and how we get rid of of most cancer cells, right? As far as we cancer cells, right? As far as we cancer cells, right? As far as we understand, you have a cell that kind of understand, you have a cell that kind of understand, you have a cell that kind of defects from the social collective, and defects from the social collective, and defects from the social collective, and then the organism has the wisdom to say, then the organism has the wisdom to say, then the organism has the wisdom to say, "Okay, this is no longer ours. Let's get "Okay, this is no longer ours. Let's get "Okay, this is no longer ours. Let's get rid of it." Right? Because it could rid of it." Right? Because it could rid of it." Right? Because it could become cancer. And most of the time that become cancer. And most of the time that become cancer. And most of the time that works well. Uh but what cancer cells can works well. Uh but what cancer cells can works well. Uh but what cancer cells can do is say, "Okay, I'm They They ditch do is say, "Okay, I'm They They ditch do is say, "Okay, I'm They They ditch their mitochondria and then they start their mitochondria and then they start their mitochondria and then they start to use them for their own growth." Uh to use them for their own growth." Uh to use them for their own growth." Uh and by ditching their mitochondria, they and by ditching their mitochondria, they and by ditching their mitochondria, they basically immunize themselves against basically immunize themselves against basically immunize themselves against the death that mitochondria could could the death that mitochondria could could the death that mitochondria could could trigger. So, mitochondria have a veto on trigger. So, mitochondria have a veto on trigger. So, mitochondria have a veto on cell life or death, and cancer somehow cell life or death, and cancer somehow cell life or death, and cancer somehow is able to kind of get away from that. is able to kind of get away from that. is able to kind of get away from that. >> And it's it's it's weird to think about >> And it's it's it's weird to think about >> And it's it's it's weird to think about because yeah, the things that are cause because yeah, the things that are cause because yeah, the things that are cause cancer or that have a correlation to cancer or that have a correlation to cancer or that have a correlation to cancer are things like, you know, cancer are things like, you know, cancer are things like, you know, as you said, like having too much of as you said, like having too much of as you said, like having too much of this stuff here. Too much sugar. this stuff here. Too much sugar. this stuff here. Too much sugar. >> stuff, yes. >> stuff, yes. >> stuff, yes. >> High blood glucose levels, etc., are >> High blood glucose levels, etc., are >> High blood glucose levels, etc., are linked to cancer. And one would wonder linked to cancer. And one would wonder linked to cancer. And one would wonder why why why eating sugar in excess is going to eating sugar in excess is going to eating sugar in excess is going to increase my probability of cancer, but increase my probability of cancer, but increase my probability of cancer, but obviously it points to the fact that it obviously it points to the fact that it obviously it points to the fact that it must be doing something to my energy must be doing something to my energy must be doing something to my energy systems which are causing some kind of systems which are causing some kind of systems which are causing some kind of malfunction somewhere. malfunction somewhere. malfunction somewhere. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. And what the energy resistance principle And what the energy resistance principle And what the energy resistance principle allows us to understand is why that is allows us to understand is why that is allows us to understand is why that is and what's really happening. If you and what's really happening. If you and what's really happening. If you overload your body with overload your body with overload your body with excess energy, excess energy, excess energy, your body has to deal with this. And in your body has to deal with this. And in your body has to deal with this. And in a simple electrical system circuit, if a simple electrical system circuit, if a simple electrical system circuit, if you jacked up, you know, the voltage and you jacked up, you know, the voltage and you jacked up, you know, the voltage and the system is is too weak to take this, the system is is too weak to take this, the system is is too weak to take this, then resistance goes through the roof, then resistance goes through the roof, then resistance goes through the roof, the transistors start to melt, and then the transistors start to melt, and then the transistors start to melt, and then the system, you know, it gets gets the system, you know, it gets gets the system, you know, it gets gets damaged. damaged. damaged. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> The The same thing happens, you know, in >> The The same thing happens, you know, in >> The The same thing happens, you know, in the body. If you overload the system the body. If you overload the system the body. If you overload the system with too much energy, too many with too much energy, too many with too much energy, too many electrons, right? Very direct parallel electrons, right? Very direct parallel electrons, right? Very direct parallel with the electrical circuit. There with the electrical circuit. There with the electrical circuit. There electrons stuck here on these little electrons stuck here on these little electrons stuck here on these little glucose molecules. If you ingest this, glucose molecules. If you ingest this, glucose molecules. If you ingest this, now increases the voltage in the body. now increases the voltage in the body. now increases the voltage in the body. And then if the mitochondria can't keep And then if the mitochondria can't keep And then if the mitochondria can't keep up and because they're they're not up and because they're they're not up and because they're they're not flowing energy because you're sedentary, flowing energy because you're sedentary, flowing energy because you're sedentary, you're you're not moving, um then that you're you're not moving, um then that you're you're not moving, um then that increases the resistance. All right? And increases the resistance. All right? And increases the resistance. All right? And then then then >> And it might die or malfunction. >> And it might die or malfunction. >> And it might die or malfunction. >> Correct. Or things get damaged, right? >> Correct. Or things get damaged, right? >> Correct. Or things get damaged, right? The The clear connection here is too The The clear connection here is too The The clear connection here is too much energy, increased energy much energy, increased energy much energy, increased energy resistance. So, then the electrons that resistance. So, then the electrons that resistance. So, then the electrons that normally flow smoothly in your normally flow smoothly in your normally flow smoothly in your metabolism, right? From the food to your metabolism, right? From the food to your metabolism, right? From the food to your mitochondria, mitochondria, mitochondria, then that whole circuit becomes more then that whole circuit becomes more then that whole circuit becomes more resistive. And then if you're an resistive. And then if you're an resistive. And then if you're an electron and you're trying to go through electron and you're trying to go through electron and you're trying to go through the the metabolic pathways looking for the the metabolic pathways looking for the the metabolic pathways looking for oxygen in a mitochondrion, but then oxygen in a mitochondrion, but then oxygen in a mitochondrion, but then at every [clears throat] at every [clears throat] at every [clears throat] at every point in this cascade you face at every point in this cascade you face at every point in this cascade you face resistance, there's more chance that resistance, there's more chance that resistance, there's more chance that that electron kind of jets out and and that electron kind of jets out and and that electron kind of jets out and and then becomes oxidative stress. then becomes oxidative stress. then becomes oxidative stress. >> Well, then what's what's going on with >> Well, then what's what's going on with >> Well, then what's what's going on with aging? I've got two women in front of me aging? I've got two women in front of me aging? I've got two women in front of me and they have two different colors of and they have two different colors of and they have two different colors of hair. Now, let's just pretend for hair. Now, let's just pretend for hair. Now, let's just pretend for argument's sake and for the sake of this argument's sake and for the sake of this argument's sake and for the sake of this explanation that this is someone's hair explanation that this is someone's hair explanation that this is someone's hair that's gone gray because of stress. that's gone gray because of stress. that's gone gray because of stress. Um and this is what she used to look Um and this is what she used to look Um and this is what she used to look like or he used to look like in terms of like or he used to look like in terms of like or he used to look like in terms of the color of the hair. the color of the hair. the color of the hair. What I found really interesting cuz it What I found really interesting cuz it What I found really interesting cuz it kind of speaks to kind of speaks to kind of speaks to lots of things that are going on going lots of things that are going on going lots of things that are going on going on in the body is you're saying you can on in the body is you're saying you can on in the body is you're saying you can actually reverse actually reverse actually reverse gray hair gray hair gray hair without dyeing it. And if so, what does without dyeing it. And if so, what does without dyeing it. And if so, what does that tell us about what gray hair is, that tell us about what gray hair is, that tell us about what gray hair is, but more broadly about stress, energy, but more broadly about stress, energy, but more broadly about stress, energy, mitochondria, and everything in between? mitochondria, and everything in between? mitochondria, and everything in between? >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. Uh what we discovered is that hair Uh what we discovered is that hair Uh what we discovered is that hair graying is reversible. And and that was graying is reversible. And and that was graying is reversible. And and that was surprising because what I've learned and surprising because what I've learned and surprising because what I've learned and what most people learn is that when you what most people learn is that when you what most people learn is that when you age it's kind of this linear progressive age it's kind of this linear progressive age it's kind of this linear progressive decline and and there's kind of nothing decline and and there's kind of nothing decline and and there's kind of nothing you can do about it. Uh but it turns out you can do about it. Uh but it turns out you can do about it. Uh but it turns out that if you look on most people's head, that if you look on most people's head, that if you look on most people's head, um um um you can see things like this. This is you can see things like this. This is you can see things like this. This is obviously, you know, this was dyed and obviously, you know, this was dyed and obviously, you know, this was dyed and all of the hairs were were white and all of the hairs were were white and all of the hairs were were white and then all the hairs are are are dark. And then all the hairs are are are dark. And then all the hairs are are are dark. And if you take a hair like this, uh the tip if you take a hair like this, uh the tip if you take a hair like this, uh the tip here, right, was inside the body long here, right, was inside the body long here, right, was inside the body long time ago. This is almost like if you time ago. This is almost like if you time ago. This is almost like if you look at tree rings, right? You take a look at tree rings, right? You take a look at tree rings, right? You take a tree and you cut it in cross-section, tree and you cut it in cross-section, tree and you cut it in cross-section, you see like the rings, and then you can you see like the rings, and then you can you see like the rings, and then you can say, "Ooh, this ring was say, "Ooh, this ring was say, "Ooh, this ring was uh 30 years ago, right?" And this ring uh 30 years ago, right?" And this ring uh 30 years ago, right?" And this ring is today. Uh so, you can use that to is today. Uh so, you can use that to is today. Uh so, you can use that to kind of map the history of what happened kind of map the history of what happened kind of map the history of what happened in the environment of of the tree. in the environment of of the tree. in the environment of of the tree. You can do the same thing. We all walk You can do the same thing. We all walk You can do the same thing. We all walk around with biological history around with biological history around with biological history crystallized in in this hair. And that's crystallized in in this hair. And that's crystallized in in this hair. And that's why if you want to know if someone had a why if you want to know if someone had a why if you want to know if someone had a a drug, for example, like a month ago or a drug, for example, like a month ago or a drug, for example, like a month ago or 6 months ago or like 2 years ago, 6 months ago or like 2 years ago, 6 months ago or like 2 years ago, depending how long the hair is, you can depending how long the hair is, you can depending how long the hair is, you can actually use the hair and all along actually use the hair and all along actually use the hair and all along would be, you know, the chemical would be, you know, the chemical would be, you know, the chemical signature of what you took. So you can signature of what you took. So you can signature of what you took. So you can find marijuana in in the hair, you know, find marijuana in in the hair, you know, find marijuana in in the hair, you know, here but not here. So if you if you have here but not here. So if you if you have here but not here. So if you if you have marijuana marijuana marijuana 6 months ago, it's going to be in your 6 months ago, it's going to be in your 6 months ago, it's going to be in your hair and you're going to walk around uh, hair and you're going to walk around uh, hair and you're going to walk around uh, with that trace, that physical trace in with that trace, that physical trace in with that trace, that physical trace in in your body. in your body. in your body. >> He's got hiccups. >> He's got hiccups. >> He's got hiccups. >> [laughter] >> And the idea was if we could find hairs >> And the idea was if we could find hairs on someone's head on someone's head on someone's head that the tip was that the tip was that the tip was uh, dark, right? And then when you look uh, dark, right? And then when you look uh, dark, right? And then when you look closer to the body, it becomes white. closer to the body, it becomes white. closer to the body, it becomes white. Right? And you would say the hair was Right? And you would say the hair was Right? And you would say the hair was young, it was young, it was young, it young, it was young, it was young, it young, it was young, it was young, it was young, and then boom, it became old, was young, and then boom, it became old, was young, and then boom, it became old, right? It It lost color. Hair graying is right? It It lost color. Hair graying is right? It It lost color. Hair graying is a a a classic hallmark of aging. Um, a a a classic hallmark of aging. Um, a a a classic hallmark of aging. Um, then we thought then you would know then we thought then you would know then we thought then you would know something that something was happening something that something was happening something that something was happening in this hair follicle in this person's in this hair follicle in this person's in this hair follicle in this person's body, right? That made this young hair body, right? That made this young hair body, right? That made this young hair become old. And then maybe we could become old. And then maybe we could become old. And then maybe we could understand the mechanisms of the aging understand the mechanisms of the aging understand the mechanisms of the aging process. So this became a kind of an process. So this became a kind of an process. So this became a kind of an interesting scenario. And through doing interesting scenario. And through doing interesting scenario. And through doing this, we found people started to send us this, we found people started to send us this, we found people started to send us hair samples in Ziploc bags, you know, hair samples in Ziploc bags, you know, hair samples in Ziploc bags, you know, over the mail. Uh, and we were looking over the mail. Uh, and we were looking over the mail. Uh, and we were looking for two-colored hairs, a single hair for two-colored hairs, a single hair for two-colored hairs, a single hair that has two colors, kind of like this. that has two colors, kind of like this. that has two colors, kind of like this. Uh, and we found the hairs that Uh, and we found the hairs that Uh, and we found the hairs that uh, you know, head hair, beard hair, uh, you know, head hair, beard hair, uh, you know, head hair, beard hair, pubic hairs that showed the signature. pubic hairs that showed the signature. pubic hairs that showed the signature. The hair was dark and then it became The hair was dark and then it became The hair was dark and then it became white or the hair was white and it white or the hair was white and it white or the hair was white and it became dark again. became dark again. became dark again. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> So we had physical evidence from like >> So we had physical evidence from like >> So we had physical evidence from like multiple people that showed white hairs multiple people that showed white hairs multiple people that showed white hairs can go back to being dark. And this can go back to being dark. And this can go back to being dark. And this contradicted this idea that, you know, contradicted this idea that, you know, contradicted this idea that, you know, aging is this linear progressive process aging is this linear progressive process aging is this linear progressive process that we're kind of doomed to experience that we're kind of doomed to experience that we're kind of doomed to experience without any flexibility. I was one of without any flexibility. I was one of without any flexibility. I was one of the participants in that study. I ended the participants in that study. I ended the participants in that study. I ended up finding five hairs that had this up finding five hairs that had this up finding five hairs that had this pattern. And when we looked at when the pattern. And when we looked at when the pattern. And when we looked at when the reversal happened, we found that the reversal happened, we found that the reversal happened, we found that the reversal happened when I went on reversal happened when I went on reversal happened when I went on vacation. vacation. vacation. And I would go back in those days on And I would go back in those days on And I would go back in those days on annual annual annual uh cycling uh training camps. So, I uh cycling uh training camps. So, I uh cycling uh training camps. So, I would go for a week where all you do is would go for a week where all you do is would go for a week where all you do is you bike, you eat, you sleep. Uh energy you bike, you eat, you sleep. Uh energy you bike, you eat, you sleep. Uh energy started to move very differently in my started to move very differently in my started to move very differently in my body during that that time. body during that that time. body during that that time. Um and then when we looked at the hair Um and then when we looked at the hair Um and then when we looked at the hair and we analyzed the the composition, the and we analyzed the the composition, the and we analyzed the the composition, the molecular composition, that's what molecular composition, that's what molecular composition, that's what scientists do. You can take a hair like scientists do. You can take a hair like scientists do. You can take a hair like this, snip the pieces, the white this, snip the pieces, the white this, snip the pieces, the white segment, the dark segment, it's all the segment, the dark segment, it's all the segment, the dark segment, it's all the same genome, right? Every hair has the same genome, right? Every hair has the same genome, right? Every hair has the same genome, the same genetic material, same genome, the same genetic material, same genome, the same genetic material, same food, uh same physical activity, same food, uh same physical activity, same food, uh same physical activity, same everything. Why some hairs grow same everything. Why some hairs grow same everything. Why some hairs grow like this or like that uh like this or like that uh like this or like that uh was an opportunity to understand the was an opportunity to understand the was an opportunity to understand the dynamics, the plasticity, like how life dynamics, the plasticity, like how life dynamics, the plasticity, like how life can go from being young to old or old can go from being young to old or old can go from being young to old or old back to young. Uh and what we found was back to young. Uh and what we found was back to young. Uh and what we found was a the main signal was a mitochondrial a the main signal was a mitochondrial a the main signal was a mitochondrial signal. signal. signal. And in the white hair, I thought there's And in the white hair, I thought there's And in the white hair, I thought there's going to be less color, right? going to be less color, right? going to be less color, right? Obviously, but also probably less Obviously, but also probably less Obviously, but also probably less mitochondria, less, you know, some other mitochondria, less, you know, some other mitochondria, less, you know, some other things. We found that the white hairs things. We found that the white hairs things. We found that the white hairs have more mitochondria. have more mitochondria. have more mitochondria. And there was an upregulation of the And there was an upregulation of the And there was an upregulation of the body that the hair follicle where the body that the hair follicle where the body that the hair follicle where the hair was becoming old wasn't kind of hair was becoming old wasn't kind of hair was becoming old wasn't kind of letting go of things. It was doing more. letting go of things. It was doing more. letting go of things. It was doing more. >> So, that means during that period of >> So, that means during that period of >> So, that means during that period of time, you were more stressed and using time, you were more stressed and using time, you were more stressed and using more energy? more energy? more energy? >> When cells become old, instead of just >> When cells become old, instead of just >> When cells become old, instead of just dying, right? They struggle. dying, right? They struggle. dying, right? They struggle. And when a cell has damage in the DNA or And when a cell has damage in the DNA or And when a cell has damage in the DNA or the mitochondria not working properly or the mitochondria not working properly or the mitochondria not working properly or for some reason they accumulate damage for some reason they accumulate damage for some reason they accumulate damage and become old, the cell struggles to and become old, the cell struggles to and become old, the cell struggles to make more mitochondria. And it it tries make more mitochondria. And it it tries make more mitochondria. And it it tries to kind of compensate. to kind of compensate. to kind of compensate. And then ends up wasting a lot of energy And then ends up wasting a lot of energy And then ends up wasting a lot of energy in the process. in the process. in the process. >> So, when that hair what you looked at >> So, when that hair what you looked at >> So, when that hair what you looked at that was gray, let's call it, um it had that was gray, let's call it, um it had that was gray, let's call it, um it had more mitochondria because it was more mitochondria because it was more mitochondria because it was struggling. struggling. struggling. And why was it struggling? And why was it struggling? And why was it struggling? >> It looks like the stress hormones can, >> It looks like the stress hormones can, >> It looks like the stress hormones can, you know, make a cell struggle, for you know, make a cell struggle, for you know, make a cell struggle, for example. example. example. >> Cortisol? >> Cortisol? >> Cortisol? >> Cortisol, yes. If you're a cell, right, >> Cortisol, yes. If you're a cell, right, >> Cortisol, yes. If you're a cell, right, and your perspective on the world is and your perspective on the world is and your perspective on the world is pretty simple. pretty simple. pretty simple. You don't have, you know, the senses You don't have, you know, the senses You don't have, you know, the senses that, you know, we we enjoy, but you do, that, you know, we we enjoy, but you do, that, you know, we we enjoy, but you do, nevertheless, you know, sense the nevertheless, you know, sense the nevertheless, you know, sense the environment. If cortisol comes and you environment. If cortisol comes and you environment. If cortisol comes and you get the signal, get the signal, get the signal, it means there's something out there in it means there's something out there in it means there's something out there in the environment that's dangerous. Right, the environment that's dangerous. Right, the environment that's dangerous. Right, you should be preparing for having to you should be preparing for having to you should be preparing for having to fight or to flight or fight or to flight or fight or to flight or there's something out there that's there's something out there that's there's something out there that's dangerous. Our cells evolved to dangerous. Our cells evolved to dangerous. Our cells evolved to interpret cortisol in that way. interpret cortisol in that way. interpret cortisol in that way. So, we did an experiment in the dish. We So, we did an experiment in the dish. We So, we did an experiment in the dish. We wanted to know how much energy does it wanted to know how much energy does it wanted to know how much energy does it cost to worry about the future? cost to worry about the future? cost to worry about the future? Right? Or how much energy does it cost Right? Or how much energy does it cost Right? Or how much energy does it cost to ruminate about yesterday? to ruminate about yesterday? to ruminate about yesterday? >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> The thing you didn't do or the mistake >> The thing you didn't do or the mistake >> The thing you didn't do or the mistake you made at work or you made at work or you made at work or >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> that conversation that went sideways, >> that conversation that went sideways, >> that conversation that went sideways, you know, with your partner. you know, with your partner. you know, with your partner. How much energy does that cost to be How much energy does that cost to be How much energy does that cost to be thinking about this, to be, you know, thinking about this, to be, you know, thinking about this, to be, you know, engaging your stress system, to be engaging your stress system, to be engaging your stress system, to be releasing cortisol? releasing cortisol? releasing cortisol? So, two students in a lab, Gabriel and So, two students in a lab, Gabriel and So, two students in a lab, Gabriel and Natalia, did that experiment. You put Natalia, did that experiment. You put Natalia, did that experiment. You put You put cells in a dish. You give them You put cells in a dish. You give them You put cells in a dish. You give them the equivalent of cortisol. How much the equivalent of cortisol. How much the equivalent of cortisol. How much energy is going to cost for these cells energy is going to cost for these cells energy is going to cost for these cells to prepare? There's nothing damaging to prepare? There's nothing damaging to prepare? There's nothing damaging to the cortisol itself, but the cortisol to the cortisol itself, but the cortisol to the cortisol itself, but the cortisol is a signal that there might be is a signal that there might be is a signal that there might be something dangerous outside. Right, something dangerous outside. Right, something dangerous outside. Right, that's like when you're sitting down, that's like when you're sitting down, that's like when you're sitting down, you get an email, you're like, you get an email, you're like, you get an email, you're like, "I might lose my job, right?" Or "I "I might lose my job, right?" Or "I "I might lose my job, right?" Or "I might not get this contract." And then might not get this contract." And then might not get this contract." And then you you have this whole stress response. you you have this whole stress response. you you have this whole stress response. Your heart starts to beat Your heart starts to beat Your heart starts to beat faster. How much energy does that cost? faster. How much energy does that cost? faster. How much energy does that cost? So, in cells in a dish, we can isolate So, in cells in a dish, we can isolate So, in cells in a dish, we can isolate that question really well. We found that that question really well. We found that that question really well. We found that the stress hormone increased energy the stress hormone increased energy the stress hormone increased energy expenditure, at the cost of life, by expenditure, at the cost of life, by expenditure, at the cost of life, by 60%. 60%. 60%. >> So, when I'm stressed, I'm using 60% >> So, when I'm stressed, I'm using 60% >> So, when I'm stressed, I'm using 60% more energy, theoretically. more energy, theoretically. more energy, theoretically. >> I don't know about you, but cells in a >> I don't know about you, but cells in a >> I don't know about you, but cells in a dish. dish. dish. >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> Okay. >> Okay. >> Okay. >> So, there the beauty about like >> So, there the beauty about like >> So, there the beauty about like bodies and, you know, with the mind and, bodies and, you know, with the mind and, bodies and, you know, with the mind and, you know, just complex organism. They're you know, just complex organism. They're you know, just complex organism. They're buffering systems, right? So, you might buffering systems, right? So, you might buffering systems, right? So, you might Yeah, I don't think your energy Yeah, I don't think your energy Yeah, I don't think your energy expenditure increased by 60% if you're expenditure increased by 60% if you're expenditure increased by 60% if you're stressed out, but it increases somewhat. stressed out, but it increases somewhat. stressed out, but it increases somewhat. >> What is that graph there? >> What is that graph there? >> What is that graph there? >> So, there two graphs here. >> So, there two graphs here. >> So, there two graphs here. The top one is the color of the hair of The top one is the color of the hair of The top one is the color of the hair of a single hair from a young Asian woman a single hair from a young Asian woman a single hair from a young Asian woman who was part of the study. And what we who was part of the study. And what we who was part of the study. And what we see here, this is called a hair see here, this is called a hair see here, this is called a hair pigmentation pattern, the HPP that we we pigmentation pattern, the HPP that we we pigmentation pattern, the HPP that we we developed in the lab to understand developed in the lab to understand developed in the lab to understand quantitatively bring science to the to quantitatively bring science to the to quantitatively bring science to the to hair graying and and reversal. And so, hair graying and and reversal. And so, hair graying and and reversal. And so, what you see here is this hair was dark what you see here is this hair was dark what you see here is this hair was dark and then it became white and then it became white and then it became white for 2 cm and then boom, completely for 2 cm and then boom, completely for 2 cm and then boom, completely regained color. Actually, it regained It regained color. Actually, it regained It regained color. Actually, it regained It was darker here than it than it used to was darker here than it than it used to was darker here than it than it used to be, right? And then stayed dark be, right? And then stayed dark be, right? And then stayed dark afterwards. So, this is a hair that we afterwards. So, this is a hair that we afterwards. So, this is a hair that we received in the mail as we were starting received in the mail as we were starting received in the mail as we were starting to to collect to to collect to to collect two-colored hairs. two-colored hairs. two-colored hairs. And then when we when we saw this, we And then when we when we saw this, we And then when we when we saw this, we had found from a few different people had found from a few different people had found from a few different people white hairs that had regained color. white hairs that had regained color. white hairs that had regained color. We'd never seen a hair like this. That's We'd never seen a hair like this. That's We'd never seen a hair like this. That's dark, white, and then dark, right? So, I dark, white, and then dark, right? So, I dark, white, and then dark, right? So, I remember holding this hair. I was like, remember holding this hair. I was like, remember holding this hair. I was like, "Oh my god." "Oh my god." "Oh my god." This is in the same hair. This is This is in the same hair. This is This is in the same hair. This is incontrovertible evidence that graying incontrovertible evidence that graying incontrovertible evidence that graying of hair is reversible and it can be of hair is reversible and it can be of hair is reversible and it can be pretty pretty fast. Like this transition pretty pretty fast. Like this transition pretty pretty fast. Like this transition here is just a few weeks. This is about here is just a few weeks. This is about here is just a few weeks. This is about 1 week. Right? So, this white hair, 1 week. Right? So, this white hair, 1 week. Right? So, this white hair, completely white, regained color in just completely white, regained color in just completely white, regained color in just about a week. So, then we developed an about a week. So, then we developed an about a week. So, then we developed an instrument which was a simple sheet. On instrument which was a simple sheet. On instrument which was a simple sheet. On the Y axis, the vertical is most the Y axis, the vertical is most the Y axis, the vertical is most stressful thing that ever happened to stressful thing that ever happened to stressful thing that ever happened to you, no stress at all. 10 and zero. And you, no stress at all. 10 and zero. And you, no stress at all. 10 and zero. And then the X axis, the horizontal, was then the X axis, the horizontal, was then the X axis, the horizontal, was time. Yes. time. Yes. time. Yes. On the far right is now, right? This is On the far right is now, right? This is On the far right is now, right? This is now, this is a year ago. And then we now, this is a year ago. And then we now, this is a year ago. And then we labeled all the months. labeled all the months. labeled all the months. And then we asked people and we asked And then we asked people and we asked And then we asked people and we asked this lady put a dot on the graph that this lady put a dot on the graph that this lady put a dot on the graph that was the most stressful time in the past was the most stressful time in the past was the most stressful time in the past year. Like anyone can do the exercise, year. Like anyone can do the exercise, year. Like anyone can do the exercise, past year, most stressful time. past year, most stressful time. past year, most stressful time. Okay, maybe last March. And then you put Okay, maybe last March. And then you put Okay, maybe last March. And then you put a dot right in March, number 10. And a dot right in March, number 10. And a dot right in March, number 10. And then least stressful part, uh zero. And then least stressful part, uh zero. And then least stressful part, uh zero. And then put other like meaningful things then put other like meaningful things then put other like meaningful things that happened that were challenging. So that happened that were challenging. So that happened that were challenging. So people put dots, you know, along the people put dots, you know, along the people put dots, you know, along the this last year, then connect the dots, this last year, then connect the dots, this last year, then connect the dots, right? right? right? The red graph is her dots connected. The red graph is her dots connected. The red graph is her dots connected. >> And it correlates perfectly to her hair >> And it correlates perfectly to her hair >> And it correlates perfectly to her hair going gray. going gray. going gray. >> Correct. >> Correct. >> Correct. And what happened to her life, she said And what happened to her life, she said And what happened to her life, she said she finished her PhD thesis and she was she finished her PhD thesis and she was she finished her PhD thesis and she was jobless, but she was fine. She was happy jobless, but she was fine. She was happy jobless, but she was fine. She was happy to be done with her studies and then to be done with her studies and then to be done with her studies and then broke up with her boyfriend. broke up with her boyfriend. broke up with her boyfriend. >> Oh, damn, and her hair went gray. >> Oh, damn, and her hair went gray. >> Oh, damn, and her hair went gray. >> Yeah. Broke up with her boyfriend. She >> Yeah. Broke up with her boyfriend. She >> Yeah. Broke up with her boyfriend. She didn't know what was happening with her didn't know what was happening with her didn't know what was happening with her life. She had to travel to Europe. There life. She had to travel to Europe. There life. She had to travel to Europe. There was some family drama. was some family drama. was some family drama. Uh she said these were the last the most Uh she said these were the last the most Uh she said these were the last the most stressful 2 months of my life. stressful 2 months of my life. stressful 2 months of my life. >> There's a killer question here, which is >> There's a killer question here, which is >> There's a killer question here, which is if that remains chronic, does that hair if that remains chronic, does that hair if that remains chronic, does that hair follicle go gray forever? follicle go gray forever? follicle go gray forever? >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> I if I go through a a stressful period >> I if I go through a a stressful period >> I if I go through a a stressful period for 2 to 3 weeks and my hair goes a bit for 2 to 3 weeks and my hair goes a bit for 2 to 3 weeks and my hair goes a bit gray, as long as I get out of that gray, as long as I get out of that gray, as long as I get out of that stressful period as quick as possible, stressful period as quick as possible, stressful period as quick as possible, does that hair then return to to black does that hair then return to to black does that hair then return to to black or dark? or dark? or dark? >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Do you see what I'm saying? >> Do you see what I'm saying? >> Do you see what I'm saying? >> Yes. It seems like and we ran some like >> Yes. It seems like and we ran some like >> Yes. It seems like and we ran some like fancy mathematical model to understand fancy mathematical model to understand fancy mathematical model to understand why this would be possible, why this would be possible, why this would be possible, why it could happen like now for this why it could happen like now for this why it could happen like now for this hair and then be reversible, but we know hair and then be reversible, but we know hair and then be reversible, but we know it, you know, very well. If you have a it, you know, very well. If you have a it, you know, very well. If you have a full head of gray hair and you're 70 full head of gray hair and you're 70 full head of gray hair and you're 70 years old, you're not going to regain years old, you're not going to regain years old, you're not going to regain your color. your color. your color. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> So there seems to what the model the >> So there seems to what the model the >> So there seems to what the model the mathematical model suggested is that mathematical model suggested is that mathematical model suggested is that there's a window of opportunity, there's a window of opportunity, there's a window of opportunity, right? Where a hair slowly accumulates right? Where a hair slowly accumulates right? Where a hair slowly accumulates damage, becomes more and more probably damage, becomes more and more probably damage, becomes more and more probably energetically inefficient, right? So energetically inefficient, right? So energetically inefficient, right? So there's more and more energy resistance, there's more and more energy resistance, there's more and more energy resistance, and then there's a barrier. And then and then there's a barrier. And then and then there's a barrier. And then when the the hair hits that threshold, when the the hair hits that threshold, when the the hair hits that threshold, now it loses color. now it loses color. now it loses color. >> It's done. >> It's done. >> It's done. >> Yeah. But then if something changes in >> Yeah. But then if something changes in >> Yeah. But then if something changes in the body, right? You go on a vacation or the body, right? You go on a vacation or the body, right? You go on a vacation or you start to do intermittent fasting and you start to do intermittent fasting and you start to do intermittent fasting and then there's more energy available for then there's more energy available for then there's more energy available for your dark hair, now it can be reversed, your dark hair, now it can be reversed, your dark hair, now it can be reversed, right? Because you can go back up right? Because you can go back up right? Because you can go back up against that threshold. But then against that threshold. But then against that threshold. But then eventually this hair is going to go gray eventually this hair is going to go gray eventually this hair is going to go gray again. And then if you're way way down, again. And then if you're way way down, again. And then if you're way way down, like this hair turned gray 10 years ago like this hair turned gray 10 years ago like this hair turned gray 10 years ago and you go back up, you're too far away and you go back up, you're too far away and you go back up, you're too far away from threshold to regain color. from threshold to regain color. from threshold to regain color. >> Okay. >> Okay. >> Okay. >> So it suggests to some threshold model >> So it suggests to some threshold model >> So it suggests to some threshold model that there's a window of opportunity for that there's a window of opportunity for that there's a window of opportunity for some something as binary as hair color. some something as binary as hair color. some something as binary as hair color. It's a black or it's white, right? So It's a black or it's white, right? So It's a black or it's white, right? So there's kind of a window of opportunity there's kind of a window of opportunity there's kind of a window of opportunity there where there where there where >> where you can reverse gray hair. >> where you can reverse gray hair. >> where you can reverse gray hair. >> Yes. >> Yes. >> Yes. >> I do want to come back to this hair >> I do want to come back to this hair >> I do want to come back to this hair thing, but it did make me think cuz you thing, but it did make me think cuz you thing, but it did make me think cuz you you added a layer of nuance there, which you added a layer of nuance there, which you added a layer of nuance there, which is about the mind. is about the mind. is about the mind. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Like if I go through my life um with a >> Like if I go through my life um with a >> Like if I go through my life um with a more resilient mind and you get that bad more resilient mind and you get that bad more resilient mind and you get that bad email and you go email and you go email and you go and I get the bad email and I go and I get the bad email and I go and I get the bad email and I go it, who cares? it, who cares? it, who cares? >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Am I therefore going to be a way more >> Am I therefore going to be a way more >> Am I therefore going to be a way more productive person throughout those 24 productive person throughout those 24 productive person throughout those 24 hours because my mitochondria are using hours because my mitochondria are using hours because my mitochondria are using less energy because there's less less energy because there's less less energy because there's less cortisol? cortisol? cortisol? >> Yeah. Based on what we know, I think >> Yeah. Based on what we know, I think >> Yeah. Based on what we know, I think that's likely correct. that's likely correct. that's likely correct. So it's not the stress that burns us So it's not the stress that burns us So it's not the stress that burns us down, it's the response to stress. And down, it's the response to stress. And down, it's the response to stress. And nothing is free in biology. And for your nothing is free in biology. And for your nothing is free in biology. And for your heart to beat a little faster, if you heart to beat a little faster, if you heart to beat a little faster, if you mount a response to that email, right? mount a response to that email, right? mount a response to that email, right? You're burning energy in your heart. And You're burning energy in your heart. And You're burning energy in your heart. And then then then >> [clears throat] >> [clears throat] >> [clears throat] >> you're tensing your you know, your your >> you're tensing your you know, your your >> you're tensing your you know, your your shoulder, that's burning energy. Now shoulder, that's burning energy. Now shoulder, that's burning energy. Now your brain is going into like rumination your brain is going into like rumination your brain is going into like rumination mode and then this thing and then then mode and then this thing and then then mode and then this thing and then then it makes you think about your childhood it makes you think about your childhood it makes you think about your childhood and this and like and then the anx- the and this and like and then the anx- the and this and like and then the anx- the anxiety and then you start to sweat. anxiety and then you start to sweat. anxiety and then you start to sweat. Like everything costs energy. Like everything costs energy. Like everything costs energy. >> So the chain of events is I get the >> So the chain of events is I get the >> So the chain of events is I get the email. It's a very bad email. Says email. It's a very bad email. Says email. It's a very bad email. Says you're fired, Steven, from the BBC. We you're fired, Steven, from the BBC. We you're fired, Steven, from the BBC. We found a different host. found a different host. found a different host. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Um I look at the email. >> Um I look at the email. >> Um I look at the email. That goes into my psychology, my mind. That goes into my psychology, my mind. That goes into my psychology, my mind. I then have a story I tell myself about I then have a story I tell myself about I then have a story I tell myself about what that email means for me, my future, what that email means for me, my future, what that email means for me, my future, my children, whatever. my children, whatever. my children, whatever. Which then causes a physiological Which then causes a physiological Which then causes a physiological response of like chemicals like response of like chemicals like response of like chemicals like cortisol. cortisol. cortisol. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Um which goes into my cells, my >> Um which goes into my cells, my >> Um which goes into my cells, my mitochondria, which then have to work a mitochondria, which then have to work a mitochondria, which then have to work a little bit harder or use more energy. little bit harder or use more energy. little bit harder or use more energy. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Which is ultimately then going to mean >> Which is ultimately then going to mean >> Which is ultimately then going to mean that I'm that I'm that I'm more tired because I have a finite more tired because I have a finite more tired because I have a finite amount of energy per day. amount of energy per day. amount of energy per day. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Is that Is that sequence of events I I >> Is that Is that sequence of events I I >> Is that Is that sequence of events I I ask about that sequence because it ask about that sequence because it ask about that sequence because it offers me an opportunity to intervene at offers me an opportunity to intervene at offers me an opportunity to intervene at some point. some point. some point. >> Yes. Yes. >> Yes. Yes. >> Yes. Yes. >> That's it. Right, when you think about >> That's it. Right, when you think about >> That's it. Right, when you think about it. it. it. >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> Or I >> Or I >> Or I get a little bit better with bad news. get a little bit better with bad news. get a little bit better with bad news. >> Yeah, or you know, learn to be less >> Yeah, or you know, learn to be less >> Yeah, or you know, learn to be less reactive, right? Or learn to to feel and reactive, right? Or learn to to feel and reactive, right? Or learn to to feel and and and and um, you know, sit with be aware of that um, you know, sit with be aware of that um, you know, sit with be aware of that reaction cuz the key solution to kind of reaction cuz the key solution to kind of reaction cuz the key solution to kind of to cutting that to cutting that to cutting that sequence of event that ends up draining sequence of event that ends up draining sequence of event that ends up draining you is to become aware of it. you is to become aware of it. you is to become aware of it. >> Yeah, become aware of it. Yeah. >> Yeah, become aware of it. Yeah. >> Yeah, become aware of it. Yeah. >> All right? Uh, so you can kind of >> All right? Uh, so you can kind of >> All right? Uh, so you can kind of interrupt this and people who study interrupt this and people who study interrupt this and people who study contemplative practices and and contemplative practices and and contemplative practices and and meditation and you know, mindfulness meditation and you know, mindfulness meditation and you know, mindfulness approaches, approaches, approaches, I think many of them think this is kind I think many of them think this is kind I think many of them think this is kind of the key, right? The the the of the key, right? The the the of the key, right? The the the awareness, the somatic awareness or awareness, the somatic awareness or awareness, the somatic awareness or interoception. So if you feel into your interoception. So if you feel into your interoception. So if you feel into your your bodily responses, you become free your bodily responses, you become free your bodily responses, you become free of do I mount a response? Is that needed of do I mount a response? Is that needed of do I mount a response? Is that needed now or not? now or not? now or not? >> There's different types of stress, >> There's different types of stress, >> There's different types of stress, right? There's like the acute stress, right? There's like the acute stress, right? There's like the acute stress, which is just you get the email, you which is just you get the email, you which is just you get the email, you feel a little bit of a spike, but 5 feel a little bit of a spike, but 5 feel a little bit of a spike, but 5 minutes later you're fine. minutes later you're fine. minutes later you're fine. >> Yep. >> Yep. >> Yep. >> And then there's the more chronic type >> And then there's the more chronic type >> And then there's the more chronic type of stress where of stress where of stress where you're waking up every day with the same you're waking up every day with the same you're waking up every day with the same feeling of stress deep inside you for feeling of stress deep inside you for feeling of stress deep inside you for many many days in a row, many weeks in a many many days in a row, many weeks in a many many days in a row, many weeks in a row. row. row. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Um, I hear that acute stress isn't all >> Um, I hear that acute stress isn't all >> Um, I hear that acute stress isn't all that bad and it's very normal and that bad and it's very normal and that bad and it's very normal and useful, but it's this chronic stress useful, but it's this chronic stress useful, but it's this chronic stress that can cause a lot of damage. that can cause a lot of damage. that can cause a lot of damage. >> Yeah, and I think that brings us back to >> Yeah, and I think that brings us back to >> Yeah, and I think that brings us back to the concept of how is energy flowing the concept of how is energy flowing the concept of how is energy flowing through the body? And if it flows with through the body? And if it flows with through the body? And if it flows with not enough resistance, you can't not enough resistance, you can't not enough resistance, you can't survive, but if there's too much survive, but if there's too much survive, but if there's too much resistance, then you you get drained. resistance, then you you get drained. resistance, then you you get drained. >> How do I think about this resistance >> How do I think about this resistance >> How do I think about this resistance thing cuz I'm really struggling with thing cuz I'm really struggling with thing cuz I'm really struggling with like understanding it? like understanding it? like understanding it? >> Maybe one good example to to frame this >> Maybe one good example to to frame this >> Maybe one good example to to frame this is exercise. is exercise. is exercise. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> All right? When you start to exercise, >> All right? When you start to exercise, >> All right? When you start to exercise, there's increased resistance in your there's increased resistance in your there's increased resistance in your muscle, right? Your muscles are muscle, right? Your muscles are muscle, right? Your muscles are contracting, so there's a physical contracting, so there's a physical contracting, so there's a physical resistance there, but there's also resistance there, but there's also resistance there, but there's also energy resistance. So, the the energy is energy resistance. So, the the energy is energy resistance. So, the the energy is trying to flow through the muscle, and trying to flow through the muscle, and trying to flow through the muscle, and then there's you have mitochondria. If then there's you have mitochondria. If then there's you have mitochondria. If you have just a few mitochondria and the you have just a few mitochondria and the you have just a few mitochondria and the muscles are contracting really hard, muscles are contracting really hard, muscles are contracting really hard, like you're running, you're sprinting, like you're running, you're sprinting, like you're running, you're sprinting, right? You're doing interval training. right? You're doing interval training. right? You're doing interval training. Um now, the mitochondria don't have the Um now, the mitochondria don't have the Um now, the mitochondria don't have the capacity to flow as much energy as the capacity to flow as much energy as the capacity to flow as much energy as the muscle is asking. muscle is asking. muscle is asking. Right? So, that's an imbalance of demand Right? So, that's an imbalance of demand Right? So, that's an imbalance of demand to flow capacity. Now, the the product to flow capacity. Now, the the product to flow capacity. Now, the the product of this, the demand divided by flow of this, the demand divided by flow of this, the demand divided by flow capacity, is resistance. capacity, is resistance. capacity, is resistance. >> Okay. >> Okay. >> Okay. >> So, if you demand a lot of your muscle >> So, if you demand a lot of your muscle >> So, if you demand a lot of your muscle because of your your your sprint, uh but because of your your your sprint, uh but because of your your your sprint, uh but you you don't have a lot of you you don't have a lot of you you don't have a lot of mitochondria, right? It's going to feel mitochondria, right? It's going to feel mitochondria, right? It's going to feel terrible. Uh and then because the terrible. Uh and then because the terrible. Uh and then because the resistance creeps up, and then your resistance creeps up, and then your resistance creeps up, and then your muscle, you know, becomes really hot, muscle, you know, becomes really hot, muscle, you know, becomes really hot, and then eventually there's and then eventually there's and then eventually there's inflammation, inflammation, inflammation, uh and then it burns, and then then it's uh and then it burns, and then then it's uh and then it burns, and then then it's uncomfortable. uncomfortable. uncomfortable. Uh but then Uh but then Uh but then So, that's like an acute bout of of So, that's like an acute bout of of So, that's like an acute bout of of energy resistance. What happens with energy resistance. What happens with energy resistance. What happens with exercise is once you recover, right? The exercise is once you recover, right? The exercise is once you recover, right? The benefits of exercise don't happen during benefits of exercise don't happen during benefits of exercise don't happen during the exercise, they happen after, during the exercise, they happen after, during the exercise, they happen after, during the recovery. So, if you recover, now the recovery. So, if you recover, now the recovery. So, if you recover, now you're you're the muscles are relaxing, you're you're the muscles are relaxing, you're you're the muscles are relaxing, and you're resting, eventually you go, and you're resting, eventually you go, and you're resting, eventually you go, you know, for you go to sleep. Uh it's you know, for you go to sleep. Uh it's you know, for you go to sleep. Uh it's the in during the decrease in the the in during the decrease in the the in during the decrease in the resistance, now the cell says, "Next resistance, now the cell says, "Next resistance, now the cell says, "Next time this happens, I better be ready. time this happens, I better be ready. time this happens, I better be ready. Like this was really uncomfortable. It Like this was really uncomfortable. It Like this was really uncomfortable. It was too much energy shoved into a system was too much energy shoved into a system was too much energy shoved into a system that couldn't take it. Right? So, I need that couldn't take it. Right? So, I need that couldn't take it. Right? So, I need I'm going to make more mitochondria." I'm going to make more mitochondria." I'm going to make more mitochondria." So, that That's what happens if you go So, that That's what happens if you go So, that That's what happens if you go from being a sedentary couch potato, from being a sedentary couch potato, from being a sedentary couch potato, right? To training for a marathon. You right? To training for a marathon. You right? To training for a marathon. You can double the amount of mitochondria can double the amount of mitochondria can double the amount of mitochondria you have in your muscles. you have in your muscles. you have in your muscles. And that's the system feeling the the And that's the system feeling the the And that's the system feeling the the rise in resistance, like I don't have rise in resistance, like I don't have rise in resistance, like I don't have the capacity to flow that much energy, the capacity to flow that much energy, the capacity to flow that much energy, and then and then and then adapting for this for the next time. It adapting for this for the next time. It adapting for this for the next time. It said, "Next time I'm going to be ready. said, "Next time I'm going to be ready. said, "Next time I'm going to be ready. Let's make more mitochondria." So, Let's make more mitochondria." So, Let's make more mitochondria." So, that's probably what where the benefits that's probably what where the benefits that's probably what where the benefits of exercise come from. This the spiking of exercise come from. This the spiking of exercise come from. This the spiking and and why stress is is not a bad thing and and why stress is is not a bad thing and and why stress is is not a bad thing intrinsically, right? If you have a intrinsically, right? If you have a intrinsically, right? If you have a spike of stress, it stimulates the spike of stress, it stimulates the spike of stress, it stimulates the process the the the it stimulates the process the the the it stimulates the process the the the it stimulates the body to put in place things that in the body to put in place things that in the body to put in place things that in the long run makes you more efficient, long run makes you more efficient, long run makes you more efficient, decreases your resistance. Then you can decreases your resistance. Then you can decreases your resistance. Then you can go through life with with less go through life with with less go through life with with less resistance. resistance. resistance. >> Coming back to this gray hair thing. So, >> Coming back to this gray hair thing. So, >> Coming back to this gray hair thing. So, if if we consider gray hair, my hair if if we consider gray hair, my hair if if we consider gray hair, my hair going gray, going gray, going gray, to be the last domino that fell. to be the last domino that fell. to be the last domino that fell. So, like the symptom. So, like the symptom. So, like the symptom. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Then what is what are the what what is >> Then what is what are the what what is >> Then what is what are the what what is the first domino? the first domino? the first domino? >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> And can you walk me through the sequence >> And can you walk me through the sequence >> And can you walk me through the sequence of events? Because one would assume that of events? Because one would assume that of events? Because one would assume that if I understand that sequence of events, if I understand that sequence of events, if I understand that sequence of events, I can also understand how to then I can also understand how to then I can also understand how to then reverse it. reverse it. reverse it. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> How to kind of take I've got a couple of >> How to kind of take I've got a couple of >> How to kind of take I've got a couple of gray hairs now. And I actually gray hairs now. And I actually gray hairs now. And I actually anecdotally do think, weirdly now you've anecdotally do think, weirdly now you've anecdotally do think, weirdly now you've said this, said this, said this, that I have like gray hair flare-ups that I have like gray hair flare-ups that I have like gray hair flare-ups where I'll go I'll, you know, go through where I'll go I'll, you know, go through where I'll go I'll, you know, go through a couple of weeks or months of doing a couple of weeks or months of doing a couple of weeks or months of doing something and I'll look in the mirror something and I'll look in the mirror something and I'll look in the mirror and be like, "What? I have 12 now?" and be like, "What? I have 12 now?" and be like, "What? I have 12 now?" I'm being generous there. There's more I'm being generous there. There's more I'm being generous there. There's more like 25. [laughter] like 25. [laughter] like 25. [laughter] I have I have 25 now. In terms of those I have I have 25 now. In terms of those I have I have 25 now. In terms of those dominoes, the symptom is gray hair. What dominoes, the symptom is gray hair. What dominoes, the symptom is gray hair. What is the first domino that that falls? And is the first domino that that falls? And is the first domino that that falls? And what is the sequence of events that what is the sequence of events that what is the sequence of events that leads to the gray hair in the follicle? leads to the gray hair in the follicle? leads to the gray hair in the follicle? >> So, there's a finite energy budget. >> So, there's a finite energy budget. >> So, there's a finite energy budget. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> And then what the organism does is it >> And then what the organism does is it >> And then what the organism does is it allocates energy in different places, allocates energy in different places, allocates energy in different places, like a business, right? You have this like a business, right? You have this like a business, right? You have this budget, do I put more energy here? If do budget, do I put more energy here? If do budget, do I put more energy here? If do I put, you know, more resources here? If I put, you know, more resources here? If I put, you know, more resources here? If so, I need to take resources away from so, I need to take resources away from so, I need to take resources away from here, right? So, as stress happens in here, right? So, as stress happens in here, right? So, as stress happens in your life, it pulls energy away from your life, it pulls energy away from your life, it pulls energy away from some of the things that keep you young. some of the things that keep you young. some of the things that keep you young. Right? So, there's Right? So, there's Right? So, there's there's a kind of a hierarchy of energy there's a kind of a hierarchy of energy there's a kind of a hierarchy of energy needs in the body. Not everything can be needs in the body. Not everything can be needs in the body. Not everything can be prioritized the same way. You know prioritized the same way. You know prioritized the same way. You know Maslow's hierarchy of human needs? Maslow's hierarchy of human needs? Maslow's hierarchy of human needs? >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah? So, Maslow's insight was uh >> Yeah? So, Maslow's insight was uh >> Yeah? So, Maslow's insight was uh >> Oh my god, I just freaked out. My hand >> Oh my god, I just freaked out. My hand >> Oh my god, I just freaked out. My hand reached down and I just felt someone's reached down and I just felt someone's reached down and I just felt someone's head. head. head. It was just It was just It was just I just I just I just >> Acute stress response. >> Acute stress response. >> Acute stress response. >> Yeah, I just [laughter] got Yeah, caught >> Yeah, I just [laughter] got Yeah, caught >> Yeah, I just [laughter] got Yeah, caught off guard. Sorry. Maslow's hierarchy of off guard. Sorry. Maslow's hierarchy of off guard. Sorry. Maslow's hierarchy of needs. needs. needs. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. So, there's there's a hierarchy of So, there's there's a hierarchy of So, there's there's a hierarchy of energy needs in the body that's works energy needs in the body that's works energy needs in the body that's works similarly to Maslow's hierarchy of similarly to Maslow's hierarchy of similarly to Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Maslow said, "Uh for a human needs. Maslow said, "Uh for a human needs. Maslow said, "Uh for a human being to be fully realized, first, you being to be fully realized, first, you being to be fully realized, first, you need to have safety and food and shelter need to have safety and food and shelter need to have safety and food and shelter secured, right?" Once you have this and secured, right?" Once you have this and secured, right?" Once you have this and you feel this is kind of covered in your you feel this is kind of covered in your you feel this is kind of covered in your life, then you can start to think about life, then you can start to think about life, then you can start to think about building relationships with other building relationships with other building relationships with other people, right? Loving relationships. people, right? Loving relationships. people, right? Loving relationships. Once you have this settled, now you can Once you have this settled, now you can Once you have this settled, now you can start to think about building your start to think about building your start to think about building your skills, right? Like becoming really good skills, right? Like becoming really good skills, right? Like becoming really good at something. Uh and then once you have at something. Uh and then once you have at something. Uh and then once you have this covered, now you can devote energy this covered, now you can devote energy this covered, now you can devote energy to the more frivolous things like to the more frivolous things like to the more frivolous things like spirituality, what do you call spirituality, what do you call spirituality, what do you call self-actualization, and kind of becoming self-actualization, and kind of becoming self-actualization, and kind of becoming your best self, flourishing. Uh so, he your best self, flourishing. Uh so, he your best self, flourishing. Uh so, he saw this very much as a this is this saw this very much as a this is this saw this very much as a this is this needs to be covered uh and when things needs to be covered uh and when things needs to be covered uh and when things get really hard and there are get really hard and there are get really hard and there are constraints on your life, the first constraints on your life, the first constraints on your life, the first thing to go is the top of the pyramid, thing to go is the top of the pyramid, thing to go is the top of the pyramid, right? Your meditation practice or the right? Your meditation practice or the right? Your meditation practice or the long-term type like I'm going to be a long-term type like I'm going to be a long-term type like I'm going to be a better person. No, like I need to make better person. No, like I need to make better person. No, like I need to make sure we can put food on the table next sure we can put food on the table next sure we can put food on the table next week, right? Um so, this hierarchy of of week, right? Um so, this hierarchy of of week, right? Um so, this hierarchy of of human needs, I think, aligns with human needs, I think, aligns with human needs, I think, aligns with hierarchy of hierarchy of hierarchy of uh of energy needs in the body. And as uh of energy needs in the body. And as uh of energy needs in the body. And as far as the importance of hair color far as the importance of hair color far as the importance of hair color goes, it's pretty low on the hierarchy. goes, it's pretty low on the hierarchy. goes, it's pretty low on the hierarchy. So, as the body gets older and you have So, as the body gets older and you have So, as the body gets older and you have more and more cells in the body that more and more cells in the body that more and more cells in the body that start to start to start to uh be less efficient, right? Their uh be less efficient, right? Their uh be less efficient, right? Their mitochondria are working a little, you mitochondria are working a little, you mitochondria are working a little, you know, less efficiently and know, less efficiently and know, less efficiently and uh and then there there's more uh and then there there's more uh and then there there's more inflammation in the body that's costing inflammation in the body that's costing inflammation in the body that's costing energy, and uh energy, and uh energy, and uh there's there's there's more worries about, you know, more worries about, you know, more worries about, you know, professional obligations and all these professional obligations and all these professional obligations and all these things kind of stack up and steal energy things kind of stack up and steal energy things kind of stack up and steal energy away from the things that are there. We away from the things that are there. We away from the things that are there. We call them growth, maintenance, and call them growth, maintenance, and call them growth, maintenance, and repair. These are like the anti-aging repair. These are like the anti-aging repair. These are like the anti-aging processes in in the body. And those need processes in in the body. And those need processes in in the body. And those need energy, but they're not as important as energy, but they're not as important as energy, but they're not as important as you know, facing the stressor that you you know, facing the stressor that you you know, facing the stressor that you think is life-threatening now. think is life-threatening now. think is life-threatening now. >> So, if there's a lion chasing me, my >> So, if there's a lion chasing me, my >> So, if there's a lion chasing me, my body's going to commit all the the body's going to commit all the the body's going to commit all the the energy I have to getting away from this energy I have to getting away from this energy I have to getting away from this lion and it might say, "Listen, Stephen, lion and it might say, "Listen, Stephen, lion and it might say, "Listen, Stephen, we're not going to repair the skin next we're not going to repair the skin next we're not going to repair the skin next to your eyes. You're going to get a to your eyes. You're going to get a to your eyes. You're going to get a couple more wrinkles and we're not going couple more wrinkles and we're not going couple more wrinkles and we're not going to make your We're not going to commit to make your We're not going to commit to make your We're not going to commit energy to making sure your follicles in energy to making sure your follicles in energy to making sure your follicles in your hair produce black pigment or your hair produce black pigment or your hair produce black pigment or whatever." whatever." whatever." >> Exactly. >> Exactly. >> Exactly. >> So, I would then look aged. I would look >> So, I would then look aged. I would look >> So, I would then look aged. I would look old older. old older. old older. >> But, that's because all of my energy's >> But, that's because all of my energy's >> But, that's because all of my energy's been going to something else which my been going to something else which my been going to something else which my body considers to be a higher priority. body considers to be a higher priority. body considers to be a higher priority. >> Correct. >> Correct. >> Correct. >> Which also brings me to, I guess, >> Which also brings me to, I guess, >> Which also brings me to, I guess, the famous the famous the famous what we always talk about with what we always talk about with what we always talk about with presidents because presidents go into presidents because presidents go into presidents because presidents go into office often with dark hair. office often with dark hair. office often with dark hair. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> And they come out with gray hair. And >> And they come out with gray hair. And >> And they come out with gray hair. And usually one does not age that quickly in usually one does not age that quickly in usually one does not age that quickly in 8 years. We see the same in the Premier 8 years. We see the same in the Premier 8 years. We see the same in the Premier League with football managers. League with football managers. League with football managers. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> They walk in on that first day, they >> They walk in on that first day, they >> They walk in on that first day, they look very sprightly and energetic. And look very sprightly and energetic. And look very sprightly and energetic. And uh 2 years later, they have have gray uh 2 years later, they have have gray uh 2 years later, they have have gray hair, bags under their eyes, wrinkles, hair, bags under their eyes, wrinkles, hair, bags under their eyes, wrinkles, and they look like they've aged 10 and they look like they've aged 10 and they look like they've aged 10 years. years. years. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> So, you're telling me actually that the >> So, you're telling me actually that the >> So, you're telling me actually that the the real secret to anti-aging, if there the real secret to anti-aging, if there the real secret to anti-aging, if there was one, was one, was one, is this. is this. is this. >> Is the proper allocation of energy. So, if you don't waste energy stressing So, if you don't waste energy stressing out about the future and the past, out about the future and the past, out about the future and the past, and you can spend more time in the and you can spend more time in the and you can spend more time in the moment not being overly reactive to moment not being overly reactive to moment not being overly reactive to things, things, things, which uh is kind of a a lifelong effort, which uh is kind of a a lifelong effort, which uh is kind of a a lifelong effort, then more of that precious energy can go then more of that precious energy can go then more of that precious energy can go towards anti-aging. towards anti-aging. towards anti-aging. >> Can I also pull more energy in the top? >> Can I also pull more energy in the top? >> Can I also pull more energy in the top? Like, can I just if I get more energy, Like, can I just if I get more energy, Like, can I just if I get more energy, does that mean that there's less does that mean that there's less does that mean that there's less likelihood that we're going to run out likelihood that we're going to run out likelihood that we're going to run out of energy when it comes to my hair of energy when it comes to my hair of energy when it comes to my hair follicles being black or gray? follicles being black or gray? follicles being black or gray? >> Yeah. The thing is it doesn't look like >> Yeah. The thing is it doesn't look like >> Yeah. The thing is it doesn't look like we have that flexibility. Like, if you we have that flexibility. Like, if you we have that flexibility. Like, if you want to have more energy and you want to want to have more energy and you want to want to have more energy and you want to age more slowly, uh eating more does is age more slowly, uh eating more does is age more slowly, uh eating more does is not going to give you more energy. not going to give you more energy. not going to give you more energy. >> So, is there anything I can do to have >> So, is there anything I can do to have >> So, is there anything I can do to have more energy available? more energy available? more energy available? >> Uh you you can become more efficient. >> Uh you you can become more efficient. >> Uh you you can become more efficient. >> I can become more efficient, but I can't >> I can become more efficient, but I can't >> I can become more efficient, but I can't put more in. put more in. put more in. >> No. >> No. >> No. >> Hm. >> Hm. >> Hm. And how does one become more efficient And how does one become more efficient And how does one become more efficient then? You know, you said about stress. then? You know, you said about stress. then? You know, you said about stress. Okay, I'm going to live a less stressed Okay, I'm going to live a less stressed Okay, I'm going to live a less stressed life. life. life. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. It seems like It seems like It seems like there's a few things that we know makes there's a few things that we know makes there's a few things that we know makes organism more efficient. One is organism more efficient. One is organism more efficient. One is exercising. exercising. exercising. >> Okay. >> Okay. >> Okay. >> Right? Because when you exercise again, >> Right? Because when you exercise again, >> Right? Because when you exercise again, you're increasing energy resistance, you're increasing energy resistance, you're increasing energy resistance, uncomfortable, potentially you're uncomfortable, potentially you're uncomfortable, potentially you're damaging things, right? Because you're damaging things, right? Because you're damaging things, right? Because you're you're uh you're uh you're uh increasing what we call dissipated increasing what we call dissipated increasing what we call dissipated losses, right? losses, right? losses, right? Oxidative stress and all sorts of things Oxidative stress and all sorts of things Oxidative stress and all sorts of things happen during the happen during the happen during the during the exercise, but then when you during the exercise, but then when you during the exercise, but then when you recover, now the body's like, "Next time recover, now the body's like, "Next time recover, now the body's like, "Next time this happens, I'm going to be ready." this happens, I'm going to be ready." this happens, I'm going to be ready." And And And the process of getting ready to to go the process of getting ready to to go the process of getting ready to to go through a high resistance, you know, gym through a high resistance, you know, gym through a high resistance, you know, gym session is that you make more session is that you make more session is that you make more mitochondria, right? Your muscles get mitochondria, right? Your muscles get mitochondria, right? Your muscles get bigger and stronger, and your heart bigger and stronger, and your heart bigger and stronger, and your heart becomes more efficient, and your becomes more efficient, and your becomes more efficient, and your arteries, you know, become more become arteries, you know, become more become arteries, you know, become more become softer, and you develop, you know, the softer, and you develop, you know, the softer, and you develop, you know, the the confidence that you can do this the confidence that you can do this the confidence that you can do this well. Um and then it becomes rewarding. well. Um and then it becomes rewarding. well. Um and then it becomes rewarding. You you know, it becomes enjoyable. So, You you know, it becomes enjoyable. So, You you know, it becomes enjoyable. So, all of these things, now that you're off all of these things, now that you're off all of these things, now that you're off the gym session, the gym session, the gym session, >> Mhm. [clears throat] >> Mhm. [clears throat] >> Mhm. [clears throat] >> right? You spent an hour in the gym >> right? You spent an hour in the gym >> right? You spent an hour in the gym telling the body, "This is what we're telling the body, "This is what we're telling the body, "This is what we're going to do in the future." And then the going to do in the future." And then the going to do in the future." And then the body's like, "Okay, I'm going to get body's like, "Okay, I'm going to get body's like, "Okay, I'm going to get ready." ready." ready." If there's a fixed energy budget, the If there's a fixed energy budget, the If there's a fixed energy budget, the only way really to to get ready for this only way really to to get ready for this only way really to to get ready for this is to become more efficient. So, by is to become more efficient. So, by is to become more efficient. So, by having more mitochondria, by having a having more mitochondria, by having a having more mitochondria, by having a more fluid um and kind of flexible more fluid um and kind of flexible more fluid um and kind of flexible cardiovascular system, and uh by putting cardiovascular system, and uh by putting cardiovascular system, and uh by putting in place all of these changes, in place all of these changes, in place all of these changes, decreasing inflammation, right? All of decreasing inflammation, right? All of decreasing inflammation, right? All of these things make energy more energy these things make energy more energy these things make energy more energy available. It decreases the energetic available. It decreases the energetic available. It decreases the energetic cost of doing the activity, cost of doing the activity, cost of doing the activity, and then there's more energy available and then there's more energy available and then there's more energy available for anti-aging, growth, maintenance, and for anti-aging, growth, maintenance, and for anti-aging, growth, maintenance, and repair, vitality. So, I suspect that's repair, vitality. So, I suspect that's repair, vitality. So, I suspect that's why you burn more energy when you why you burn more energy when you why you burn more energy when you exercise, but you feel like you have exercise, but you feel like you have exercise, but you feel like you have more. And you don't actually have more. more. And you don't actually have more. more. And you don't actually have more. The feeling that you have more energy is The feeling that you have more energy is The feeling that you have more energy is simply energy's flowing more smoothly simply energy's flowing more smoothly simply energy's flowing more smoothly through this thing. through this thing. through this thing. >> It's more efficient. I've got more >> It's more efficient. I've got more >> It's more efficient. I've got more mitochondria. mitochondria. mitochondria. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Okay. >> Okay. >> Okay. What what else? What what else? What what else? What about food? You know, I've I've What about food? You know, I've I've What about food? You know, I've I've uh I've got coffee here. I've got some uh I've got coffee here. I've got some uh I've got coffee here. I've got some alcohol here. I've got the sugar. What I consume, how does that impact the What I consume, how does that impact the efficiency of the energy flowing through efficiency of the energy flowing through efficiency of the energy flowing through my body? my body? my body? >> Yeah, great question. Uh alcohol, what >> Yeah, great question. Uh alcohol, what >> Yeah, great question. Uh alcohol, what we know about alcohol is that we know about alcohol is that we know about alcohol is that as we talked about earlier, nothing is as we talked about earlier, nothing is as we talked about earlier, nothing is free in biology, right? So, if you put free in biology, right? So, if you put free in biology, right? So, if you put something in the body that shouldn't be something in the body that shouldn't be something in the body that shouldn't be there, effectively a toxin like ethanol, there, effectively a toxin like ethanol, there, effectively a toxin like ethanol, which is what's in there, uh it's going which is what's in there, uh it's going which is what's in there, uh it's going to cost energy to get rid of it. to cost energy to get rid of it. to cost energy to get rid of it. So, there are detoxification systems in So, there are detoxification systems in So, there are detoxification systems in your liver, primarily, that takes your liver, primarily, that takes your liver, primarily, that takes alcohol, breaks down the molecule, and alcohol, breaks down the molecule, and alcohol, breaks down the molecule, and then you can pee it out, right? Or then you can pee it out, right? Or then you can pee it out, right? Or metabolize it for energy even. Uh so, metabolize it for energy even. Uh so, metabolize it for energy even. Uh so, there's a bunch of of energy in ethanol, there's a bunch of of energy in ethanol, there's a bunch of of energy in ethanol, but when you take alcohol, it doesn't but when you take alcohol, it doesn't but when you take alcohol, it doesn't give you more energy. If anything, the give you more energy. If anything, the give you more energy. If anything, the next day you feel like because what next day you feel like because what next day you feel like because what happens is you you waste energy happens is you you waste energy happens is you you waste energy degrading the alcohol, right? And even degrading the alcohol, right? And even degrading the alcohol, right? And even though it's a net plus, you're putting though it's a net plus, you're putting though it's a net plus, you're putting calories in the machine in the body, uh calories in the machine in the body, uh calories in the machine in the body, uh but uh but uh but uh what ends up happening is you burn what ends up happening is you burn what ends up happening is you burn energy getting rid of it. So, there's a energy getting rid of it. So, there's a energy getting rid of it. So, there's a cool study where they brought people in, cool study where they brought people in, cool study where they brought people in, they gave them a bunch of alcohol, they they gave them a bunch of alcohol, they they gave them a bunch of alcohol, they they're, you know, effectively they're, you know, effectively they're, you know, effectively effectively drunk, and then they effectively drunk, and then they effectively drunk, and then they measured how much energy are they measured how much energy are they measured how much energy are they burning. And you can do those kind of burning. And you can do those kind of burning. And you can do those kind of studies, we've we've done those studies studies, we've we've done those studies studies, we've we've done those studies in the lab. In a small room, you put a in the lab. In a small room, you put a in the lab. In a small room, you put a human being, and then you just measure human being, and then you just measure human being, and then you just measure how much energy does it cost for them to how much energy does it cost for them to how much energy does it cost for them to stay alive, right? And you ask them to stay alive, right? And you ask them to stay alive, right? And you ask them to not do too much in the smaller room, not do too much in the smaller room, not do too much in the smaller room, they're just sitting down reading a they're just sitting down reading a they're just sitting down reading a book. Um and then then you can ask them, book. Um and then then you can ask them, book. Um and then then you can ask them, "Okay, now drink this alcohol." And then "Okay, now drink this alcohol." And then "Okay, now drink this alcohol." And then you measure, you look you're minute by you measure, you look you're minute by you measure, you look you're minute by minute, they drink the alcohol, and then minute, they drink the alcohol, and then minute, they drink the alcohol, and then you start to see, "Woo, it climbs up." you start to see, "Woo, it climbs up." you start to see, "Woo, it climbs up." So, the alcohol, even though you feel So, the alcohol, even though you feel So, the alcohol, even though you feel relaxed, inside, under the hood, the relaxed, inside, under the hood, the relaxed, inside, under the hood, the body's like burning energy to get rid of body's like burning energy to get rid of body's like burning energy to get rid of the alcohol. And other toxins probably the alcohol. And other toxins probably the alcohol. And other toxins probably work the same way, you know, pesticides work the same way, you know, pesticides work the same way, you know, pesticides or kind of the things we eat that we or kind of the things we eat that we or kind of the things we eat that we shouldn't be eating. The reason why shouldn't be eating. The reason why shouldn't be eating. The reason why those things might be bad for our health those things might be bad for our health those things might be bad for our health maybe because they they steal energy maybe because they they steal energy maybe because they they steal energy away from, you know, a growing body, for away from, you know, a growing body, for away from, you know, a growing body, for example. example. example. Uh there's good data in uh South Uh there's good data in uh South Uh there's good data in uh South America. Children who are exposed to America. Children who are exposed to America. Children who are exposed to more pathogens, right? There's no more pathogens, right? There's no more pathogens, right? There's no sanitation, they walk barefoot, they sanitation, they walk barefoot, they sanitation, they walk barefoot, they they eat stuff, you know, that's not they eat stuff, you know, that's not they eat stuff, you know, that's not clean, then um they have more pathogens clean, then um they have more pathogens clean, then um they have more pathogens uh in their gut, right? There's there's uh in their gut, right? There's there's uh in their gut, right? There's there's more more more uh viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Uh uh viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Uh uh viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Uh it costs energy to fight those things it costs energy to fight those things it costs energy to fight those things off. off. off. That's why you feel like when That's why you feel like when That's why you feel like when you're burning when when you're fighting you're burning when when you're fighting you're burning when when you're fighting a flu, for example. Right? Your immune a flu, for example. Right? Your immune a flu, for example. Right? Your immune system your immune cells are like, system your immune cells are like, system your immune cells are like, "Whoa, you know, virus, like COVID or, "Whoa, you know, virus, like COVID or, "Whoa, you know, virus, like COVID or, you know, any, you know, seasonal flu you know, any, you know, seasonal flu you know, any, you know, seasonal flu virus." The immune system goes into virus." The immune system goes into virus." The immune system goes into overdrive to kill this virus and get rid overdrive to kill this virus and get rid overdrive to kill this virus and get rid of it. And then that the immune system of it. And then that the immune system of it. And then that the immune system steals energy away from the brain, from steals energy away from the brain, from steals energy away from the brain, from from your mind, and then you feel like, from your mind, and then you feel like, from your mind, and then you feel like, "Oh, everything is so difficult. You "Oh, everything is so difficult. You "Oh, everything is so difficult. You just want to be in bed, over covers, you just want to be in bed, over covers, you just want to be in bed, over covers, you feel cold," which is strategy to feel cold," which is strategy to feel cold," which is strategy to basically save energy. So, all of the basically save energy. So, all of the basically save energy. So, all of the what's called sickness behavior, right? what's called sickness behavior, right? what's called sickness behavior, right? All of those features of your behavior, All of those features of your behavior, All of those features of your behavior, you become antisocial, right? Your skin you become antisocial, right? Your skin you become antisocial, right? Your skin is more sensitive, so you avoid moving. is more sensitive, so you avoid moving. is more sensitive, so you avoid moving. Uh Uh Uh it's like all of those features can be it's like all of those features can be it's like all of those features can be understood as energy conservation understood as energy conservation understood as energy conservation strategies. strategies. strategies. >> Stressors, >> Stressors, >> Stressors, alcohol, parasites, alcohol, parasites, alcohol, parasites, all kind of have this increased the the all kind of have this increased the the all kind of have this increased the the cost of living. Uh and then because cost of living. Uh and then because cost of living. Uh and then because there's a cap on your energy budget, uh there's a cap on your energy budget, uh there's a cap on your energy budget, uh then that energy needs to be coming from then that energy needs to be coming from then that energy needs to be coming from somewhere else. somewhere else. somewhere else. >> And if you're in those states for long >> And if you're in those states for long >> And if you're in those states for long periods of time, you're in a chronic periods of time, you're in a chronic periods of time, you're in a chronic state of um I guess like energetic state of um I guess like energetic state of um I guess like energetic distraction is the way I think about it. distraction is the way I think about it. distraction is the way I think about it. >> That's that's a cool way to think about >> That's that's a cool way to think about >> That's that's a cool way to think about it. it. it. >> I was thinking about it. I was thinking >> I was thinking about it. I was thinking >> I was thinking about it. I was thinking about it like if you you about it like if you you about it like if you you my body has an army of 10 soldiers. my body has an army of 10 soldiers. my body has an army of 10 soldiers. And usually those 10 soldiers are like And usually those 10 soldiers are like And usually those 10 soldiers are like at work doing the things that I need to at work doing the things that I need to at work doing the things that I need to do to survive and grow and flourish. And do to survive and grow and flourish. And do to survive and grow and flourish. And then when I have one of these, I don't then when I have one of these, I don't then when I have one of these, I don't know, some sort of toxic substance comes know, some sort of toxic substance comes know, some sort of toxic substance comes into my body, into my body, into my body, you're basically saying that four of you're basically saying that four of you're basically saying that four of those soldiers have to be reassigned to those soldiers have to be reassigned to those soldiers have to be reassigned to go deal with this invader. go deal with this invader. go deal with this invader. And so now I only have six that are And so now I only have six that are And so now I only have six that are focused on focused on focused on everything I need to flourish, which is everything I need to flourish, which is everything I need to flourish, which is why I I probably feel why I I probably feel why I I probably feel >> Mhm. Sometimes. >> Mhm. Sometimes. >> Mhm. Sometimes. >> Yeah, exactly. >> Yeah, exactly. >> Yeah, exactly. >> Um And what if if there's only six >> Um And what if if there's only six >> Um And what if if there's only six working on working on working on my you know, fundamental requirements to my you know, fundamental requirements to my you know, fundamental requirements to flourish, flourish, flourish, then then then some of those things are going to have some of those things are going to have some of those things are going to have to give way, and I might end up with to give way, and I might end up with to give way, and I might end up with gray hair, and I might end up with gray hair, and I might end up with gray hair, and I might end up with wrinkles, or wrinkles, or wrinkles, or maybe my brain won't function the same. maybe my brain won't function the same. maybe my brain won't function the same. Maybe Maybe Maybe >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> disease >> disease >> disease >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> You know, my immune system won't be >> You know, my immune system won't be >> You know, my immune system won't be taken care of in the same way. taken care of in the same way. taken care of in the same way. >> Yeah. Immune system won't be there >> Yeah. Immune system won't be there >> Yeah. Immune system won't be there clearing the cancerous cells, for clearing the cancerous cells, for clearing the cancerous cells, for example. Um and the repair processes example. Um and the repair processes example. Um and the repair processes that happen all the time in the brain, that happen all the time in the brain, that happen all the time in the brain, right? Clearing out proteins that you right? Clearing out proteins that you right? Clearing out proteins that you don't need, uh repairing don't need, uh repairing don't need, uh repairing damage DNA that's get gotten damaged, or damage DNA that's get gotten damaged, or damage DNA that's get gotten damaged, or making new mitochondria. All of these making new mitochondria. All of these making new mitochondria. All of these processes happen like every day. Every processes happen like every day. Every processes happen like every day. Every day you go through a little phase of day you go through a little phase of day you go through a little phase of getting rid of the things that don't getting rid of the things that don't getting rid of the things that don't work too well to make work too well to make work too well to make more of the things that work well, like more of the things that work well, like more of the things that work well, like mitochondria. Quality control it's mitochondria. Quality control it's mitochondria. Quality control it's called. Right? So, there's this quality called. Right? So, there's this quality called. Right? So, there's this quality control cycle. Old mitochondria that control cycle. Old mitochondria that control cycle. Old mitochondria that don't work too too well anymore, they don't work too too well anymore, they don't work too too well anymore, they get degraded. It's called mitophagy. get degraded. It's called mitophagy. get degraded. It's called mitophagy. Autophagy is self-eating. Mitophagy is Autophagy is self-eating. Mitophagy is Autophagy is self-eating. Mitophagy is self-eating of the mitochondria. self-eating of the mitochondria. self-eating of the mitochondria. So, when a cell, for example, is is So, when a cell, for example, is is So, when a cell, for example, is is hungry, if you pull energy away from the hungry, if you pull energy away from the hungry, if you pull energy away from the cell, the cell goes into a mode like, cell, the cell goes into a mode like, cell, the cell goes into a mode like, "Oh I might run out of energy. I "Oh I might run out of energy. I "Oh I might run out of energy. I need to be really efficient here. So, need to be really efficient here. So, need to be really efficient here. So, let's get rid of those mitochondria that let's get rid of those mitochondria that let's get rid of those mitochondria that aren't really contributing their share, aren't really contributing their share, aren't really contributing their share, uh and then I'll have just the best uh and then I'll have just the best uh and then I'll have just the best functioning mitochondria." And then when functioning mitochondria." And then when functioning mitochondria." And then when food comes back on board, the cell makes food comes back on board, the cell makes food comes back on board, the cell makes more of the better ones. more of the better ones. more of the better ones. >> It made me think of Alzheimer's and >> It made me think of Alzheimer's and >> It made me think of Alzheimer's and dementia, weirdly, because dementia, weirdly, because dementia, weirdly, because I don't really know a huge amount about I don't really know a huge amount about I don't really know a huge amount about Alzheimer's and dementia, but I know Alzheimer's and dementia, but I know Alzheimer's and dementia, but I know that something clearly goes wrong in the that something clearly goes wrong in the that something clearly goes wrong in the body that produces these plaques. body that produces these plaques. body that produces these plaques. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> And you know, you often hear that >> And you know, you often hear that >> And you know, you often hear that there's lots of things we consume or do there's lots of things we consume or do there's lots of things we consume or do that increase our probability of getting that increase our probability of getting that increase our probability of getting Alzheimer's and dementia. Alzheimer's and dementia. Alzheimer's and dementia. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> So, is that at all linked to the same >> So, is that at all linked to the same >> So, is that at all linked to the same sort of like energy distraction? sort of like energy distraction? sort of like energy distraction? >> Yes. It's been long believed that the >> Yes. It's been long believed that the >> Yes. It's been long believed that the plaque, right, that you've heard about, plaque, right, that you've heard about, plaque, right, that you've heard about, amyloid plaques and tau tangles, and amyloid plaques and tau tangles, and amyloid plaques and tau tangles, and there's kind of this idea that the brain there's kind of this idea that the brain there's kind of this idea that the brain accumulates proteins, and it's those accumulates proteins, and it's those accumulates proteins, and it's those proteins that cause Alzheimer's. proteins that cause Alzheimer's. proteins that cause Alzheimer's. I think that's what most people have I think that's what most people have I think that's what most people have heard and what most people believe heard and what most people believe heard and what most people believe because it came from, you know, white because it came from, you know, white because it came from, you know, white coat-wearing scientists and coat-wearing scientists and coat-wearing scientists and university professors. university professors. university professors. Um that is not the truth. Um that is not the truth. Um that is not the truth. And what is more true is and and and And what is more true is and and and And what is more true is and and and let me just say why it's not the truth. let me just say why it's not the truth. let me just say why it's not the truth. You can have people in their 60s and You can have people in their 60s and You can have people in their 60s and their 70s and their 80s, zero protein their 70s and their 80s, zero protein their 70s and their 80s, zero protein deposit in the brain. deposit in the brain. deposit in the brain. We can image this now pretty well with We can image this now pretty well with We can image this now pretty well with neuroimaging. You can have people zero neuroimaging. You can have people zero neuroimaging. You can have people zero protein deposit in the brain, and they protein deposit in the brain, and they protein deposit in the brain, and they have full-blown Alzheimer's and have full-blown Alzheimer's and have full-blown Alzheimer's and dementia. dementia. dementia. And you have the other extreme, And you have the other extreme, And you have the other extreme, people with loads of people with loads of people with loads of amyloid plaques and tau tangles, amyloid plaques and tau tangles, amyloid plaques and tau tangles, completely normal cognition. completely normal cognition. completely normal cognition. So, those extremes really tell us this So, those extremes really tell us this So, those extremes really tell us this hypothesis, this amyloid, you know, hypothesis, this amyloid, you know, hypothesis, this amyloid, you know, protein aggregates in the brain as a protein aggregates in the brain as a protein aggregates in the brain as a driver of dementia and driver of dementia and driver of dementia and neurodegeneration, is not correct. neurodegeneration, is not correct. neurodegeneration, is not correct. Uh what we know happens energetically in Uh what we know happens energetically in Uh what we know happens energetically in the brain is that initially, in the the brain is that initially, in the the brain is that initially, in the early stages of Alzheimer's, there's early stages of Alzheimer's, there's early stages of Alzheimer's, there's kind of an increase in energy demand. kind of an increase in energy demand. kind of an increase in energy demand. And there there are specific brain And there there are specific brain And there there are specific brain regions that tend to be more affected in regions that tend to be more affected in regions that tend to be more affected in some people, not all not all people tend some people, not all not all people tend some people, not all not all people tend to have those protein deposits. Those to have those protein deposits. Those to have those protein deposits. Those regions start start to burn more energy. regions start start to burn more energy. regions start start to burn more energy. This is early phase, right? And then at This is early phase, right? And then at This is early phase, right? And then at this point, probably this is the brain this point, probably this is the brain this point, probably this is the brain trying to cope. trying to cope. trying to cope. Right? It's like something's not working Right? It's like something's not working Right? It's like something's not working great, but it's working harder. great, but it's working harder. great, but it's working harder. >> Like like with the gray hair. >> Like like with the gray hair. >> Like like with the gray hair. >> Yeah, exactly. And then >> Yeah, exactly. And then >> Yeah, exactly. And then over time, the those brain regions over time, the those brain regions over time, the those brain regions become hypometabolic, and then that's become hypometabolic, and then that's become hypometabolic, and then that's when you start to have symptoms. when you start to have symptoms. when you start to have symptoms. >> What does that mean? >> What does that mean? >> What does that mean? >> That's that's when people start to have >> That's that's when people start to have >> That's that's when people start to have memory issues and memory issues and memory issues and >> You said hypometabolic. >> You said hypometabolic. >> You said hypometabolic. >> Hypometabolic, yes. This is >> Hypometabolic, yes. This is >> Hypometabolic, yes. This is hypermetabolic hypermetabolic hypermetabolic is kind of this energy distraction you is kind of this energy distraction you is kind of this energy distraction you were talking about. Like, there's more were talking about. Like, there's more were talking about. Like, there's more energy being burned here. Normal energy being burned here. Normal energy being burned here. Normal metabolic is, you know, you use 100 metabolic is, you know, you use 100 metabolic is, you know, you use 100 units of energy for the brain and this units of energy for the brain and this units of energy for the brain and this Let's say this brain region, 100 units Let's say this brain region, 100 units Let's say this brain region, 100 units of energy is what this brain region of energy is what this brain region of energy is what this brain region needs to just sustain normal healthy needs to just sustain normal healthy needs to just sustain normal healthy functions. Uh if there's a problem with functions. Uh if there's a problem with functions. Uh if there's a problem with the mitochondria or there's a problem the mitochondria or there's a problem the mitochondria or there's a problem with, you know, the cell communicating with, you know, the cell communicating with, you know, the cell communicating with the synapses, right? Cells talk to with the synapses, right? Cells talk to with the synapses, right? Cells talk to each other through these things called each other through these things called each other through these things called synapses. Uh if there's a problem, now synapses. Uh if there's a problem, now synapses. Uh if there's a problem, now the the that part of the brain is going the the that part of the brain is going the the that part of the brain is going to need to do more work to need to do more work to need to do more work to compensate. Uh and then we know to compensate. Uh and then we know to compensate. Uh and then we know something happens with neurodegeneration something happens with neurodegeneration something happens with neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's is inflammation, and Alzheimer's is inflammation, and Alzheimer's is inflammation, neuroinflammation. That basically means neuroinflammation. That basically means neuroinflammation. That basically means there's some cells in the brain that are there's some cells in the brain that are there's some cells in the brain that are trying to heal the brain. trying to heal the brain. trying to heal the brain. And part of that healing process is kind And part of that healing process is kind And part of that healing process is kind of a stress response locally. And then of a stress response locally. And then of a stress response locally. And then that stress response leads to the that stress response leads to the that stress response leads to the secretion of little proteins we call secretion of little proteins we call secretion of little proteins we call cytokines. And then it's basically those cytokines. And then it's basically those cytokines. And then it's basically those cells saying, "Something's wrong. cells saying, "Something's wrong. cells saying, "Something's wrong. We need to fix this." So, that costs We need to fix this." So, that costs We need to fix this." So, that costs energy. So, you have those cells that energy. So, you have those cells that energy. So, you have those cells that get activated, they they secrete those get activated, they they secrete those get activated, they they secrete those proteins to say, "Please help, you know, proteins to say, "Please help, you know, proteins to say, "Please help, you know, there we need to reestablish there we need to reestablish there we need to reestablish homeostasis. We need to reestablish homeostasis. We need to reestablish homeostasis. We need to reestablish normal healthy balance." But that normal healthy balance." But that normal healthy balance." But that process of reestablishing, of healing, process of reestablishing, of healing, process of reestablishing, of healing, costs energy. Just like when you're post costs energy. Just like when you're post costs energy. Just like when you're post exercise, your muscle invest energy to exercise, your muscle invest energy to exercise, your muscle invest energy to to become stronger. So, in that kind of to become stronger. So, in that kind of to become stronger. So, in that kind of early phase, hypermetabolism early phase, hypermetabolism early phase, hypermetabolism is when you spend more energy, hyper is when you spend more energy, hyper is when you spend more energy, hyper function, some people have called it. function, some people have called it. function, some people have called it. And then eventually it seems like those And then eventually it seems like those And then eventually it seems like those brain regions get tired out and then brain regions get tired out and then brain regions get tired out and then they they become hypometabolic, so they they they become hypometabolic, so they they they become hypometabolic, so they burn less energy. So, if you look at the burn less energy. So, if you look at the burn less energy. So, if you look at the brain of someone with Alzheimer's, brain of someone with Alzheimer's, brain of someone with Alzheimer's, there are these regions that are that there are these regions that are that there are these regions that are that burn less energy. And energy is so burn less energy. And energy is so burn less energy. And energy is so central to everything, including central to everything, including central to everything, including cognition, right? In order to have an cognition, right? In order to have an cognition, right? In order to have an idea and to be conscious of that idea, idea and to be conscious of that idea, idea and to be conscious of that idea, you need to burn energy. you need to burn energy. you need to burn energy. So, the the brain kind of So, the the brain kind of So, the the brain kind of burning less energy in later stages kind burning less energy in later stages kind burning less energy in later stages kind of reflects this lack of function. You of reflects this lack of function. You of reflects this lack of function. You know, the the it's difficult to know, the the it's difficult to know, the the it's difficult to remember, you know, old memories. It's remember, you know, old memories. It's remember, you know, old memories. It's it's remember it's difficult to to make it's remember it's difficult to to make it's remember it's difficult to to make associations. It becomes difficult to associations. It becomes difficult to associations. It becomes difficult to plan in the future plan in the future plan in the future and to regulate your emotions and you and to regulate your emotions and you and to regulate your emotions and you know, a lot of people with dementia end know, a lot of people with dementia end know, a lot of people with dementia end up having kind of mood issues. They up having kind of mood issues. They up having kind of mood issues. They become really depressed and it become really depressed and it become really depressed and it >> Is this is this what they call it type >> Is this is this what they call it type >> Is this is this what they call it type three diabetes? Cuz I've just heard that three diabetes? Cuz I've just heard that three diabetes? Cuz I've just heard that phrase quite a lot recently. phrase quite a lot recently. phrase quite a lot recently. >> Yeah. And >> Yeah. And >> Yeah. And So, my hunch is that Alzheimer's and So, my hunch is that Alzheimer's and So, my hunch is that Alzheimer's and dementia more generally is a disorder of dementia more generally is a disorder of dementia more generally is a disorder of energy. energy. energy. And And And specifically, it's a disorder of you specifically, it's a disorder of you specifically, it's a disorder of you know, increased energy resistance. know, increased energy resistance. know, increased energy resistance. So, there's type three diabetes comes So, there's type three diabetes comes So, there's type three diabetes comes from the fact that when the brain gets from the fact that when the brain gets from the fact that when the brain gets sick, right? And symptoms of dementia sick, right? And symptoms of dementia sick, right? And symptoms of dementia start to appear like loss of memory and start to appear like loss of memory and start to appear like loss of memory and mood and depression and that mood and depression and that mood and depression and that constellation of symptoms when you look constellation of symptoms when you look constellation of symptoms when you look in the brain, it's burning less energy. in the brain, it's burning less energy. in the brain, it's burning less energy. But, it's also harder for glucose to get But, it's also harder for glucose to get But, it's also harder for glucose to get inside the brain. inside the brain. inside the brain. >> It's less efficient. >> It's less efficient. >> It's less efficient. >> It's so there's yes, a loss of >> It's so there's yes, a loss of >> It's so there's yes, a loss of efficiency but an increased resistance, efficiency but an increased resistance, efficiency but an increased resistance, right? Or a decrease in conductance for right? Or a decrease in conductance for right? Or a decrease in conductance for energy for glucose for example, to get energy for glucose for example, to get energy for glucose for example, to get inside the brain to be processed and and inside the brain to be processed and and inside the brain to be processed and and be used. be used. be used. >> And why might that be? >> And why might that be? >> And why might that be? >> Because you're pushing too much glucose >> Because you're pushing too much glucose >> Because you're pushing too much glucose on the system. on the system. on the system. >> Oh, okay. >> Oh, okay. >> Oh, okay. >> If you load up the system all the time >> If you load up the system all the time >> If you load up the system all the time with with glucose, with sugar in the with with glucose, with sugar in the with with glucose, with sugar in the blood and glycemia is high, you have blood and glycemia is high, you have blood and glycemia is high, you have diabetes perhaps, this is all the time diabetes perhaps, this is all the time diabetes perhaps, this is all the time like pressure pushing energy onto this like pressure pushing energy onto this like pressure pushing energy onto this the system that's like really delicate the system that's like really delicate the system that's like really delicate and it's not like a jacking the the and it's not like a jacking the the and it's not like a jacking the the voltage on your lamp that eventually, voltage on your lamp that eventually, voltage on your lamp that eventually, you know, is going to catch fire. you know, is going to catch fire. you know, is going to catch fire. We are a slow burning fire. Right? Like We are a slow burning fire. Right? Like We are a slow burning fire. Right? Like the inside of our cells, you have the the inside of our cells, you have the the inside of our cells, you have the electrons flowing and when there's electrons flowing and when there's electrons flowing and when there's sparks flying, it damages the sparks flying, it damages the sparks flying, it damages the mitochondria. It damages this, damages mitochondria. It damages this, damages mitochondria. It damages this, damages that. And that increases that's what that. And that increases that's what that. And that increases that's what aging is. Aging the the most basic aging is. Aging the the most basic aging is. Aging the the most basic mechanism of aging mechanism of aging mechanism of aging including brain aging that leads to including brain aging that leads to including brain aging that leads to Alzheimer's is the accumulation of Alzheimer's is the accumulation of Alzheimer's is the accumulation of little damage, little mutations, little little damage, little mutations, little little damage, little mutations, little defects, little imperfections. And as defects, little imperfections. And as defects, little imperfections. And as the imperfections accumulate, the system the imperfections accumulate, the system the imperfections accumulate, the system becomes less efficient. Insulin becomes less efficient. Insulin becomes less efficient. Insulin resistance basically and diabetes refers resistance basically and diabetes refers resistance basically and diabetes refers to the fact that muscles, but also the to the fact that muscles, but also the to the fact that muscles, but also the brain can brain can brain can has the capacity to say, I I can't has the capacity to say, I I can't has the capacity to say, I I can't anymore. Like glucose, too much for me, anymore. Like glucose, too much for me, anymore. Like glucose, too much for me, too much resistance, too much you know, too much resistance, too much you know, too much resistance, too much you know, damage that I that I'm exposed to. So, damage that I that I'm exposed to. So, damage that I that I'm exposed to. So, if you're a muscle cell and you want to if you're a muscle cell and you want to if you're a muscle cell and you want to protect yourself against this excess protect yourself against this excess protect yourself against this excess energy pressure, right? From the energy pressure, right? From the energy pressure, right? From the glucose, from the from the electrons, glucose, from the from the electrons, glucose, from the from the electrons, you can become you can become you can become insensitive or resistant to insulin. So, insensitive or resistant to insulin. So, insensitive or resistant to insulin. So, then you you take the the receptors that then you you take the the receptors that then you you take the the receptors that are sitting on top of the surface of the are sitting on top of the surface of the are sitting on top of the surface of the cell, cell, cell, you pull those out, right? So, then the you pull those out, right? So, then the you pull those out, right? So, then the cell no longer is sensitive to insulin. cell no longer is sensitive to insulin. cell no longer is sensitive to insulin. So, then the body's like, "Whoa, like So, then the body's like, "Whoa, like So, then the body's like, "Whoa, like glucose is way high. What do you A glucose is way high. What do you A glucose is way high. What do you A normal healthy body releases insulin, normal healthy body releases insulin, normal healthy body releases insulin, floods the blood, insulin goes to the floods the blood, insulin goes to the floods the blood, insulin goes to the surface of of your muscles and then surface of of your muscles and then surface of of your muscles and then says, 'Take in the glucose because says, 'Take in the glucose because says, 'Take in the glucose because there's too much glucose in the blood. there's too much glucose in the blood. there's too much glucose in the blood. It's we're going to damage the brain, It's we're going to damage the brain, It's we're going to damage the brain, we're going to damage the eyes, we're we're going to damage the eyes, we're we're going to damage the eyes, we're going to damage the nerves. So, muscle, going to damage the nerves. So, muscle, going to damage the nerves. So, muscle, please take in the glucose.' But when please take in the glucose.' But when please take in the glucose.' But when the muscle is overwhelmed and the the muscle is overwhelmed and the the muscle is overwhelmed and the mitochondria are starting to be mitochondria are starting to be mitochondria are starting to be at capacity in terms of how much energy at capacity in terms of how much energy at capacity in terms of how much energy they can they can they can resist and and and flow, then they shut resist and and and flow, then they shut resist and and and flow, then they shut down the valves, right? So, the muscle down the valves, right? So, the muscle down the valves, right? So, the muscle cells become insulin resistant and then cells become insulin resistant and then cells become insulin resistant and then glucose intolerant. And that protects glucose intolerant. And that protects glucose intolerant. And that protects the mitochondria in the muscle cells, the mitochondria in the muscle cells, the mitochondria in the muscle cells, but then gluco blood glucose starts to but then gluco blood glucose starts to but then gluco blood glucose starts to increase. So, the next step in this increase. So, the next step in this increase. So, the next step in this cascade is well, if there's too much cascade is well, if there's too much cascade is well, if there's too much energy in circulation, too much sugar, energy in circulation, too much sugar, energy in circulation, too much sugar, too much fat, what what can we do with too much fat, what what can we do with too much fat, what what can we do with this? And that's where fat stores, you this? And that's where fat stores, you this? And that's where fat stores, you know, adiposity know, adiposity know, adiposity comes in. So, obesity comes in. So, obesity comes in. So, obesity is is is a protection mechanism against a protection mechanism against a protection mechanism against [clears throat] excess energy [clears throat] excess energy [clears throat] excess energy resistance. resistance. resistance. >> One way to think about this hypothesis >> One way to think about this hypothesis >> One way to think about this hypothesis that that that dementia, Alzheimer's, is linked to an dementia, Alzheimer's, is linked to an dementia, Alzheimer's, is linked to an overflow of glucose, let's say, is to overflow of glucose, let's say, is to overflow of glucose, let's say, is to look at other civilizations or um I look at other civilizations or um I look at other civilizations or um I don't know, tribes, the Hadza tribe in don't know, tribes, the Hadza tribe in don't know, tribes, the Hadza tribe in Africa, who don't have a lot of glucose. Africa, who don't have a lot of glucose. Africa, who don't have a lot of glucose. Do they still get Alzheimer's and Do they still get Alzheimer's and Do they still get Alzheimer's and dementia? dementia? dementia? >> I don't know the the literature on this, >> I don't know the the literature on this, >> I don't know the the literature on this, uh but it's clear that people who if you uh but it's clear that people who if you uh but it's clear that people who if you if we look at what if we look at what if we look at what makes you more likely to have makes you more likely to have makes you more likely to have Alzheimer's, uh what makes you less Alzheimer's, uh what makes you less Alzheimer's, uh what makes you less likely to have Alzheimer's, all the likely to have Alzheimer's, all the likely to have Alzheimer's, all the things that make you more likely to have things that make you more likely to have things that make you more likely to have Alzheimer's Alzheimer's Alzheimer's contribute to increasing contribute to increasing contribute to increasing this energy resistance, right? Too much this energy resistance, right? Too much this energy resistance, right? Too much sugar in the blood. Diabetes, sugar in the blood. Diabetes, sugar in the blood. Diabetes, physical inactivity, physical inactivity, physical inactivity, right? If you don't move, energy doesn't right? If you don't move, energy doesn't right? If you don't move, energy doesn't flow through your mitochondria. So, it flow through your mitochondria. So, it flow through your mitochondria. So, it just stacks up, accumulates, and and the just stacks up, accumulates, and and the just stacks up, accumulates, and and the things that protects the brain, protects things that protects the brain, protects things that protects the brain, protects you against Alzheimer's and dementia, you against Alzheimer's and dementia, you against Alzheimer's and dementia, are things that let energy flow. are things that let energy flow. are things that let energy flow. Physical activity, uh not eating too Physical activity, uh not eating too Physical activity, uh not eating too much, especially not eating too much much, especially not eating too much much, especially not eating too much sugar, sugar, sugar, uh and and then ketones, there's new, uh and and then ketones, there's new, uh and and then ketones, there's new, you know, data now showing that ketones you know, data now showing that ketones you know, data now showing that ketones can uh you know, enter the brain and be can uh you know, enter the brain and be can uh you know, enter the brain and be metabolized more easily, and can even metabolized more easily, and can even metabolized more easily, and can even kind of improve cognition. And the kind of improve cognition. And the kind of improve cognition. And the ketogenic diet, which I know you've ketogenic diet, which I know you've ketogenic diet, which I know you've tried, uh many people report more energy tried, uh many people report more energy tried, uh many people report more energy on the ketogenic diet. It's not because on the ketogenic diet. It's not because on the ketogenic diet. It's not because you eat more calories, it's because you eat more calories, it's because you eat more calories, it's because those uh electrons that are stuck on those uh electrons that are stuck on those uh electrons that are stuck on ketones, instead of being stuck on ketones, instead of being stuck on ketones, instead of being stuck on glucose, can flow more more easily. And glucose, can flow more more easily. And glucose, can flow more more easily. And the those ketones are made by the those ketones are made by the those ketones are made by mitochondria in your liver. This is a mitochondria in your liver. This is a mitochondria in your liver. This is a really beautiful story of this the really beautiful story of this the really beautiful story of this the sociality of mitochondria in the sociality of mitochondria in the sociality of mitochondria in the organism. The liver mitochondria is organism. The liver mitochondria is organism. The liver mitochondria is where ketones are made. If you eat eat where ketones are made. If you eat eat where ketones are made. If you eat eat fat, right? Avocados and oil and and fat, right? Avocados and oil and and fat, right? Avocados and oil and and meat and uh butter and uh those fat meat and uh butter and uh those fat meat and uh butter and uh those fat molecules and go in the liver, and then molecules and go in the liver, and then molecules and go in the liver, and then the mitochondria in the liver take those the mitochondria in the liver take those the mitochondria in the liver take those fat, transform them into ketones, and fat, transform them into ketones, and fat, transform them into ketones, and then put the ketones into the blood. The then put the ketones into the blood. The then put the ketones into the blood. The kidneys also do a little bit of this. kidneys also do a little bit of this. kidneys also do a little bit of this. And then the ketones go to the brain, And then the ketones go to the brain, And then the ketones go to the brain, and then they feed the mitochondria in and then they feed the mitochondria in and then they feed the mitochondria in the brain. So, you have mitochondria in the brain. So, you have mitochondria in the brain. So, you have mitochondria in the liver talking and feeding the liver talking and feeding the liver talking and feeding mitochondria in the brain. And the path mitochondria in the brain. And the path mitochondria in the brain. And the path for a ketone to go from blood to for a ketone to go from blood to for a ketone to go from blood to mitochondria is much shorter in terms of mitochondria is much shorter in terms of mitochondria is much shorter in terms of number of enzymes, number of resistors, number of enzymes, number of resistors, number of enzymes, number of resistors, if you want to think about it if you want to think about it if you want to think about it energetically, energetically, energetically, than for glucose. That path is very than for glucose. That path is very than for glucose. That path is very long. The ketone path is much shorter. long. The ketone path is much shorter. long. The ketone path is much shorter. >> I just want to make sure on that point >> I just want to make sure on that point >> I just want to make sure on that point that I don't misunderstand because, you that I don't misunderstand because, you that I don't misunderstand because, you know, it sound it could have sounded know, it sound it could have sounded know, it sound it could have sounded like you're saying that too much energy like you're saying that too much energy like you're saying that too much energy might cause Alzheimer's, but actually might cause Alzheimer's, but actually might cause Alzheimer's, but actually you're saying you're not saying cuz I you're saying you're not saying cuz I you're saying you're not saying cuz I think of ketones as energy and I I'm I'm think of ketones as energy and I I'm I'm think of ketones as energy and I I'm I'm shutting, you know, ketones all the shutting, you know, ketones all the shutting, you know, ketones all the time. I don't want to flood my brain time. I don't want to flood my brain time. I don't want to flood my brain with energy so that, you know, it with energy so that, you know, it with energy so that, you know, it malfunctions, gets Alzheimer's. malfunctions, gets Alzheimer's. malfunctions, gets Alzheimer's. >> It's it For some reason, it's really >> It's it For some reason, it's really >> It's it For some reason, it's really hard to overwhelm the brain hard to overwhelm the brain hard to overwhelm the brain >> with ketones. >> with ketones. >> with ketones. >> And with with ketones or overwhelm the >> And with with ketones or overwhelm the >> And with with ketones or overwhelm the body if you eat fat. Like it's it's very body if you eat fat. Like it's it's very body if you eat fat. Like it's it's very easy to feel like I'm full. easy to feel like I'm full. easy to feel like I'm full. I've had, you know, a good enough meal. I've had, you know, a good enough meal. I've had, you know, a good enough meal. If you bring sugar into the picture and If you bring sugar into the picture and If you bring sugar into the picture and you mix sugar and fat, now things like you mix sugar and fat, now things like you mix sugar and fat, now things like taste so good and there's like an extra taste so good and there's like an extra taste so good and there's like an extra reward and a lot of people eat for reward and a lot of people eat for reward and a lot of people eat for different reasons, not just because different reasons, not just because different reasons, not just because they're hungry. they're hungry. they're hungry. >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> That's because it's so rewarding to eat >> That's because it's so rewarding to eat >> That's because it's so rewarding to eat something fatty and sugary. something fatty and sugary. something fatty and sugary. Uh especially the the sugar part, then Uh especially the the sugar part, then Uh especially the the sugar part, then you you lose regulation and that's why I you you lose regulation and that's why I you you lose regulation and that's why I think the GLP-1 drugs are are so think the GLP-1 drugs are are so think the GLP-1 drugs are are so powerful because they they address the powerful because they they address the powerful because they they address the problem where it starts. Like how much problem where it starts. Like how much problem where it starts. Like how much food are you putting into the system? food are you putting into the system? food are you putting into the system? >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. I did look at the stats there on the I did look at the stats there on the I did look at the stats there on the tribes in Africa and it says when tribes in Africa and it says when tribes in Africa and it says when researchers study indigenous groups such researchers study indigenous groups such researchers study indigenous groups such as the Hadza hunter-gatherer tribe in as the Hadza hunter-gatherer tribe in as the Hadza hunter-gatherer tribe in Tanzania or rural Tanzania or rural Tanzania or rural agrarian populations like the Yoruba, agrarian populations like the Yoruba, agrarian populations like the Yoruba, they find that Alzheimer's and vascular they find that Alzheimer's and vascular they find that Alzheimer's and vascular dementia are exceptionally rare. dementia are exceptionally rare. dementia are exceptionally rare. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Which again means that it points to >> Which again means that it points to >> Which again means that it points to Western diets. Western diets. Western diets. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Western diet, Western >> Western diet, Western >> Western diet, Western >> lifestyles. >> lifestyles. >> lifestyles. >> Yeah, >> Yeah, >> Yeah, behavior. Yeah, these people move all behavior. Yeah, these people move all behavior. Yeah, these people move all the time the time the time um and they don't eat too much. um and they don't eat too much. um and they don't eat too much. Um most of them don't need to kind of Um most of them don't need to kind of Um most of them don't need to kind of rely on their fat capacitor. rely on their fat capacitor. rely on their fat capacitor. They don't have excess energy to just They don't have excess energy to just They don't have excess energy to just store away. And for for some people, store away. And for for some people, store away. And for for some people, there's congenital leanness, right? Like there's congenital leanness, right? Like there's congenital leanness, right? Like you're you're born lean and you're going you're you're born lean and you're going you're you're born lean and you're going to like you can't put on fat. If you eat to like you can't put on fat. If you eat to like you can't put on fat. If you eat too much, the the high sugar or high fat too much, the the high sugar or high fat too much, the the high sugar or high fat just accumulates in the blood and then just accumulates in the blood and then just accumulates in the blood and then it it gets lodged in ectopic ways. So, it it gets lodged in ectopic ways. So, it it gets lodged in ectopic ways. So, in the in the in the it gets lodged in the muscle or in the it gets lodged in the muscle or in the it gets lodged in the muscle or in the liver or in the brain liver or in the brain liver or in the brain um and and then that causes damage um and and then that causes damage um and and then that causes damage because of you know this like excess because of you know this like excess because of you know this like excess energy pressure and then the system energy pressure and then the system energy pressure and then the system overheats. overheats. overheats. >> It's skinny fat. >> It's skinny fat. >> It's skinny fat. >> Skinny fat, yeah. >> Skinny fat, yeah. >> Skinny fat, yeah. >> No, it stores it in your around your >> No, it stores it in your around your >> No, it stores it in your around your livers and stuff. What's What's that livers and stuff. What's What's that livers and stuff. What's What's that called? That fat inside you? called? That fat inside you? called? That fat inside you? >> Visceral. >> Visceral. >> Visceral. >> Visceral fat. >> Visceral fat. >> Visceral fat. >> Yeah. And the visceral fat is linked to >> Yeah. And the visceral fat is linked to >> Yeah. And the visceral fat is linked to increased inflammation and it's linked increased inflammation and it's linked increased inflammation and it's linked to a bunch of diseases, but this is just to a bunch of diseases, but this is just to a bunch of diseases, but this is just a symptom. Like the increased fat and I a symptom. Like the increased fat and I a symptom. Like the increased fat and I think the reason why obesity in general think the reason why obesity in general think the reason why obesity in general we say obesity is bad is because obesity we say obesity is bad is because obesity we say obesity is bad is because obesity reflects a deeper state, a more reflects a deeper state, a more reflects a deeper state, a more important state. important state. important state. With the which is this increased energy With the which is this increased energy With the which is this increased energy resistance. resistance. resistance. Like there's too much energy in the Like there's too much energy in the Like there's too much energy in the system and the system can't flow it. system and the system can't flow it. system and the system can't flow it. Like the mitochondria can't keep up. So, Like the mitochondria can't keep up. So, Like the mitochondria can't keep up. So, to protect themselves, to protect themselves, to protect themselves, they store that and store that away and they store that and store that away and they store that and store that away and and then and then and then then then you become obese. then then you become obese. then then you become obese. >> If you're going to take tips from anyone >> If you're going to take tips from anyone >> If you're going to take tips from anyone on how to stay focused and high energy, on how to stay focused and high energy, on how to stay focused and high energy, let it be from the greatest let it be from the greatest let it be from the greatest pound-for-pound fighter of all time, the pound-for-pound fighter of all time, the pound-for-pound fighter of all time, the guy they call Johnny "Bones" Jones. guy they call Johnny "Bones" Jones. guy they call Johnny "Bones" Jones. Johnny is a co-owner of our show sponsor Johnny is a co-owner of our show sponsor Johnny is a co-owner of our show sponsor KetoMojo IQ alongside myself. And when KetoMojo IQ alongside myself. And when KetoMojo IQ alongside myself. And when you hear why, it probably makes a lot of you hear why, it probably makes a lot of you hear why, it probably makes a lot of sense to you. When he's training or sense to you. When he's training or sense to you. When he's training or fighting, he needs high-quality steady fighting, he needs high-quality steady fighting, he needs high-quality steady laser-like focus without the crash. And laser-like focus without the crash. And laser-like focus without the crash. And KetoMojo give him exactly that. And KetoMojo give him exactly that. And KetoMojo give him exactly that. And unlike caffeine, KetoMojo don't unlike caffeine, KetoMojo don't unlike caffeine, KetoMojo don't stimulate your brain, they fuel it. So, stimulate your brain, they fuel it. So, stimulate your brain, they fuel it. So, your brain actually loves ketones your brain actually loves ketones your brain actually loves ketones because it runs on them much more because it runs on them much more because it runs on them much more efficiently than anything else. And efficiently than anything else. And efficiently than anything else. And right now KetoMojo IQ is giving away right now KetoMojo IQ is giving away right now KetoMojo IQ is giving away one-of-a-kind pair signed MMA gloves one-of-a-kind pair signed MMA gloves one-of-a-kind pair signed MMA gloves from Jon Jones himself and the upcoming from Jon Jones himself and the upcoming from Jon Jones himself and the upcoming gold medal wrestler he's coaching called gold medal wrestler he's coaching called gold medal wrestler he's coaching called Gable Steveson. They are very very rare. Gable Steveson. They are very very rare. Gable Steveson. They are very very rare. And if you want your shot at winning And if you want your shot at winning And if you want your shot at winning them, go to ketomojo.com/steven them, go to ketomojo.com/steven them, go to ketomojo.com/steven to enter to win. No purchase necessary. to enter to win. No purchase necessary. to enter to win. No purchase necessary. Terms and conditions apply. And you'll Terms and conditions apply. And you'll Terms and conditions apply. And you'll also get 30% off your first subscription also get 30% off your first subscription also get 30% off your first subscription order, exclusive ketone IQ merch, and of order, exclusive ketone IQ merch, and of order, exclusive ketone IQ merch, and of course, your shot at these signed course, your shot at these signed course, your shot at these signed gloves. gloves. gloves. You guys know that I only drink one type You guys know that I only drink one type You guys know that I only drink one type of coffee these days, and it's called of coffee these days, and it's called of coffee these days, and it's called Cometeer. If you don't know the brand, Cometeer. If you don't know the brand, Cometeer. If you don't know the brand, they flash freeze coffee at the perfect they flash freeze coffee at the perfect they flash freeze coffee at the perfect moment to lock in all of the amazing moment to lock in all of the amazing moment to lock in all of the amazing flavor. They've done something flavor. They've done something flavor. They've done something incredible. They've gone all around the incredible. They've gone all around the incredible. They've gone all around the world, and they found the most delicious world, and they found the most delicious world, and they found the most delicious coffees from all of these places, and coffees from all of these places, and coffees from all of these places, and they created a world mug competition box they created a world mug competition box they created a world mug competition box that you can buy. So, if you want to try that you can buy. So, if you want to try that you can buy. So, if you want to try coffee from Honduras, or Panama, or coffee from Honduras, or Panama, or coffee from Honduras, or Panama, or England, or the USA, or Italy, or England, or the USA, or Italy, or England, or the USA, or Italy, or France, you can then order that France, you can then order that France, you can then order that particular coffee on subscription to particular coffee on subscription to particular coffee on subscription to come to your house. No machines come to your house. No machines come to your house. No machines necessary. Not only are they our necessary. Not only are they our necessary. Not only are they our sponsor, and a company I have invested sponsor, and a company I have invested sponsor, and a company I have invested in, it is the only coffee I drink now. in, it is the only coffee I drink now. in, it is the only coffee I drink now. Actually, this morning when I came to Actually, this morning when I came to Actually, this morning when I came to work, I put Cometeer one of these red work, I put Cometeer one of these red work, I put Cometeer one of these red walls, which is another one of my walls, which is another one of my walls, which is another one of my favorites from France. So, if you want favorites from France. So, if you want favorites from France. So, if you want to try your own Cometeer, to try your own Cometeer, to try your own Cometeer, they reserved a certain amount for Diary they reserved a certain amount for Diary they reserved a certain amount for Diary of a CEO listeners. Just go to of a CEO listeners. Just go to of a CEO listeners. Just go to cometeer.com/doac, and you can get $20 off if you use the and you can get $20 off if you use the code doac at checkout. code doac at checkout. code doac at checkout. So, on this point of food then, fasting, So, on this point of food then, fasting, So, on this point of food then, fasting, autophagy, all these words that I've autophagy, all these words that I've autophagy, all these words that I've heard. If you were giving me advice on heard. If you were giving me advice on heard. If you were giving me advice on everything you know about how to create everything you know about how to create everything you know about how to create a body that is very, very efficient in a body that is very, very efficient in a body that is very, very efficient in how I deal with the energy that I have, how I deal with the energy that I have, how I deal with the energy that I have, what advice would you give me as it what advice would you give me as it what advice would you give me as it relates to eating? relates to eating? relates to eating? >> Develop that awareness of what your body >> Develop that awareness of what your body >> Develop that awareness of what your body needs. So, when I think about how I eat, needs. So, when I think about how I eat, needs. So, when I think about how I eat, I don't think about, you know, my I don't think about, you know, my I don't think about, you know, my weight, or my body. I think about how am weight, or my body. I think about how am weight, or my body. I think about how am I feeling, and do I need more food, I feeling, and do I need more food, I feeling, and do I need more food, right? Am I like depleted, or uh am I right? Am I like depleted, or uh am I right? Am I like depleted, or uh am I tired and exhausted because there's too tired and exhausted because there's too tired and exhausted because there's too much food on board, and my organism is much food on board, and my organism is much food on board, and my organism is like struggling to keep up with this like struggling to keep up with this like struggling to keep up with this excess like friction, or excess, you excess like friction, or excess, you excess like friction, or excess, you know, energy pressure and on my brain, know, energy pressure and on my brain, know, energy pressure and on my brain, on my on my mitochondria. So, I think on my on my mitochondria. So, I think on my on my mitochondria. So, I think about it from the perspective of my about it from the perspective of my about it from the perspective of my mitochondria. Uh what do my mitochondria mitochondria. Uh what do my mitochondria mitochondria. Uh what do my mitochondria need? need? need? And in general, And in general, And in general, it's much harder to it's much harder to it's much harder to you know deplete the mitochondria, like you know deplete the mitochondria, like you know deplete the mitochondria, like not eating too much. not eating too much. not eating too much. So, if you're thinking about that, okay, So, if you're thinking about that, okay, So, if you're thinking about that, okay, there's this food there. Do I snack? Do there's this food there. Do I snack? Do there's this food there. Do I snack? Do I not snack? Generally, eating too much there there Generally, eating too much there there clear consequences to this. Like it clear consequences to this. Like it clear consequences to this. Like it increases the resistance or the friction increases the resistance or the friction increases the resistance or the friction in in your mitochondria. Not eating in in your mitochondria. Not eating in in your mitochondria. Not eating enough is typically innocuous for most enough is typically innocuous for most enough is typically innocuous for most people. people. people. >> Because we we have stores, don't we? Of >> Because we we have stores, don't we? Of >> Because we we have stores, don't we? Of glycogen and we have stores of glucose glycogen and we have stores of glucose glycogen and we have stores of glucose in our body, in our muscles, so if we in our body, in our muscles, so if we in our body, in our muscles, so if we were running low, then our our body can were running low, then our our body can were running low, then our our body can go get some fat, metabolize it. go get some fat, metabolize it. go get some fat, metabolize it. >> Exactly. Make ketones. >> Exactly. Make ketones. >> Exactly. Make ketones. >> Make ketones. >> Make ketones. >> Make ketones. >> Yeah. Yeah, the >> Yeah. Yeah, the >> Yeah. Yeah, the most people have enough energy on board, most people have enough energy on board, most people have enough energy on board, right? In the form of fat, some glycogen right? In the form of fat, some glycogen right? In the form of fat, some glycogen in your muscles and in your liver in your muscles and in your liver in your muscles and in your liver to live at least a month. to live at least a month. to live at least a month. >> I mean, I'm I'm a big big fan of >> I mean, I'm I'm a big big fan of >> I mean, I'm I'm a big big fan of survival documentaries. And one of the survival documentaries. And one of the survival documentaries. And one of the most remarkable things you see in most remarkable things you see in most remarkable things you see in survival documentaries, I'm even survival documentaries, I'm even survival documentaries, I'm even thinking about some that I've watched, thinking about some that I've watched, thinking about some that I've watched, is people can survive for seemingly is people can survive for seemingly is people can survive for seemingly months without eating anything. months without eating anything. months without eating anything. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> And they can't survive very long without >> And they can't survive very long without >> And they can't survive very long without water, yeah, but they can survive for water, yeah, but they can survive for water, yeah, but they can survive for months without eating anything. months without eating anything. months without eating anything. Um because their body will start to kind Um because their body will start to kind Um because their body will start to kind of go into its reserves and break down of go into its reserves and break down of go into its reserves and break down muscle and all these other things. muscle and all these other things. muscle and all these other things. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. Yeah, the record is Yeah, the record is Yeah, the record is world record for not eating is over 300 world record for not eating is over 300 world record for not eating is over 300 days. days. days. >> Wow. >> Wow. >> Wow. >> Irish man. >> Irish man. >> Irish man. Um Um Um and he lost I forget the exact numbers. and he lost I forget the exact numbers. and he lost I forget the exact numbers. 250 lbs, 300 lbs. 250 lbs, 300 lbs. 250 lbs, 300 lbs. >> What does this say about hunger? >> What does this say about hunger? >> What does this say about hunger? And also, what does it say about this And also, what does it say about this And also, what does it say about this society we live in where we have so many society we live in where we have so many society we live in where we have so many We have like five meals a Some people We have like five meals a Some people We have like five meals a Some people basically just eat from morning till basically just eat from morning till basically just eat from morning till night, you know? night, you know? night, you know? >> Yeah. I >> Yeah. I >> Yeah. I I think a lot of us I think a lot of us I think a lot of us eat not because we're hungry. I think a eat not because we're hungry. I think a eat not because we're hungry. I think a lot of us have learned to eat lot of us have learned to eat lot of us have learned to eat to to subserve some other need. And to to subserve some other need. And to to subserve some other need. And eating is quite rewarding. It taps into eating is quite rewarding. It taps into eating is quite rewarding. It taps into the same systems, you know, as gambling the same systems, you know, as gambling the same systems, you know, as gambling and um kind of connecting with other and um kind of connecting with other and um kind of connecting with other human beings. So, human beings. So, human beings. So, we know some people eat emotionally, we know some people eat emotionally, we know some people eat emotionally, right? When when stressed out, they they right? When when stressed out, they they right? When when stressed out, they they they eat more, and they eat more, and they eat more, and so I [clears throat] think hunger is is so I [clears throat] think hunger is is so I [clears throat] think hunger is is something to be skeptical of because something to be skeptical of because something to be skeptical of because there are many pathways that I think there are many pathways that I think there are many pathways that I think kind of converge on hunger. Like if you kind of converge on hunger. Like if you kind of converge on hunger. Like if you feel sad, you feel like bored, feel sad, you feel like bored, feel sad, you feel like bored, hunger will kind of get you out of hunger will kind of get you out of hunger will kind of get you out of boredom because of the salt, because of boredom because of the salt, because of boredom because of the salt, because of the especially if you had salty, sugary the especially if you had salty, sugary the especially if you had salty, sugary things around. things around. things around. It's a rewarding thing that will get you It's a rewarding thing that will get you It's a rewarding thing that will get you out of uncomfortable other uncomfortable out of uncomfortable other uncomfortable out of uncomfortable other uncomfortable sensations. I think most of us overeat. sensations. I think most of us overeat. sensations. I think most of us overeat. That's That's That's um um um a good general assumption to make. a good general assumption to make. a good general assumption to make. You're probably overeating. You're probably overeating. You're probably overeating. >> I think I probably am. >> I think I probably am. >> I think I probably am. >> Um it's harder to overeat if you >> Um it's harder to overeat if you >> Um it's harder to overeat if you restrict your eating window, right? And restrict your eating window, right? And restrict your eating window, right? And is that works really well for some is that works really well for some is that works really well for some people. people. people. Um like eating, for example, a very Um like eating, for example, a very Um like eating, for example, a very severe kind of window would be 2:00 p.m. severe kind of window would be 2:00 p.m. severe kind of window would be 2:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. Right, so you eat for 4 to 6:00 p.m. Right, so you eat for 4 to 6:00 p.m. Right, so you eat for 4 hours, and you kind of put this around hours, and you kind of put this around hours, and you kind of put this around dinner time so you can be social with dinner time so you can be social with dinner time so you can be social with your partner or something like that. Uh your partner or something like that. Uh your partner or something like that. Uh that tends to work well for a lot of that tends to work well for a lot of that tends to work well for a lot of people who have been in the habit of people who have been in the habit of people who have been in the habit of overeating. Um and my dad, you know, overeating. Um and my dad, you know, overeating. Um and my dad, you know, still thinks to to this day he's 69 now, still thinks to to this day he's 69 now, still thinks to to this day he's 69 now, um that breakfast is the most important um that breakfast is the most important um that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. That's what he learned meal of the day. That's what he learned meal of the day. That's what he learned when he was a kid, and he wants to when he was a kid, and he wants to when he was a kid, and he wants to believe that this is true. believe that this is true. believe that this is true. I don't think it's true for most people, I don't think it's true for most people, I don't think it's true for most people, and especially if you're in your 60s, and especially if you're in your 60s, and especially if you're in your 60s, 70s, right? Like the metabolism changes, 70s, right? Like the metabolism changes, 70s, right? Like the metabolism changes, and if you're always eating, you the and if you're always eating, you the and if you're always eating, you the body never goes into the state of I must body never goes into the state of I must body never goes into the state of I must be efficient, right? And then if you go be efficient, right? And then if you go be efficient, right? And then if you go into that state of I must be efficient, into that state of I must be efficient, into that state of I must be efficient, you accumulate poorly functioning you accumulate poorly functioning you accumulate poorly functioning mitochondria, and then there's more mitochondria, and then there's more mitochondria, and then there's more friction, you know, in in your whole friction, you know, in in your whole friction, you know, in in your whole body, there's more inflammation, which body, there's more inflammation, which body, there's more inflammation, which is a signal of that energy friction or is a signal of that energy friction or is a signal of that energy friction or resistance. resistance. resistance. And then you don't feel as good, right? And then you don't feel as good, right? And then you don't feel as good, right? You don't feel you have as much energy. You don't feel you have as much energy. You don't feel you have as much energy. So many people who go from eating three So many people who go from eating three So many people who go from eating three meals a day plus or minus snacks to like meals a day plus or minus snacks to like meals a day plus or minus snacks to like intermittent fasting, they just say, intermittent fasting, they just say, intermittent fasting, they just say, "I'm going to eat whatever I want, "I'm going to eat whatever I want, "I'm going to eat whatever I want, however much I want, but just in those 4 however much I want, but just in those 4 however much I want, but just in those 4 hours or 6 hours." Most of those people hours or 6 hours." Most of those people hours or 6 hours." Most of those people have a lot more energy. They experience, have a lot more energy. They experience, have a lot more energy. They experience, right, that they have more energy. It's right, that they have more energy. It's right, that they have more energy. It's not because there's more energy in their not because there's more energy in their not because there's more energy in their body. If anything, they're putting fewer body. If anything, they're putting fewer body. If anything, they're putting fewer calories in the body, but the way energy calories in the body, but the way energy calories in the body, but the way energy flows now, it flows more efficiently. flows now, it flows more efficiently. flows now, it flows more efficiently. And we don't perceive the amount of And we don't perceive the amount of And we don't perceive the amount of energy, we perceive the flow energy or energy, we perceive the flow energy or energy, we perceive the flow energy or the transformation of energy. the transformation of energy. the transformation of energy. >> I was just reading the other day that it >> I was just reading the other day that it >> I was just reading the other day that it says that this idea that breakfast is says that this idea that breakfast is says that this idea that breakfast is the most important meal of the day came the most important meal of the day came the most important meal of the day came from an advertising campaign from an advertising campaign from an advertising campaign that was designed to sell cereal and that was designed to sell cereal and that was designed to sell cereal and bacon. bacon. bacon. Um before the industrial revolution, Um before the industrial revolution, Um before the industrial revolution, breakfast wasn't a heavily scrutinized breakfast wasn't a heavily scrutinized breakfast wasn't a heavily scrutinized meal. meal. meal. People often just ate whatever was left People often just ate whatever was left People often just ate whatever was left over from the night before or they ate a over from the night before or they ate a over from the night before or they ate a quick heavy meal before going out to do quick heavy meal before going out to do quick heavy meal before going out to do physical farm labor. But as people moved physical farm labor. But as people moved physical farm labor. But as people moved into cities and took sedentary office into cities and took sedentary office into cities and took sedentary office jobs, those heavy greasy breakfasts jobs, those heavy greasy breakfasts jobs, those heavy greasy breakfasts started causing widespread indigestion. started causing widespread indigestion. started causing widespread indigestion. Indigestion? Enter Indigestion? Enter Indigestion? Enter Harvey Kellogg's. Harvey Kellogg's. Harvey Kellogg's. Yes, that Kellogg's. He ran a famous Yes, that Kellogg's. He ran a famous Yes, that Kellogg's. He ran a famous health sanitarium and believed that a health sanitarium and believed that a health sanitarium and believed that a clean, light, grain-based diet would clean, light, grain-based diet would clean, light, grain-based diet would cure indigestion and improve overall cure indigestion and improve overall cure indigestion and improve overall health. He co-invented cornflakes and he health. He co-invented cornflakes and he health. He co-invented cornflakes and he and other cereal pioneers pushed the and other cereal pioneers pushed the and other cereal pioneers pushed the narrative that a healthy, cold cereal narrative that a healthy, cold cereal narrative that a healthy, cold cereal breakfast was essential for a productive breakfast was essential for a productive breakfast was essential for a productive day and your dad bought it hook, line day and your dad bought it hook, line day and your dad bought it hook, line and sinker. and sinker. and sinker. >> Yep. I mean, I lied to you, but then >> Yep. I mean, I lied to you, but then >> Yep. I mean, I lied to you, but then >> Everybody did. >> Everybody did. >> Everybody did. >> And and I did until recently, until I >> And and I did until recently, until I >> And and I did until recently, until I started to like feel into this. I would started to like feel into this. I would started to like feel into this. I would have this big cereal bowl of cereals, have this big cereal bowl of cereals, have this big cereal bowl of cereals, that's how I grew up as well. And then I that's how I grew up as well. And then I that's how I grew up as well. And then I would feel like this low, like this would feel like this low, like this would feel like this low, like this um you know, low energy. And I think now um you know, low energy. And I think now um you know, low energy. And I think now I understand why because I was I understand why because I was I understand why because I was overloading my system with way too much overloading my system with way too much overloading my system with way too much kind of rapidly available sugary energy kind of rapidly available sugary energy kind of rapidly available sugary energy that I didn't need. Uh and then the body that I didn't need. Uh and then the body that I didn't need. Uh and then the body needs to find a way to handle this. needs to find a way to handle this. needs to find a way to handle this. Either you get fat, which I can't do, so Either you get fat, which I can't do, so Either you get fat, which I can't do, so then it goes kind of to my brain and then it goes kind of to my brain and then it goes kind of to my brain and then makes me feel lousy. then makes me feel lousy. then makes me feel lousy. >> So, on this point then, just to close >> So, on this point then, just to close >> So, on this point then, just to close off on this diet question, if I want off on this diet question, if I want off on this diet question, if I want [clears throat] to feel really, really [clears throat] to feel really, really [clears throat] to feel really, really optimal on a given day, I probably do optimal on a given day, I probably do optimal on a given day, I probably do want a smaller eating window and I want a smaller eating window and I want a smaller eating window and I probably want to eat just what I need, probably want to eat just what I need, probably want to eat just what I need, and I want to not overeat. I don't want and I want to not overeat. I don't want and I want to not overeat. I don't want to under eat, but I don't want to over to under eat, but I don't want to over to under eat, but I don't want to over eat. eat. eat. >> If you under eat, you're going to pick >> If you under eat, you're going to pick >> If you under eat, you're going to pick it up tomorrow. it up tomorrow. it up tomorrow. >> I'll pick it up tomorrow anyway, so I'll >> I'll pick it up tomorrow anyway, so I'll >> I'll pick it up tomorrow anyway, so I'll be fine tomorrow. But, the worst thing be fine tomorrow. But, the worst thing be fine tomorrow. But, the worst thing is overeating today, which is going to is overeating today, which is going to is overeating today, which is going to impact my performance today. impact my performance today. impact my performance today. >> Correct. And food is one >> Correct. And food is one >> Correct. And food is one thing that influences thing that influences thing that influences where energy goes in the body, how it where energy goes in the body, how it where energy goes in the body, how it flows. Um flows. Um flows. Um and just maybe to close the loop on that and just maybe to close the loop on that and just maybe to close the loop on that example, like when you're sick and example, like when you're sick and example, like when you're sick and you're fighting an infection you're fighting an infection you're fighting an infection >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> I had a a beautiful opportunity to >> I had a a beautiful opportunity to >> I had a a beautiful opportunity to understand not just under understand to understand not just under understand to understand not just under understand to experience this one day. It was New experience this one day. It was New experience this one day. It was New Year's Eve Year's Eve Year's Eve uh 31st in the evening, and I started to uh 31st in the evening, and I started to uh 31st in the evening, and I started to feel like a little scratchy throat. I'm feel like a little scratchy throat. I'm feel like a little scratchy throat. I'm like, oh, like, oh, like, oh, I think I'm getting sick. I think I'm getting sick. I think I'm getting sick. So, I I go to, you know, the evening So, I I go to, you know, the evening So, I I go to, you know, the evening dinner. I didn't cough or anything. I dinner. I didn't cough or anything. I dinner. I didn't cough or anything. I didn't I don't think I was contagious, didn't I don't think I was contagious, didn't I don't think I was contagious, but I just could feel, right? Like but I just could feel, right? Like but I just could feel, right? Like something was was coming up. something was was coming up. something was was coming up. I felt terrible. I was I had a starting I felt terrible. I was I had a starting I felt terrible. I was I had a starting to have like full-blown flu symptoms. to have like full-blown flu symptoms. to have like full-blown flu symptoms. Went home early at like 10 9:00 p.m. Went home early at like 10 9:00 p.m. Went home early at like 10 9:00 p.m. Um and then I went to bed. It was a Um and then I went to bed. It was a Um and then I went to bed. It was a horrible night. I felt even I was in horrible night. I felt even I was in horrible night. I felt even I was in pain, and then my I had like massive pain, and then my I had like massive pain, and then my I had like massive fever. I took a bath, a warm bath to fever. I took a bath, a warm bath to fever. I took a bath, a warm bath to help my fever kind of, you know, go up help my fever kind of, you know, go up help my fever kind of, you know, go up so that I could fight the high fever so that I could fight the high fever so that I could fight the high fever stimulates your immune cells and weakens stimulates your immune cells and weakens stimulates your immune cells and weakens the virus. So, it's a it's it's usually the virus. So, it's a it's it's usually the virus. So, it's a it's it's usually a good thing. Um and then it is next day a good thing. Um and then it is next day a good thing. Um and then it is next day I was out, and I was so depressed, and I I was out, and I was so depressed, and I I was out, and I was so depressed, and I was like, I should write about this. I'm was like, I should write about this. I'm was like, I should write about this. I'm writing a book on on energy writing a book on on energy writing a book on on energy >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> and energy constraints and like the the >> and energy constraints and like the the >> and energy constraints and like the the division partitioning of energy in in division partitioning of energy in in division partitioning of energy in in the body. I was like, I should write the body. I was like, I should write the body. I was like, I should write about this. This is so interesting. My about this. This is so interesting. My about this. This is so interesting. My immune system is in full-blown defense immune system is in full-blown defense immune system is in full-blown defense mode, mode, mode, and it's not like I I was like I could and it's not like I I was like I could and it's not like I I was like I could feel my heart. I'm wearing this aura. My feel my heart. I'm wearing this aura. My feel my heart. I'm wearing this aura. My heart rate was like 110 [snorts] heart rate was like 110 [snorts] heart rate was like 110 [snorts] at at rest instead of being like 60, you at at rest instead of being like 60, you at at rest instead of being like 60, you know, normally. So, there's all of this know, normally. So, there's all of this know, normally. So, there's all of this energy flowing through. I was like, wow, energy flowing through. I was like, wow, energy flowing through. I was like, wow, like my metabolic rate objectively is like my metabolic rate objectively is like my metabolic rate objectively is higher." We know this is true from from, higher." We know this is true from from, higher." We know this is true from from, you know, good studies on that when you know, good studies on that when you know, good studies on that when you're fighting something you burn more you're fighting something you burn more you're fighting something you burn more energy. Uh yet I'm feeling completely energy. Uh yet I'm feeling completely energy. Uh yet I'm feeling completely drained. Right? So, it's not like the drained. Right? So, it's not like the drained. Right? So, it's not like the amount of energy that's flowing through amount of energy that's flowing through amount of energy that's flowing through that I should feel more energetic. The that I should feel more energetic. The that I should feel more energetic. The my immune system in that moment uh was my immune system in that moment uh was my immune system in that moment uh was draining all my energy. Draining is draining all my energy. Draining is draining all my energy. Draining is sucking away my energy from, sucking away my energy from, sucking away my energy from, you know, from my from my mind, from my you know, from my from my mind, from my you know, from my from my mind, from my brain, perhaps. Um and I remember brain, perhaps. Um and I remember brain, perhaps. Um and I remember thinking it wouldn't be a whole lot of thinking it wouldn't be a whole lot of thinking it wouldn't be a whole lot of energy if I just pulled my laptop, like energy if I just pulled my laptop, like energy if I just pulled my laptop, like prop myself on the bed, and then start prop myself on the bed, and then start prop myself on the bed, and then start to write what I'm experiencing in the to write what I'm experiencing in the to write what I'm experiencing in the moment, right? Like the moment, right? Like the moment, right? Like the uh uh uh and but I couldn't muster the strength. and but I couldn't muster the strength. and but I couldn't muster the strength. It's like, what what the Like, why It's like, what what the Like, why It's like, what what the Like, why would I care? would I care? would I care? >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> I couldn't care, right? And this is what >> I couldn't care, right? And this is what >> I couldn't care, right? And this is what the stuff I care about on a daily basis, the stuff I care about on a daily basis, the stuff I care about on a daily basis, but in that state of my energy being but in that state of my energy being but in that state of my energy being disrupted, I couldn't care about this. disrupted, I couldn't care about this. disrupted, I couldn't care about this. And then I start to think about the work And then I start to think about the work And then I start to think about the work and about, you know, the the lab and and about, you know, the the lab and and about, you know, the the lab and about uh you know, family things. It's about uh you know, family things. It's about uh you know, family things. It's like, "Woah, it's my whole life feels so like, "Woah, it's my whole life feels so like, "Woah, it's my whole life feels so different." different." different." >> I don't care about anything. >> I don't care about anything. >> I don't care about anything. >> Yeah, I don't care about anything. I >> Yeah, I don't care about anything. I >> Yeah, I don't care about anything. I just I'm just trying to survive. just I'm just trying to survive. just I'm just trying to survive. >> That's so interesting cuz I can relate >> That's so interesting cuz I can relate >> That's so interesting cuz I can relate so much. so much. so much. >> Yeah, I mean, everyone has been through >> Yeah, I mean, everyone has been through >> Yeah, I mean, everyone has been through like a difficult like you when you're like a difficult like you when you're like a difficult like you when you're really sick. really sick. really sick. >> Or when you're really stressed. >> Or when you're really stressed. >> Or when you're really stressed. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Or just anything that's all consuming >> Or just anything that's all consuming >> Or just anything that's all consuming like that. like that. like that. >> Exactly. That's like Maslow's pyramid, >> Exactly. That's like Maslow's pyramid, >> Exactly. That's like Maslow's pyramid, right? The the top is squished and right? The the top is squished and right? The the top is squished and you're like, "Survival." you're like, "Survival." you're like, "Survival." >> And you're like, "Where where did I go?" >> And you're like, "Where where did I go?" >> And you're like, "Where where did I go?" >> Where is Where is >> Where is Where is >> Where is Where is >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> Yeah, I heard about that. >> Yeah, I heard about that. >> Yeah, I heard about that. >> I was still me, right? I was still >> I was still me, right? I was still >> I was still me, right? I was still Martin, but Martin, but Martin, but I I felt completely different. The I I felt completely different. The I I felt completely different. The quality of my of my mind, the quality of quality of my of my mind, the quality of quality of my of my mind, the quality of of my intention was like completely of my intention was like completely of my intention was like completely different. I was just trying to survive. different. I was just trying to survive. different. I was just trying to survive. I didn't care about anything else. I didn't care about anything else. I didn't care about anything else. So, that episode went on for like 2 days So, that episode went on for like 2 days So, that episode went on for like 2 days or so. Through Day number three, I was or so. Through Day number three, I was or so. Through Day number three, I was able to take my computer and like able to take my computer and like able to take my computer and like start to feel again start to feel again start to feel again the purpose. the purpose. the purpose. But it was so interesting that But it was so interesting that But it was so interesting that just the what what it felt like when I just the what what it felt like when I just the what what it felt like when I was able to write about it. was able to write about it. was able to write about it. >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> And really feel into it. It felt like I >> And really feel into it. It felt like I >> And really feel into it. It felt like I was diffuse energy. was diffuse energy. was diffuse energy. Like the light, for example, right? Like the light, for example, right? Like the light, for example, right? There's a form of energy. You can have a There's a form of energy. You can have a There's a form of energy. You can have a laser. And the difference between a laser. And the difference between a laser. And the difference between a laser and a laser and a laser and a an incandescent light bulb, like an an incandescent light bulb, like an an incandescent light bulb, like an old-style filament light bulb, is not old-style filament light bulb, is not old-style filament light bulb, is not the amount of energy. It's the the way the amount of energy. It's the the way the amount of energy. It's the the way the energy is patterned. the energy is patterned. the energy is patterned. And in a laser, you have every photon And in a laser, you have every photon And in a laser, you have every photon that are kind of in phase with one that are kind of in phase with one that are kind of in phase with one another. And then there's a coherence to another. And then there's a coherence to another. And then there's a coherence to it, right? And it's the coherence that it, right? And it's the coherence that it, right? And it's the coherence that gives a laser its power. gives a laser its power. gives a laser its power. Uh it's not the total amount of energy. Uh it's not the total amount of energy. Uh it's not the total amount of energy. The same amount of energy, if you put in The same amount of energy, if you put in The same amount of energy, if you put in an incandescent light bulb, now it's the an incandescent light bulb, now it's the an incandescent light bulb, now it's the same energy, but it's diffuse, right? same energy, but it's diffuse, right? same energy, but it's diffuse, right? Every photon is doing its own thing. Every photon is doing its own thing. Every photon is doing its own thing. They're all going in all over the place. They're all going in all over the place. They're all going in all over the place. And then if you want to look at how far And then if you want to look at how far And then if you want to look at how far can these photons go? can these photons go? can these photons go? Right? How far can my mind go? Right? How far can my mind go? Right? How far can my mind go? Caring about things. The diffuse energy Caring about things. The diffuse energy Caring about things. The diffuse energy doesn't go very far. doesn't go very far. doesn't go very far. Uh but the the laser can go super far. Uh but the the laser can go super far. Uh but the the laser can go super far. So, my mind had become like a diffuse So, my mind had become like a diffuse So, my mind had become like a diffuse incandescent light bulb. incandescent light bulb. incandescent light bulb. >> Uh I the two things came to mind when >> Uh I the two things came to mind when >> Uh I the two things came to mind when you said that. you said that. you said that. The first is The first is The first is in my previous company, because we were in my previous company, because we were in my previous company, because we were a startup, fast growing, we had cash a startup, fast growing, we had cash a startup, fast growing, we had cash flow issues. flow issues. flow issues. Cash, making sure we had enough money Cash, making sure we had enough money Cash, making sure we had enough money coming in from our clients, whatever, to coming in from our clients, whatever, to coming in from our clients, whatever, to pay our staff was always a problem. For pay our staff was always a problem. For pay our staff was always a problem. For anyone that doesn't know, anyone that doesn't know, anyone that doesn't know, um when a business is growing quickly, um when a business is growing quickly, um when a business is growing quickly, it's usually spending more today than it's usually spending more today than it's usually spending more today than it's receiving in. So, even if you're it's receiving in. So, even if you're it's receiving in. So, even if you're you're growing from like 1 million to 6 you're growing from like 1 million to 6 you're growing from like 1 million to 6 million to 12 million to 25 million, million to 12 million to 25 million, million to 12 million to 25 million, whatever, as we did, you're you still whatever, as we did, you're you still whatever, as we did, you're you still have a cash flow problem. And there'd be have a cash flow problem. And there'd be have a cash flow problem. And there'd be times when we're nearing the end of the times when we're nearing the end of the times when we're nearing the end of the month, and months in months in a row, month, and months in months in a row, month, and months in months in a row, and and and I had the same cash flow stress. I I had the same cash flow stress. I I had the same cash flow stress. I couldn't pay the team. They They always couldn't pay the team. They They always couldn't pay the team. They They always got paid. They never knew. We always got paid. They never knew. We always got paid. They never knew. We always figured it out. figured it out. figured it out. But what I'd notice is in those moments But what I'd notice is in those moments But what I'd notice is in those moments of really, really high stress, of really, really high stress, of really, really high stress, sometimes, not always, but there were sometimes, not always, but there were sometimes, not always, but there were periods where periods where periods where I lost motivation. I lost motivation. I lost motivation. And what I meant by that is I literally, And what I meant by that is I literally, And what I meant by that is I literally, as a 23, 24-year-old like CEO of all as a 23, 24-year-old like CEO of all as a 23, 24-year-old like CEO of all these hundreds of people, some of them these hundreds of people, some of them these hundreds of people, some of them older, double my age, older, double my age, older, double my age, I'd basically hide at home. I'd basically hide at home. I'd basically hide at home. And what I mean by hide at home is like And what I mean by hide at home is like And what I mean by hide at home is like I didn't have the I lost purpose for I didn't have the I lost purpose for I didn't have the I lost purpose for this business. Like I I'd wake this business. Like I I'd wake this business. Like I I'd wake up for it might last a week or two weeks up for it might last a week or two weeks up for it might last a week or two weeks and I just didn't have the purpose, the and I just didn't have the purpose, the and I just didn't have the purpose, the quote motivation as they call it to like quote motivation as they call it to like quote motivation as they call it to like go out and be a leader. And now as you go out and be a leader. And now as you go out and be a leader. And now as you say I could always because I was say I could always because I was say I could always because I was stressed and it would last for when the stressed and it would last for when the stressed and it would last for when the cash flow issue would resolve, my cash flow issue would resolve, my cash flow issue would resolve, my motivation, my purpose, the reason why motivation, my purpose, the reason why motivation, my purpose, the reason why we're doing this zoomed back into focus. we're doing this zoomed back into focus. we're doing this zoomed back into focus. And I think that's really important cuz And I think that's really important cuz And I think that's really important cuz I you know, that we do have a lot of I you know, that we do have a lot of I you know, that we do have a lot of entrepreneurs watching this show and entrepreneurs watching this show and entrepreneurs watching this show and they'll beat themselves up sometimes they'll beat themselves up sometimes they'll beat themselves up sometimes because they lose motivation. And as a because they lose motivation. And as a because they lose motivation. And as a founder and as a CEO, it's you feel so founder and as a CEO, it's you feel so founder and as a CEO, it's you feel so guilty that you guilty that you guilty that you the the source of motivation and the the source of motivation and the the source of motivation and inspiration and leadership for this inspiration and leadership for this inspiration and leadership for this group of people, you could lose it. But group of people, you could lose it. But group of people, you could lose it. But now I understand what it was. Now I now I understand what it was. Now I now I understand what it was. Now I understand that I was at like an a understand that I was at like an a understand that I was at like an a chronic well, chronic well, chronic well, uh yeah, a bit of a chronic energy uh yeah, a bit of a chronic energy uh yeah, a bit of a chronic energy deficit in that moment. deficit in that moment. deficit in that moment. The other thing I actually made me think The other thing I actually made me think The other thing I actually made me think about as well when you you said about about as well when you you said about about as well when you you said about this diffusion of energy, it actually this diffusion of energy, it actually this diffusion of energy, it actually made me think about businesses and OKRs made me think about businesses and OKRs made me think about businesses and OKRs and goals. and goals. and goals. It made me think about It made me think about It made me think about >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> if you take 10 10 people in a startup >> if you take 10 10 people in a startup >> if you take 10 10 people in a startup and they're all really really focused on and they're all really really focused on and they're all really really focused on the same goal, they're way more the same goal, they're way more the same goal, they're way more successful. But sometimes you don't have successful. But sometimes you don't have successful. But sometimes you don't have a clear goal and you're all pointing in a clear goal and you're all pointing in a clear goal and you're all pointing in different directions. different directions. different directions. >> So there's incoherence. >> So there's incoherence. >> So there's incoherence. >> There's incoherence. It's kind of like a >> There's incoherence. It's kind of like a >> There's incoherence. It's kind of like a disco light ball. disco light ball. disco light ball. Yeah, but you need to be a laser. And Yeah, but you need to be a laser. And Yeah, but you need to be a laser. And this is why OKRs are so important cuz this is why OKRs are so important cuz this is why OKRs are so important cuz you can point all the energy at the you can point all the energy at the you can point all the energy at the problem. This is traction problem. This is traction problem. This is traction towards a particular goal. towards a particular goal. towards a particular goal. >> This is what purpose does. >> This is what purpose does. >> This is what purpose does. Purpose focuses energy. Purpose focuses energy. Purpose focuses energy. And I think the reason And I think the reason And I think the reason purpose is so powerful, right? And why purpose is so powerful, right? And why purpose is so powerful, right? And why you need to have that, right? To to feel you need to have that, right? To to feel you need to have that, right? To to feel it. I I want to say like you have it. I I want to say like you have it. I I want to say like you have purpose. It kind of becomes this must purpose. It kind of becomes this must purpose. It kind of becomes this must find my purpose, you know, must like I'm find my purpose, you know, must like I'm find my purpose, you know, must like I'm on a a spiritual journey to find my on a a spiritual journey to find my on a a spiritual journey to find my purpose. purpose. purpose. >> out and then you're in panic. >> out and then you're in panic. >> out and then you're in panic. >> Yeah, exactly. >> Yeah, exactly. >> Yeah, exactly. Uh but when you Uh but when you Uh but when you uh uh uh somehow somehow somehow find your yourself in a place where you find your yourself in a place where you find your yourself in a place where you feel like feel like feel like those things, you know, that are in your those things, you know, that are in your those things, you know, that are in your life are meaningful, right? And that the life are meaningful, right? And that the life are meaningful, right? And that the path you're on is purposeful. I think path you're on is purposeful. I think path you're on is purposeful. I think what this does is it brings all of your what this does is it brings all of your what this does is it brings all of your energy that might be diffuse like a a energy that might be diffuse like a a energy that might be diffuse like a a light bulb and boom, it [clears throat] light bulb and boom, it [clears throat] light bulb and boom, it [clears throat] brings it like a laser. And then you can brings it like a laser. And then you can brings it like a laser. And then you can go that distance, right? You can go go that distance, right? You can go go that distance, right? You can go through that half day without eating. through that half day without eating. through that half day without eating. You can go through that month, right? You can go through that month, right? You can go through that month, right? Where it's like you have all all of Where it's like you have all all of Where it's like you have all all of these meetings and it doesn't feel as these meetings and it doesn't feel as these meetings and it doesn't feel as difficult as it would if you were going difficult as it would if you were going difficult as it would if you were going kind of all over the place. kind of all over the place. kind of all over the place. Focus, I think, brings our energy into a Focus, I think, brings our energy into a Focus, I think, brings our energy into a coherent state and then it feels like coherent state and then it feels like coherent state and then it feels like coherent, right? It feels like I know coherent, right? It feels like I know coherent, right? It feels like I know what I'm doing this. It's then it what I'm doing this. It's then it what I'm doing this. It's then it becomes very easy to say no to this and becomes very easy to say no to this and becomes very easy to say no to this and to say yes to just the right thing cuz to say yes to just the right thing cuz to say yes to just the right thing cuz there's this coherence, not just there's this coherence, not just there's this coherence, not just energetic coherence that allows you to energetic coherence that allows you to energetic coherence that allows you to do more with less energy, do more with less energy, do more with less energy, but also this coherence of mind, right? but also this coherence of mind, right? but also this coherence of mind, right? And then maybe of spirit if you want to And then maybe of spirit if you want to And then maybe of spirit if you want to go there. go there. go there. >> I'm I'm going to ask the team to play >> I'm I'm going to ask the team to play >> I'm I'm going to ask the team to play clip. It's a clip of Kevin O'Leary clip. It's a clip of Kevin O'Leary clip. It's a clip of Kevin O'Leary talking about this idea of signal and talking about this idea of signal and talking about this idea of signal and noise. And he's referencing his noise. And he's referencing his noise. And he's referencing his experiences with experiences with experiences with Steve Jobs who he used to work with and Steve Jobs who he used to work with and Steve Jobs who he used to work with and also Elon Musk. also Elon Musk. also Elon Musk. >> Look how wildly successful he was. >> Look how wildly successful he was. >> Look how wildly successful he was. But here's why. But here's why. But here's why. There's a concept that he understood There's a concept that he understood There's a concept that he understood that very few people focused on back that very few people focused on back that very few people focused on back then in the early 90s of signal to noise then in the early 90s of signal to noise then in the early 90s of signal to noise ratio. ratio. ratio. What was so brilliant about Jobs What was so brilliant about Jobs What was so brilliant about Jobs that I tell every CEO now and I don't that I tell every CEO now and I don't that I tell every CEO now and I don't care if you're an S&P 500 CEO or you're care if you're an S&P 500 CEO or you're care if you're an S&P 500 CEO or you're just starting a business. just starting a business. just starting a business. His vision of signal was the top three His vision of signal was the top three His vision of signal was the top three to five things you have to get done in to five things you have to get done in to five things you have to get done in the next 18 hours. Not your vision for the next 18 hours. Not your vision for the next 18 hours. Not your vision for the business next week or next month or the business next week or next month or the business next week or next month or next year. Just the next 18 hours you're next year. Just the next 18 hours you're next year. Just the next 18 hours you're awake. awake. awake. You're going to get those three things You're going to get those three things You're going to get those three things or as five things done that you have or as five things done that you have or as five things done that you have deemed critical for your mission. deemed critical for your mission. deemed critical for your mission. They must get done today. They must get done today. They must get done today. Anything that stops you from doing that Anything that stops you from doing that Anything that stops you from doing that is the noise. is the noise. is the noise. So the signal to noise ratio to be So the signal to noise ratio to be So the signal to noise ratio to be successful for Steve Jobs successful for Steve Jobs successful for Steve Jobs was 80/20. 80 signal 20 noise. was 80/20. 80 signal 20 noise. was 80/20. 80 signal 20 noise. And I knew that to be true with him And I knew that to be true with him And I knew that to be true with him because he would email me at 2:30 in the because he would email me at 2:30 in the because he would email me at 2:30 in the morning expect me to get back to him morning expect me to get back to him morning expect me to get back to him because back then we didn't have texts. because back then we didn't have texts. because back then we didn't have texts. It was all email. He was right. He was right. He was right. He was right. And the only other person that I've seen And the only other person that I've seen And the only other person that I've seen that has a higher ratio than that that has a higher ratio than that that has a higher ratio than that is Elon Musk. He has no noise. is Elon Musk. He has no noise. is Elon Musk. He has no noise. He does not deal with noise. He is 100% He does not deal with noise. He is 100% He does not deal with noise. He is 100% signal 24 seconds of you know every signal 24 seconds of you know every signal 24 seconds of you know every cycle. I mean the guy is just 60 seconds cycle. I mean the guy is just 60 seconds cycle. I mean the guy is just 60 seconds of every minute 60 minutes of every hour of every minute 60 minutes of every hour of every minute 60 minutes of every hour the 18 hours he's awake it's all signal. the 18 hours he's awake it's all signal. the 18 hours he's awake it's all signal. And look what he's achieved. And look what he's achieved. And look what he's achieved. >> And so I can really sort of summarize >> And so I can really sort of summarize >> And so I can really sort of summarize this for my audience. Signal is the most this for my audience. Signal is the most this for my audience. Signal is the most urgent thing you should be focused on urgent thing you should be focused on urgent thing you should be focused on right now and noise is basically right now and noise is basically right now and noise is basically everything else. everything else. everything else. >> No, the goals you set for that the way >> No, the goals you set for that the way >> No, the goals you set for that the way that you are awake. If you're going to that you are awake. If you're going to that you are awake. If you're going to be awake 18 hours be awake 18 hours be awake 18 hours >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> and you have determined that there's >> and you have determined that there's >> and you have determined that there's three things you have to get done three things you have to get done three things you have to get done you're going to get those done. No you're going to get those done. No you're going to get those done. No matter what it takes you're going to get matter what it takes you're going to get matter what it takes you're going to get those done and you're not going to let those done and you're not going to let those done and you're not going to let anything distract you from the three to anything distract you from the three to anything distract you from the three to five things. five things. five things. If you're a CEO and you achieve that and If you're a CEO and you achieve that and If you're a CEO and you achieve that and you can get those done with 80% of your you can get those done with 80% of your you can get those done with 80% of your time based on that time based on that time based on that you're extraordinarily successful. you're extraordinarily successful. you're extraordinarily successful. >> In that clip >> In that clip >> In that clip he's basically saying that the most he's basically saying that the most he's basically saying that the most successful entrepreneurs in the world successful entrepreneurs in the world successful entrepreneurs in the world are remarkably good at focusing on the are remarkably good at focusing on the are remarkably good at focusing on the signal. He said that from his time signal. He said that from his time signal. He said that from his time working with Steve Jobs Steve Jobs would working with Steve Jobs Steve Jobs would working with Steve Jobs Steve Jobs would be 80% signal. I he wakes up in the be 80% signal. I he wakes up in the be 80% signal. I he wakes up in the morning and he knows exactly what we morning and he knows exactly what we morning and he knows exactly what we need to work on. And I watched these need to work on. And I watched these need to work on. And I watched these interviews with Johnny Ive. I'll interviews with Johnny Ive. I'll interviews with Johnny Ive. I'll actually also play the Johnny Ive's actually also play the Johnny Ive's actually also play the Johnny Ive's interview because I send this around to interview because I send this around to interview because I send this around to everybody. So I'm going to play it where everybody. So I'm going to play it where everybody. So I'm going to play it where Johnny Ive talks about how remarkably Johnny Ive talks about how remarkably Johnny Ive talks about how remarkably focused Steve Jobs was. focused Steve Jobs was. focused Steve Jobs was. >> This sounds >> This sounds >> This sounds really simplistic but it still shocks me really simplistic but it still shocks me really simplistic but it still shocks me how few people actually practice this. how few people actually practice this. how few people actually practice this. Um and it's a struggle to practice but Um and it's a struggle to practice but Um and it's a struggle to practice but is is this issue of focus. is is this issue of focus. is is this issue of focus. Um Steve was the most remarkably focused Um Steve was the most remarkably focused Um Steve was the most remarkably focused person I've ever met in my life. person I've ever met in my life. person I've ever met in my life. And um And um And um And the thing with focus is it's not And the thing with focus is it's not And the thing with focus is it's not sort of like this thing you aspire to or sort of like this thing you aspire to or sort of like this thing you aspire to or you you decide on Monday, you know what you you decide on Monday, you know what you you decide on Monday, you know what I'm going to be focused. I'm going to be focused. I'm going to be focused. It is a every minute a why we talking It is a every minute a why we talking It is a every minute a why we talking about this? This is what we're working about this? This is what we're working about this? This is what we're working on. You can achieve so much when you on. You can achieve so much when you on. You can achieve so much when you truly focus. And one of the things that truly focus. And one of the things that truly focus. And one of the things that Steve would say Steve would say Steve would say um because I think he was concerned that um because I think he was concerned that um because I think he was concerned that I wasn't. I wasn't. I wasn't. Um Um Um he would say um how many things have you he would say um how many things have you he would say um how many things have you said no to? said no to? said no to? And I would Honestly, I I would have And I would Honestly, I I would have And I would Honestly, I I would have these sacrificial things cuz I I mean these sacrificial things cuz I I mean these sacrificial things cuz I I mean I wanted to be very honest about it and I wanted to be very honest about it and I wanted to be very honest about it and so I'd say, "Oh, I've I said no to this so I'd say, "Oh, I've I said no to this so I'd say, "Oh, I've I said no to this and no to that." and no to that." and no to that." And um And um And um he but he he knew that I wasn't vaguely he but he he knew that I wasn't vaguely he but he he knew that I wasn't vaguely interested in doing those things anyway. interested in doing those things anyway. interested in doing those things anyway. Um so there was no real sacrifice. What Um so there was no real sacrifice. What Um so there was no real sacrifice. What what focus means is saying no to what focus means is saying no to what focus means is saying no to something that you with every bone in something that you with every bone in something that you with every bone in your body you think is a phenomenal idea your body you think is a phenomenal idea your body you think is a phenomenal idea and you wake up thinking about it but and you wake up thinking about it but and you wake up thinking about it but you say no to it because you're focusing you say no to it because you're focusing you say no to it because you're focusing on something else. on something else. on something else. >> There's something in giving your entire >> There's something in giving your entire >> There's something in giving your entire being of focus to something. Maybe it's being of focus to something. Maybe it's being of focus to something. Maybe it's the context switching or whatever it is the context switching or whatever it is the context switching or whatever it is that means that means that means your probability of being successful at your probability of being successful at your probability of being successful at that particular thing drastically that particular thing drastically that particular thing drastically drastically increases. drastically increases. drastically increases. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Solving hard problems is hard. >> Solving hard problems is hard. >> Solving hard problems is hard. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. But these great great founders, >> Yeah. But these great great founders, >> Yeah. But these great great founders, they they solve them because they're so they they solve them because they're so they they solve them because they're so they're focusing every available unit of they're focusing every available unit of they're focusing every available unit of energy on the thing. energy on the thing. energy on the thing. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Yes. >> Yes. >> Yes. >> I think the reason this is is because of >> I think the reason this is is because of >> I think the reason this is is because of a physical principle about energy, which a physical principle about energy, which a physical principle about energy, which is called a resonance, right? If you is called a resonance, right? If you is called a resonance, right? If you walk through life with such clarity of walk through life with such clarity of walk through life with such clarity of mind right? Like this is mind right? Like this is mind right? Like this is what the truth is. This is where we're what the truth is. This is where we're what the truth is. This is where we're going, right? And and live and you going, right? And and live and you going, right? And and live and you breathe that. You become like a breathe that. You become like a breathe that. You become like a resonator. You hold this energy pattern resonator. You hold this energy pattern resonator. You hold this energy pattern and it comes out not just in in your and it comes out not just in in your and it comes out not just in in your actions and your emails. It comes out in actions and your emails. It comes out in actions and your emails. It comes out in the way you speak and then comes out in the way you speak and then comes out in the way you speak and then comes out in the the things you turn attention to, the the things you turn attention to, the the things you turn attention to, right? It turns out in your tone of right? It turns out in your tone of right? It turns out in your tone of voice, in the care that you, you know, voice, in the care that you, you know, voice, in the care that you, you know, look at people with. It comes out in look at people with. It comes out in look at people with. It comes out in every facet of you, right? So, you every facet of you, right? So, you every facet of you, right? So, you become the emblematic leader, I guess, become the emblematic leader, I guess, become the emblematic leader, I guess, for for that thing that you're 100% for for that thing that you're 100% for for that thing that you're 100% into. What this does is that it's picked into. What this does is that it's picked into. What this does is that it's picked up by other people. Right? Maybe this up by other people. Right? Maybe this up by other people. Right? Maybe this gets like vibes. gets like vibes. gets like vibes. You have that vibe. You have like the You have that vibe. You have like the You have that vibe. You have like the founder's vibe, right? Or like the founder's vibe, right? Or like the founder's vibe, right? Or like the entrepreneur's vibe. I think this is entrepreneur's vibe. I think this is entrepreneur's vibe. I think this is real and this is the energy that's real and this is the energy that's real and this is the energy that's flowing through mitochondria somehow flowing through mitochondria somehow flowing through mitochondria somehow becoming coherent and, you know, aligned becoming coherent and, you know, aligned becoming coherent and, you know, aligned and it feels meaningful. It feels and it feels meaningful. It feels and it feels meaningful. It feels purposeful and then you live purposeful and then you live purposeful and then you live like that and then other people around like that and then other people around like that and then other people around you that resonate with it, right? Like you that resonate with it, right? Like you that resonate with it, right? Like people are drawn to people are drawn to people are drawn to a pure signal. Like if you have that a pure signal. Like if you have that a pure signal. Like if you have that specific signal, it's like a a music, specific signal, it's like a a music, specific signal, it's like a a music, like a symphony, right? Like when it like a symphony, right? Like when it like a symphony, right? Like when it sounds when it's on tune, then people sounds when it's on tune, then people sounds when it's on tune, then people that want to come on board like they that want to come on board like they that want to come on board like they feel this and then it gets amplified. feel this and then it gets amplified. feel this and then it gets amplified. >> It's so funny cuz we were talking there >> It's so funny cuz we were talking there >> It's so funny cuz we were talking there about Steve Jobs being often cited as a about Steve Jobs being often cited as a about Steve Jobs being often cited as a prime example of someone who was really prime example of someone who was really prime example of someone who was really intensely focused with his with his with intensely focused with his with his with intensely focused with his with his with his energy. his energy. his energy. And what you've just described sounds And what you've just described sounds And what you've just described sounds almost perfectly almost perfectly almost perfectly like what people said about him when like what people said about him when like what people said about him when they described him as having a reality they described him as having a reality they described him as having a reality distortion field. distortion field. distortion field. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Probably heard this term. Um the reality >> Probably heard this term. Um the reality >> Probably heard this term. Um the reality distortion field, they called it his RDF distortion field, they called it his RDF distortion field, they called it his RDF was a term coined by Apple software was a term coined by Apple software was a term coined by Apple software engineer Bud Tribble in 1981 to describe engineer Bud Tribble in 1981 to describe engineer Bud Tribble in 1981 to describe Steve Jobs' uncanny, almost hypnotic Steve Jobs' uncanny, almost hypnotic Steve Jobs' uncanny, almost hypnotic ability to convince everyone around him ability to convince everyone around him ability to convince everyone around him to believe practically anything. And to believe practically anything. And to believe practically anything. And people who worked closely with Jobs people who worked closely with Jobs people who worked closely with Jobs described the RDF, the reality described the RDF, the reality described the RDF, the reality distortion field, as a confounding mix distortion field, as a confounding mix distortion field, as a confounding mix of intense charisma, unyielding of intense charisma, unyielding of intense charisma, unyielding willpower, and sheer persistence in a willpower, and sheer persistence in a willpower, and sheer persistence in a certain direction which pulled you with certain direction which pulled you with certain direction which pulled you with him. him. him. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> That's an energetic quality. >> That's an energetic quality. >> That's an energetic quality. And in physics, if you have something And in physics, if you have something And in physics, if you have something that's you has a really strong energy, that's you has a really strong energy, that's you has a really strong energy, then it can entrain other things. If the then it can entrain other things. If the then it can entrain other things. If the the source resonator is strong enough, the source resonator is strong enough, the source resonator is strong enough, people will come in resonance. And then people will come in resonance. And then people will come in resonance. And then it looks spooky. It looks like, "Whoa, it looks spooky. It looks like, "Whoa, it looks spooky. It looks like, "Whoa, this thing, you know, synchronicity or this thing, you know, synchronicity or this thing, you know, synchronicity or this you know, this thing happened and this you know, this thing happened and this you know, this thing happened and somehow, you know, that he was able to somehow, you know, that he was able to somehow, you know, that he was able to mobilize this this donor and you know, mobilize this this donor and you know, mobilize this this donor and you know, fundraising is like easier than it fundraising is like easier than it fundraising is like easier than it should be." And so, they're like all of should be." And so, they're like all of should be." And so, they're like all of these things snowball because you hold these things snowball because you hold these things snowball because you hold that you know, that that vibe. You hold that you know, that that vibe. You hold that you know, that that vibe. You hold that energy and amplify it. that energy and amplify it. that energy and amplify it. >> I mean, exactly that. So, I was just >> I mean, exactly that. So, I was just >> I mean, exactly that. So, I was just reading this quote from someone that reading this quote from someone that reading this quote from someone that used to work with Steve Jobs. Um, and he used to work with Steve Jobs. Um, and he used to work with Steve Jobs. Um, and he said that it would cause two things. It said that it would cause two things. It said that it would cause two things. It would be like he was casting spells on would be like he was casting spells on would be like he was casting spells on you, but he was also bending time and you, but he was also bending time and you, but he was also bending time and physics. physics. physics. >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> They said, "Apple engineer Andy >> They said, "Apple engineer Andy >> They said, "Apple engineer Andy Hertzfeld recalled that if you told Hertzfeld recalled that if you told Hertzfeld recalled that if you told Steve Jobs a task would take 6 months, Steve Jobs a task would take 6 months, Steve Jobs a task would take 6 months, he would look you in the eye and say, he would look you in the eye and say, he would look you in the eye and say, 'You can do it in 2 weeks.' Because of 'You can do it in 2 weeks.' Because of 'You can do it in 2 weeks.' Because of the sheer force of his conviction, the sheer force of his conviction, the sheer force of his conviction, engineers would often actually end up engineers would often actually end up engineers would often actually end up doing it in 2 weeks, completely doing it in 2 weeks, completely doing it in 2 weeks, completely rewriting their own understanding of rewriting their own understanding of rewriting their own understanding of what was possible." And even Bill Gates what was possible." And even Bill Gates what was possible." And even Bill Gates famously remarked on Jobs' charisma, famously remarked on Jobs' charisma, famously remarked on Jobs' charisma, saying, "I was like a minor wizard saying, "I was like a minor wizard saying, "I was like a minor wizard because he was casting spells and I because he was casting spells and I because he was casting spells and I would see people mesmerized, so much so would see people mesmerized, so much so would see people mesmerized, so much so that I was so jealous." that I was so jealous." that I was so jealous." Gates noted that even when Jobs was Gates noted that even when Jobs was Gates noted that even when Jobs was lying or wrong, lying or wrong, lying or wrong, he had everybody completely hooked. he had everybody completely hooked. he had everybody completely hooked. >> Mhm. What's clear to make some like >> Mhm. What's clear to make some like >> Mhm. What's clear to make some like something like this happen is you need something like this happen is you need something like this happen is you need to to to um um um feel that there's something compelling. feel that there's something compelling. feel that there's something compelling. Like you need to feel something is Like you need to feel something is Like you need to feel something is important. And again, that's not a important. And again, that's not a important. And again, that's not a rational thing. Like you need to feel it rational thing. Like you need to feel it rational thing. Like you need to feel it in yourself. Um, and then you need to in yourself. Um, and then you need to in yourself. Um, and then you need to kind of bring that energy into focus and kind of bring that energy into focus and kind of bring that energy into focus and bring attention to it, right? And then bring attention to it, right? And then bring attention to it, right? And then then that's where ideas start to come. then that's where ideas start to come. then that's where ideas start to come. You build a structure around it to to You build a structure around it to to You build a structure around it to to sustain that flow. sustain that flow. sustain that flow. >> You said um at the start that we are the >> You said um at the start that we are the >> You said um at the start that we are the energy flowing through ourselves. And if energy flowing through ourselves. And if energy flowing through ourselves. And if I think about the fact that every I think about the fact that every I think about the fact that every barrier or obstacle we have in the world barrier or obstacle we have in the world barrier or obstacle we have in the world is actually other people. Like that is is actually other people. Like that is is actually other people. Like that is true. Like for me to become the true. Like for me to become the true. Like for me to become the president, prime minister, best sales president, prime minister, best sales president, prime minister, best sales person, or best philanthropist, what I person, or best philanthropist, what I person, or best philanthropist, what I need to do if I am energy is convince need to do if I am energy is convince need to do if I am energy is convince other energy other energy other energy to change its shape. to change its shape. to change its shape. >> I think that's what amazing people do. >> I think that's what amazing people do. >> I think that's what amazing people do. Uh they're able to, you know, see Uh they're able to, you know, see Uh they're able to, you know, see something, hold that vision so strongly, something, hold that vision so strongly, something, hold that vision so strongly, and then mobilize others, right? And and then mobilize others, right? And and then mobilize others, right? And then new things become uh possible. I then new things become uh possible. I then new things become uh possible. I think that's what great leaders do. And think that's what great leaders do. And think that's what great leaders do. And I I now approach, you know, other human I I now approach, you know, other human I I now approach, you know, other human beings and you know, my my son, like my beings and you know, my my son, like my beings and you know, my my son, like my 6-year-old son Noah, 6-year-old son Noah, 6-year-old son Noah, I see him as yes, a little boy, and yes, I see him as yes, a little boy, and yes, I see him as yes, a little boy, and yes, a lot of energy, and yes, you know, some a lot of energy, and yes, you know, some a lot of energy, and yes, you know, some some challenges some challenges some challenges >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> that come with this, but he's this >> that come with this, but he's this >> that come with this, but he's this beautiful little energy pattern, beautiful little energy pattern, beautiful little energy pattern, right? He's just energy flowing through right? He's just energy flowing through right? He's just energy flowing through this little child's body. But my role as this little child's body. But my role as this little child's body. But my role as a parent is to provide just around the a parent is to provide just around the a parent is to provide just around the right amount of resistance, right? The right amount of resistance, right? The right amount of resistance, right? The right amount of constraints. If I don't right amount of constraints. If I don't right amount of constraints. If I don't provide any constraint as a do whatever provide any constraint as a do whatever provide any constraint as a do whatever you want, have whatever you want, you want, have whatever you want, you want, have whatever you want, uh you know, anytime, then like that's uh you know, anytime, then like that's uh you know, anytime, then like that's not good for development. Kids need to not good for development. Kids need to not good for development. Kids need to feel, you know, some boundaries. And so, feel, you know, some boundaries. And so, feel, you know, some boundaries. And so, those are like resistance, right? Little those are like resistance, right? Little those are like resistance, right? Little constraints. But if every minute, like constraints. But if every minute, like constraints. But if every minute, like me putting constraint, no, you can't do me putting constraint, no, you can't do me putting constraint, no, you can't do this, no, you can't do that, then it this, no, you can't do that, then it this, no, you can't do that, then it damages the system. It traumatizes the damages the system. It traumatizes the damages the system. It traumatizes the system. system. system. >> be able to grow. >> be able to grow. >> be able to grow. >> Yeah, exactly. So, the the art really of >> Yeah, exactly. So, the the art really of >> Yeah, exactly. So, the the art really of parenting, and I think the art of parenting, and I think the art of parenting, and I think the art of leadership is providing the right leadership is providing the right leadership is providing the right structure, right? So, that the energy structure, right? So, that the energy structure, right? So, that the energy has some constraints. You like there's a has some constraints. You like there's a has some constraints. You like there's a challenge. There needs to be a challenge challenge. There needs to be a challenge challenge. There needs to be a challenge for the team to meet, right? Challenge for the team to meet, right? Challenge for the team to meet, right? Challenge is like a barrier. It's like a little is like a barrier. It's like a little is like a barrier. It's like a little resistor. Of course, there's challenges, resistor. Of course, there's challenges, resistor. Of course, there's challenges, you're like it's difficult to get there. you're like it's difficult to get there. you're like it's difficult to get there. And if it's not difficult, then every And if it's not difficult, then every And if it's not difficult, then every everyone's bored. If it's like, yeah, everyone's bored. If it's like, yeah, everyone's bored. If it's like, yeah, we're going to do the same thing as we we're going to do the same thing as we we're going to do the same thing as we did last year. did last year. did last year. And then next year we should do the same And then next year we should do the same And then next year we should do the same thing. That's not the same kind of thing. That's not the same kind of thing. That's not the same kind of energy as we need to double this year. energy as we need to double this year. energy as we need to double this year. And then we need to double the you know, And then we need to double the you know, And then we need to double the you know, the year after. This kind of goal or the year after. This kind of goal or the year after. This kind of goal or challenge is a form of constraint, challenge is a form of constraint, challenge is a form of constraint, something you have to work through. I something you have to work through. I something you have to work through. I think that's why the human mind is think that's why the human mind is think that's why the human mind is naturally drawn to challenges. Like, naturally drawn to challenges. Like, naturally drawn to challenges. Like, what's the next challenge? Why go down what's the next challenge? Why go down what's the next challenge? Why go down deep in the ocean to discover new deep in the ocean to discover new deep in the ocean to discover new creatures? Why go in the Amazon trying creatures? Why go in the Amazon trying creatures? Why go in the Amazon trying to discover new species of little bugs? to discover new species of little bugs? to discover new species of little bugs? Why go into space? Like this is all Why go into space? Like this is all Why go into space? Like this is all curiosity driven. It's like the mind curiosity driven. It's like the mind curiosity driven. It's like the mind wanting to have something to hit wanting to have something to hit wanting to have something to hit against. Cuz if there's nothing to hit against. Cuz if there's nothing to hit against. Cuz if there's nothing to hit against, if there's no resistance, then against, if there's no resistance, then against, if there's no resistance, then it's there's no purpose. it's there's no purpose. it's there's no purpose. >> I was thinking about worthwhile goals as >> I was thinking about worthwhile goals as >> I was thinking about worthwhile goals as actually being magnets for energy. You actually being magnets for energy. You actually being magnets for energy. You think about going to the moon, the moon think about going to the moon, the moon think about going to the moon, the moon pulled energy towards it, so we found pulled energy towards it, so we found pulled energy towards it, so we found ourselves to the moon. And actually, if ourselves to the moon. And actually, if ourselves to the moon. And actually, if you bring that down into your own life you bring that down into your own life you bring that down into your own life as like a leader of a company, you go as like a leader of a company, you go as like a leader of a company, you go Okay, if I set a worthwhile goal, I'm Okay, if I set a worthwhile goal, I'm Okay, if I set a worthwhile goal, I'm going to pull people, energy, going to pull people, energy, going to pull people, energy, towards it. And if I have an unworth- towards it. And if I have an unworth- towards it. And if I have an unworth- worthwhile goal, energy won't be worthwhile goal, energy won't be worthwhile goal, energy won't be attracted. So, maybe a worthwhile goal attracted. So, maybe a worthwhile goal attracted. So, maybe a worthwhile goal is actually philosophically a magnet for is actually philosophically a magnet for is actually philosophically a magnet for energy. energy. energy. >> Yeah, I think so. And people are >> Yeah, I think so. And people are >> Yeah, I think so. And people are energetic processes. So, my my energetic processes. So, my my energetic processes. So, my my 6-year-old son is this beautiful 6-year-old son is this beautiful 6-year-old son is this beautiful movement of energy. My goal is to movement of energy. My goal is to movement of energy. My goal is to nurture it, right? And not just with nurture it, right? And not just with nurture it, right? And not just with food and food and food and physically, but to nurture his curiosity physically, but to nurture his curiosity physically, but to nurture his curiosity uh and his transformation. uh and his transformation. uh and his transformation. >> Let me get to this. I read that studies >> Let me get to this. I read that studies >> Let me get to this. I read that studies on brains of dead people have found that on brains of dead people have found that on brains of dead people have found that those with a greater sense of purpose those with a greater sense of purpose those with a greater sense of purpose have more efficient mic- mitochondria? have more efficient mic- mitochondria? have more efficient mic- mitochondria? >> This is this beautiful study in it was >> This is this beautiful study in it was >> This is this beautiful study in it was run in Chicago. Every year, people would run in Chicago. Every year, people would run in Chicago. Every year, people would come to the hospital and then fill out come to the hospital and then fill out come to the hospital and then fill out questionnaires and meet with a a questionnaires and meet with a a questionnaires and meet with a a therapist and neuropsychologist and they therapist and neuropsychologist and they therapist and neuropsychologist and they would ask them questions and test their would ask them questions and test their would ask them questions and test their memory and their cognition. And then memory and their cognition. And then memory and their cognition. And then every year, they would report how much every year, they would report how much every year, they would report how much purpose they felt like they had, how purpose they felt like they had, how purpose they felt like they had, how much sense of connection with other much sense of connection with other much sense of connection with other human beings or with something greater human beings or with something greater human beings or with something greater than themselves, how optimistic they than themselves, how optimistic they than themselves, how optimistic they were about the future, right? And some were about the future, right? And some were about the future, right? And some people are like more optimistic, happy, people are like more optimistic, happy, people are like more optimistic, happy, and and and purposeful than than others, and and and purposeful than than others, and and and purposeful than than others, but there's always kind of fluctuations, but there's always kind of fluctuations, but there's always kind of fluctuations, right? Like we go through fluctuations. right? Like we go through fluctuations. right? Like we go through fluctuations. We go through life, no matter how lucky We go through life, no matter how lucky We go through life, no matter how lucky you are, life always ends up being you are, life always ends up being you are, life always ends up being challenging in in some ways. So, we challenging in in some ways. So, we challenging in in some ways. So, we asked asked asked how people felt, how much purpose people how people felt, how much purpose people how people felt, how much purpose people experienced before they died. Is that experienced before they died. Is that experienced before they died. Is that related to the mitochondria in their related to the mitochondria in their related to the mitochondria in their brain? And the only way you can ask this brain? And the only way you can ask this brain? And the only way you can ask this question is to look at the brain after question is to look at the brain after question is to look at the brain after the person died. the person died. the person died. Right? So, then you have how the person Right? So, then you have how the person Right? So, then you have how the person felt, right? Before they How much felt, right? Before they How much felt, right? Before they How much purpose they experience. And then you purpose they experience. And then you purpose they experience. And then you look at the mitochondria after they die. look at the mitochondria after they die. look at the mitochondria after they die. >> Where? >> Where? >> Where? >> In in the the dorsolateral prefrontal >> In in the the dorsolateral prefrontal >> In in the the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. So, that little part of the cortex. So, that little part of the cortex. So, that little part of the brain that's involved in, you know, brain that's involved in, you know, brain that's involved in, you know, active reasoning and executive function. active reasoning and executive function. active reasoning and executive function. And the mitochondria in the people who And the mitochondria in the people who And the mitochondria in the people who felt more purpose had a greater energy felt more purpose had a greater energy felt more purpose had a greater energy transformation capacity. transformation capacity. transformation capacity. >> What does that mean in simple terms? >> What does that mean in simple terms? >> What does that mean in simple terms? >> The resistance was lower. This could >> The resistance was lower. This could >> The resistance was lower. This could mean that if you feel more life purpose, mean that if you feel more life purpose, mean that if you feel more life purpose, the mitochondria in your brain can flow the mitochondria in your brain can flow the mitochondria in your brain can flow energy more easily. energy more easily. energy more easily. >> Or it could mean the inverse of that. >> Or it could mean the inverse of that. >> Or it could mean the inverse of that. >> Well, it could mean that having >> Well, it could mean that having >> Well, it could mean that having mitochondria in your brain that can flow mitochondria in your brain that can flow mitochondria in your brain that can flow energy more easily just changes how you energy more easily just changes how you energy more easily just changes how you see life. see life. see life. >> Makes you feel more purposeful. >> Makes you feel more purposeful. >> Makes you feel more purposeful. >> Yeah, exactly. >> Yeah, exactly. >> Yeah, exactly. >> Or it could mean that purpose itself is >> Or it could mean that purpose itself is >> Or it could mean that purpose itself is creating more efficient mitochondria. creating more efficient mitochondria. creating more efficient mitochondria. >> Exactly. People have done studies in >> Exactly. People have done studies in >> Exactly. People have done studies in animals, and we've done some of those animals, and we've done some of those animals, and we've done some of those studies, where you can basically change studies, where you can basically change studies, where you can basically change the state of mind of a mouse by like the state of mind of a mouse by like the state of mind of a mouse by like stressing it out chronically. And then stressing it out chronically. And then stressing it out chronically. And then you make it feel defeated and like a you make it feel defeated and like a you make it feel defeated and like a really stressful life. And you ask, really stressful life. And you ask, really stressful life. And you ask, "Does this change the mitochondria in "Does this change the mitochondria in "Does this change the mitochondria in the brain?" Right? Can the experience of the brain?" Right? Can the experience of the brain?" Right? Can the experience of stress change the mitochondria in the stress change the mitochondria in the stress change the mitochondria in the brain? 100%. That happens. Now you can brain? 100%. That happens. Now you can brain? 100%. That happens. Now you can say, "Okay, now let's change the say, "Okay, now let's change the say, "Okay, now let's change the mitochondria in the brain. You can like mitochondria in the brain. You can like mitochondria in the brain. You can like open up the brain, inject a little open up the brain, inject a little open up the brain, inject a little something that either boost the something that either boost the something that either boost the mitochondria or inhibit and activate the mitochondria or inhibit and activate the mitochondria or inhibit and activate the mitochondria, increase or decrease mitochondria, increase or decrease mitochondria, increase or decrease resistance." And then you ask, "Does resistance." And then you ask, "Does resistance." And then you ask, "Does this change how the animal appears to this change how the animal appears to this change how the animal appears to feel? How do animals behave in terms of feel? How do animals behave in terms of feel? How do animals behave in terms of anxiety or social interactions with anxiety or social interactions with anxiety or social interactions with other animals, sociality or dominance?" other animals, sociality or dominance?" other animals, sociality or dominance?" 100%. So, 100%. So, 100%. So, the best science shows it goes both the best science shows it goes both the best science shows it goes both ways. So, how you feel can change the ways. So, how you feel can change the ways. So, how you feel can change the mitochondria, the mitochondria can mitochondria, the mitochondria can mitochondria, the mitochondria can change probably how you feel. change probably how you feel. change probably how you feel. >> And so, if And we're going to we're >> And so, if And we're going to we're >> And so, if And we're going to we're theorizing here. If I don't have purpose theorizing here. If I don't have purpose theorizing here. If I don't have purpose in my life, it's going to change the in my life, it's going to change the in my life, it's going to change the mitochondria. And then if it If my mitochondria. And then if it If my mitochondria. And then if it If my mitochondria becomes more inefficient, mitochondria becomes more inefficient, mitochondria becomes more inefficient, >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> then what? >> then what? >> then what? What will I notice as the next symptom? What will I notice as the next symptom? What will I notice as the next symptom? >> Yeah, probably fatigue is the first >> Yeah, probably fatigue is the first >> Yeah, probably fatigue is the first thing that kind of starts to pop up. You thing that kind of starts to pop up. You thing that kind of starts to pop up. You feel drained, you don't feel you have, feel drained, you don't feel you have, feel drained, you don't feel you have, you know, enough energy. Burnout? you know, enough energy. Burnout? you know, enough energy. Burnout? Probably feels like burnout, and you Probably feels like burnout, and you Probably feels like burnout, and you start to lose enthusiasm for, you know, start to lose enthusiasm for, you know, start to lose enthusiasm for, you know, for the future. for the future. for the future. You become more pessimistic. So, there's You become more pessimistic. So, there's You become more pessimistic. So, there's kind of a constellation of things we kind of a constellation of things we kind of a constellation of things we call depression or, you know, burnout, call depression or, you know, burnout, call depression or, you know, burnout, or we put labels on these things, but or we put labels on these things, but or we put labels on these things, but really every person starts to experience really every person starts to experience really every person starts to experience life as less enjoyable, less purposeful, life as less enjoyable, less purposeful, life as less enjoyable, less purposeful, less meaningful, less meaningful, less meaningful, um regardless of the the diagnostic um regardless of the the diagnostic um regardless of the the diagnostic title we put on it. title we put on it. title we put on it. >> Which is interesting, cuz I've I've >> Which is interesting, cuz I've I've >> Which is interesting, cuz I've I've interviewed a few people that are interviewed a few people that are interviewed a few people that are experts on the subject of depression, experts on the subject of depression, experts on the subject of depression, and also addiction, frankly. And one of and also addiction, frankly. And one of and also addiction, frankly. And one of the things that I remember Johann Hari the things that I remember Johann Hari the things that I remember Johann Hari saying to me, who wrote a book called saying to me, who wrote a book called saying to me, who wrote a book called Lost Connections, is that in some Lost Connections, is that in some Lost Connections, is that in some cultures, the cure that they apply for cultures, the cure that they apply for cultures, the cure that they apply for depressive symptoms is giving someone depressive symptoms is giving someone depressive symptoms is giving someone purpose in their life. purpose in their life. purpose in their life. >> Mhm. Yeah, it's so powerful. >> Mhm. Yeah, it's so powerful. >> Mhm. Yeah, it's so powerful. My hunch is that My hunch is that My hunch is that most of what we call depression is a most of what we call depression is a most of what we call depression is a loss of coherence. And when we're loss of coherence. And when we're loss of coherence. And when we're isolated, isolated, isolated, we did a study recently to look at the we did a study recently to look at the we did a study recently to look at the energetics of mental stress. energetics of mental stress. energetics of mental stress. When you feel like you're being pulled When you feel like you're being pulled When you feel like you're being pulled aside and judged, and right? What does aside and judged, and right? What does aside and judged, and right? What does that do energetically to the body? that do energetically to the body? that do energetically to the body? And and there's this protein marker in And and there's this protein marker in And and there's this protein marker in the blood that reflects energy friction, the blood that reflects energy friction, the blood that reflects energy friction, energy resistance, right? If the energy resistance, right? If the energy resistance, right? If the mitochondria can't flow energy smoothly, mitochondria can't flow energy smoothly, mitochondria can't flow energy smoothly, this protein gets made. And then it's in this protein gets made. And then it's in this protein gets made. And then it's in the kind of a blood biomarker. It's the kind of a blood biomarker. It's the kind of a blood biomarker. It's elevated in cancer, elevated in cancer, elevated in cancer, where we think there's increased energy where we think there's increased energy where we think there's increased energy resistance. It's elevated in resistance. It's elevated in resistance. It's elevated in Alzheimer's, where we think there's Alzheimer's, where we think there's Alzheimer's, where we think there's increased energy resistance in the increased energy resistance in the increased energy resistance in the brain. It's elevated in diabetes, where brain. It's elevated in diabetes, where brain. It's elevated in diabetes, where there's increased energy resistance with there's increased energy resistance with there's increased energy resistance with the insulin resistance. It's elevated in the insulin resistance. It's elevated in the insulin resistance. It's elevated in all sorts of pathologies, hypertension all sorts of pathologies, hypertension all sorts of pathologies, hypertension and the heart disease, and it's a marker and the heart disease, and it's a marker and the heart disease, and it's a marker that the organism energetically is not that the organism energetically is not that the organism energetically is not doing well. There's it's not efficient, doing well. There's it's not efficient, doing well. There's it's not efficient, right? That's almost a marker of right? That's almost a marker of right? That's almost a marker of inefficiency. We did this study where inefficiency. We did this study where inefficiency. We did this study where you bring people in, we put an you bring people in, we put an you bring people in, we put an intravenous line, so we can measure the intravenous line, so we can measure the intravenous line, so we can measure the blood markers, blood markers, blood markers, and then we tell them, "Okay, just and then we tell them, "Okay, just and then we tell them, "Okay, just relax, everything's fine, you're doing relax, everything's fine, you're doing relax, everything's fine, you're doing great." And then they they sit down, great." And then they they sit down, great." And then they they sit down, they relax for 30 minutes, cortisol goes they relax for 30 minutes, cortisol goes they relax for 30 minutes, cortisol goes down, the heart rate goes down, blood down, the heart rate goes down, blood down, the heart rate goes down, blood pressure goes down. pressure goes down. pressure goes down. And then our lovely study coordinator, And then our lovely study coordinator, And then our lovely study coordinator, Catherine, walked into the room and then Catherine, walked into the room and then Catherine, walked into the room and then looked at the participants and said, looked at the participants and said, looked at the participants and said, "Now you're going to be judged. "Now you're going to be judged. "Now you're going to be judged. You're going to have to deliver a speech You're going to have to deliver a speech You're going to have to deliver a speech and here's a situation. You were in a and here's a situation. You were in a and here's a situation. You were in a shopping mall. You were you know, you shopping mall. You were you know, you shopping mall. You were you know, you grabbed this this car if you put it on grabbed this this car if you put it on grabbed this this car if you put it on just to try, but then the security guard just to try, but then the security guard just to try, but then the security guard caught you and then they're accusing you caught you and then they're accusing you caught you and then they're accusing you of shoplifting. So now you're in court, of shoplifting. So now you're in court, of shoplifting. So now you're in court, you need to defend yourselves in front you need to defend yourselves in front you need to defend yourselves in front of the of the of the the judge and you need to tell the judge the judge and you need to tell the judge the judge and you need to tell the judge what should happen to the security what should happen to the security what should happen to the security guard. Should he lose his job or and guard. Should he lose his job or and guard. Should he lose his job or and then then we tell them, "You have 2 then then we tell them, "You have 2 then then we tell them, "You have 2 minutes to prepare your 3-minute defense minutes to prepare your 3-minute defense minutes to prepare your 3-minute defense in front of the judge." in front of the judge." in front of the judge." Most people Most people Most people start to feel the the anxiety and then start to feel the the anxiety and then start to feel the the anxiety and then we we monitor heart rate at the same we we monitor heart rate at the same we we monitor heart rate at the same time and blood pressure and and then we time and blood pressure and and then we time and blood pressure and and then we draw blood and so you can see everyone's draw blood and so you can see everyone's draw blood and so you can see everyone's physiology. Wasting energy, right? The physiology. Wasting energy, right? The physiology. Wasting energy, right? The energetic cost of stress. energetic cost of stress. energetic cost of stress. You see this on the monitor on the other You see this on the monitor on the other You see this on the monitor on the other side, you know, in the control room. And side, you know, in the control room. And side, you know, in the control room. And then we put a camera in front of them then we put a camera in front of them then we put a camera in front of them that mocks, you know, video records that mocks, you know, video records that mocks, you know, video records them. And then we have a white them. And then we have a white them. And then we have a white coat-wearing old white man who stands 6 coat-wearing old white man who stands 6 coat-wearing old white man who stands 6 feet in front of them, looks at them feet in front of them, looks at them feet in front of them, looks at them straight in the eye and says, "Start straight in the eye and says, "Start straight in the eye and says, "Start talking." talking." talking." And then they have to And then they have to And then they have to look into into the camera and they do look into into the camera and they do look into into the camera and they do their their defense and they know their their defense and they know their their defense and they know someone's looking at them. And what we someone's looking at them. And what we someone's looking at them. And what we saw was that this energy stress marker saw was that this energy stress marker saw was that this energy stress marker goes up. goes up. goes up. Just with mental stress. You're not Just with mental stress. You're not Just with mental stress. You're not doing exercise, you're not doing doing exercise, you're not doing doing exercise, you're not doing anything strenuous. You're just going anything strenuous. You're just going anything strenuous. You're just going through this phase of through this phase of through this phase of what's going to happen to me, to my ego, what's going to happen to me, to my ego, what's going to happen to me, to my ego, to to my sense of self. to to my sense of self. to to my sense of self. >> So what's the downstream consequence of >> So what's the downstream consequence of >> So what's the downstream consequence of this thing, this stress chemical being this thing, this stress chemical being this thing, this stress chemical being in your body? in your body? in your body? >> Yeah, so that protein is called GDF15. >> Yeah, so that protein is called GDF15. >> Yeah, so that protein is called GDF15. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Growth differentiation factor 15. The >> Growth differentiation factor 15. The >> Growth differentiation factor 15. The name doesn't matter, but that energetic name doesn't matter, but that energetic name doesn't matter, but that energetic stress marker, you're asking the right stress marker, you're asking the right stress marker, you're asking the right question. What does it do? And what does question. What does it do? And what does question. What does it do? And what does it matter? And it turns out this protein it matter? And it turns out this protein it matter? And it turns out this protein goes to the brain goes to the brain goes to the brain >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> and that protein can be made by any >> and that protein can be made by any >> and that protein can be made by any organ in the body except one. organ in the body except one. organ in the body except one. The brain. The brain. The brain. What is it doing? It's very useful to What is it doing? It's very useful to What is it doing? It's very useful to know where Where is the receptor? Right? know where Where is the receptor? Right? know where Where is the receptor? Right? Cuz you need to have for signaling and Cuz you need to have for signaling and Cuz you need to have for signaling and biology to happen, you need a signal and biology to happen, you need a signal and biology to happen, you need a signal and you need a a receptor, a sensor, right? you need a a receptor, a sensor, right? you need a a receptor, a sensor, right? Uh where's the receptor for this Uh where's the receptor for this Uh where's the receptor for this protein, do you think? protein, do you think? protein, do you think? Only in one organ in the body. >> Is it in here? >> Is it in here? >> It's right in here. >> It's right in here. >> It's right in here. >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> Yeah, so in the brainstem. The The >> Yeah, so in the brainstem. The The >> Yeah, so in the brainstem. The The brainstem is where kind of the the brainstem is where kind of the the brainstem is where kind of the the basic survival systems of the body are basic survival systems of the body are basic survival systems of the body are and there's a region in the brainstem and there's a region in the brainstem and there's a region in the brainstem called the area postrema. Doesn't called the area postrema. Doesn't called the area postrema. Doesn't matter. It's It's known as the vomiting matter. It's It's known as the vomiting matter. It's It's known as the vomiting and nausea center for the brain. and nausea center for the brain. and nausea center for the brain. >> Wait, so if something happens, I'm >> Wait, so if something happens, I'm >> Wait, so if something happens, I'm extremely stressed, the world is judging extremely stressed, the world is judging extremely stressed, the world is judging me, this protein goes into my blood and me, this protein goes into my blood and me, this protein goes into my blood and then it goes up into my brainstem and it then it goes up into my brainstem and it then it goes up into my brainstem and it docks in there, correct? And then what docks in there, correct? And then what docks in there, correct? And then what happens? happens? happens? >> And then it turns out the brain >> And then it turns out the brain >> And then it turns out the brain interpret this as interpret this as interpret this as there's something running out of energy. there's something running out of energy. there's something running out of energy. >> There's something running out of energy, >> There's something running out of energy, >> There's something running out of energy, okay. okay. okay. >> Something in the body is not right. >> Something in the body is not right. >> Something in the body is not right. There's something running out of energy There's something running out of energy There's something running out of energy and then the brain makes two decisions, and then the brain makes two decisions, and then the brain makes two decisions, very similar to when you're sick. That very similar to when you're sick. That very similar to when you're sick. That protein GDF15 is called a cytokine. It's protein GDF15 is called a cytokine. It's protein GDF15 is called a cytokine. It's the same thing that immune cells produce the same thing that immune cells produce the same thing that immune cells produce when they're activated during an when they're activated during an when they're activated during an infection. infection. infection. >> Okay, so your body thinks you're sick. >> Okay, so your body thinks you're sick. >> Okay, so your body thinks you're sick. >> Yes. >> Yes. >> Yes. >> And then what? >> And then what? >> And then what? >> And then does two things. >> And then does two things. >> And then does two things. Save energy, conserve energy. Save energy, conserve energy. Save energy, conserve energy. >> So you lose motivation. >> So you lose motivation. >> So you lose motivation. >> Yes. Lose motivation. >> Yes. Lose motivation. >> Yes. Lose motivation. >> Feel depressed. >> Feel depressed. >> Feel depressed. >> Feel depressed. >> Feel depressed. >> Feel depressed. >> Can't go to the gym. >> Can't go to the gym. >> Can't go to the gym. >> Yes. >> Yes. >> Yes. Doesn't feel worth it. We know that this Doesn't feel worth it. We know that this Doesn't feel worth it. We know that this specifically from animal studies, if you specifically from animal studies, if you specifically from animal studies, if you inject animals with GDF15, they hunch in inject animals with GDF15, they hunch in inject animals with GDF15, they hunch in a ball and they don't do anything, a ball and they don't do anything, a ball and they don't do anything, right? They go into this sickness right? They go into this sickness right? They go into this sickness behavior. That's number one. Number two, behavior. That's number one. Number two, behavior. That's number one. Number two, the brain says, "Something's running out the brain says, "Something's running out the brain says, "Something's running out of energy. First, let's conserve energy, of energy. First, let's conserve energy, of energy. First, let's conserve energy, number one, but two, let's mobilize number one, but two, let's mobilize number one, but two, let's mobilize energy, right? Let's put glucose into energy, right? Let's put glucose into energy, right? Let's put glucose into the blood. Let's put fat into the blood the blood. Let's put fat into the blood the blood. Let's put fat into the blood because there might be cells out there because there might be cells out there because there might be cells out there that are, you know, running out of that are, you know, running out of that are, you know, running out of energy and we need to rescue them." energy and we need to rescue them." energy and we need to rescue them." >> Are you going to get >> Are you going to get >> Are you going to get belly fat? belly fat? belly fat? >> Visceral fat, yeah. >> Visceral fat, yeah. >> Visceral fat, yeah. >> Yeah, you're going to get belly fat from >> Yeah, you're going to get belly fat from >> Yeah, you're going to get belly fat from this. this. this. >> Yeah, when stress hormones are up, >> Yeah, when stress hormones are up, >> Yeah, when stress hormones are up, right? And you're increasing blood right? And you're increasing blood right? And you're increasing blood glucose, increasing glucose, increasing glucose, increasing blood lipids, if the rest of the body blood lipids, if the rest of the body blood lipids, if the rest of the body doesn't need it, which is what kind of doesn't need it, which is what kind of doesn't need it, which is what kind of happens in during a stress response like happens in during a stress response like happens in during a stress response like this, that fat gets lodged where it this, that fat gets lodged where it this, that fat gets lodged where it shouldn't. Called ectopic fat, and shouldn't. Called ectopic fat, and shouldn't. Called ectopic fat, and that's what belly fat is. that's what belly fat is. that's what belly fat is. >> Okay, so let's go a bit further. This is >> Okay, so let's go a bit further. This is >> Okay, so let's go a bit further. This is happening. Um if this is chronic, happening. Um if this is chronic, happening. Um if this is chronic, I guess it's going to lead at some point I guess it's going to lead at some point I guess it's going to lead at some point to disease. to disease. to disease. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. What the best studies show on this is What the best studies show on this is What the best studies show on this is when you have high level of this when you have high level of this when you have high level of this energetic stress marker, this protein, energetic stress marker, this protein, energetic stress marker, this protein, you're more likely if you follow people you're more likely if you follow people you're more likely if you follow people then studies were done where you take then studies were done where you take then studies were done where you take the blood, you measure this protein. the blood, you measure this protein. the blood, you measure this protein. Some people have very high levels, some Some people have very high levels, some Some people have very high levels, some people have very low levels. Uh and then people have very low levels. Uh and then people have very low levels. Uh and then you you you wait 14 years. This is actually a study wait 14 years. This is actually a study wait 14 years. This is actually a study from the UK. It's called the UK Biobank. from the UK. It's called the UK Biobank. from the UK. It's called the UK Biobank. So if you measure the protein energetic So if you measure the protein energetic So if you measure the protein energetic stress cytokine and you ask, "What stress cytokine and you ask, "What stress cytokine and you ask, "What happens to people with high GDF15 versus happens to people with high GDF15 versus happens to people with high GDF15 versus people with low GDF15?" Turns out people people with low GDF15?" Turns out people people with low GDF15?" Turns out people with high GDF15 are more likely to with high GDF15 are more likely to with high GDF15 are more likely to develop mental illness. develop mental illness. develop mental illness. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Bipolar disease, depression, >> Bipolar disease, depression, >> Bipolar disease, depression, schizophrenia. schizophrenia. schizophrenia. People with high GDF15 are more likely People with high GDF15 are more likely People with high GDF15 are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease, to develop cardiovascular disease, to develop cardiovascular disease, hypertension. hypertension. hypertension. People with high GDF15 are more likely People with high GDF15 are more likely People with high GDF15 are more likely to be dead. to be dead. to be dead. At this point we don't know if it makes At this point we don't know if it makes At this point we don't know if it makes a difference if it's from mental stress, a difference if it's from mental stress, a difference if it's from mental stress, if it's from physical stress, if it's if it's from physical stress, if it's if it's from physical stress, if it's from an organ struggling, right? That's from an organ struggling, right? That's from an organ struggling, right? That's sick and trying to to heal itself. High sick and trying to to heal itself. High sick and trying to to heal itself. High energy stress, high energy resistance in energy stress, high energy resistance in energy stress, high energy resistance in the body the body the body based on this marker based on this marker based on this marker is is is called a prognostic indicator. It's an called a prognostic indicator. It's an called a prognostic indicator. It's an indicator that indicator that indicator that something bad might happen. And uh and something bad might happen. And uh and something bad might happen. And uh and and people with high GDF15 also, they and people with high GDF15 also, they and people with high GDF15 also, they don't like to take the stairs. They don't like to take the stairs. They don't like to take the stairs. They don't like to walk for pleasure. They don't like to walk for pleasure. They don't like to walk for pleasure. They don't like to go out to the gym. They don't like to go out to the gym. They don't like to go out to the gym. They don't like to go out with friends. don't like to go out with friends. don't like to go out with friends. >> They don't like to exercise, or what? >> They don't like to exercise, or what? >> They don't like to exercise, or what? >> Correct. Yeah, cuz it it if you're >> Correct. Yeah, cuz it it if you're >> Correct. Yeah, cuz it it if you're getting the signal like when you're getting the signal like when you're getting the signal like when you're sick, right? If the GDF15 is made sick, right? If the GDF15 is made sick, right? If the GDF15 is made somewhere in your body, it goes to your somewhere in your body, it goes to your somewhere in your body, it goes to your brain, you're getting the signal, you're brain, you're getting the signal, you're brain, you're getting the signal, you're running out of energy. running out of energy. running out of energy. >> So I guess the the question everyone's >> So I guess the the question everyone's >> So I guess the the question everyone's asking that is listening to this now is asking that is listening to this now is asking that is listening to this now is how do I prevent GDF15 or whatever it's how do I prevent GDF15 or whatever it's how do I prevent GDF15 or whatever it's called, this stress cytokine thing that called, this stress cytokine thing that called, this stress cytokine thing that goes and docks in my brain? How do I goes and docks in my brain? How do I goes and docks in my brain? How do I prevent it from floating around in my prevent it from floating around in my prevent it from floating around in my blood so often? blood so often? blood so often? >> Good question. Taking the time to feel. >> Good question. Taking the time to feel. >> Good question. Taking the time to feel. >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> Meditation. >> Meditation. >> Meditation. >> Meditation. My bloody fiance was right. >> Meditation. My bloody fiance was right. >> Meditation. My bloody fiance was right. >> Uh what we know is there's some initial >> Uh what we know is there's some initial >> Uh what we know is there's some initial evidence that GDF15 increases throughout evidence that GDF15 increases throughout evidence that GDF15 increases throughout the day, right? Uh so the purpose of the day, right? Uh so the purpose of the day, right? Uh so the purpose of sleep then might be to reduce energy sleep then might be to reduce energy sleep then might be to reduce energy resistance. resistance. resistance. All right, like what we were talking All right, like what we were talking All right, like what we were talking about earlier, it's not about having about earlier, it's not about having about earlier, it's not about having like finding this one optimal level of like finding this one optimal level of like finding this one optimal level of resistance and sticking there. It's resistance and sticking there. It's resistance and sticking there. It's about this movement of increasing about this movement of increasing about this movement of increasing resistance and then decreasing resistance and then decreasing resistance and then decreasing resistance and increasing resistance and resistance and increasing resistance and resistance and increasing resistance and decreasing resistance. It's kind of this decreasing resistance. It's kind of this decreasing resistance. It's kind of this movement of life. movement of life. movement of life. >> And I guess all the other things we >> And I guess all the other things we >> And I guess all the other things we talked about earlier as it relates to talked about earlier as it relates to talked about earlier as it relates to lifestyle factors like keeping away from lifestyle factors like keeping away from lifestyle factors like keeping away from these sort of extreme stresses, eating these sort of extreme stresses, eating these sort of extreme stresses, eating way too much, starving oneself, way too much, starving oneself, way too much, starving oneself, oxidative stress. None of the solutions oxidative stress. None of the solutions oxidative stress. None of the solutions here are rocket science, are they? here are rocket science, are they? here are rocket science, are they? >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Do you know what I mean? >> Do you know what I mean? >> Do you know what I mean? >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> If we just look back in time of how we >> If we just look back in time of how we >> If we just look back in time of how we used to live a you know, a little bit used to live a you know, a little bit used to live a you know, a little bit more human out in nature with people, more human out in nature with people, more human out in nature with people, with friends, off screens. with friends, off screens. with friends, off screens. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Eating stuff that grows in the ground or >> Eating stuff that grows in the ground or >> Eating stuff that grows in the ground or has legs and runs. has legs and runs. has legs and runs. A lot of that is pretty like a pretty A lot of that is pretty like a pretty A lot of that is pretty like a pretty simple playbook for like how to live a simple playbook for like how to live a simple playbook for like how to live a good life. good life. good life. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> And to not be so bloody stressed out all >> And to not be so bloody stressed out all >> And to not be so bloody stressed out all the time. the time. the time. >> I think part of it is yes, living a life >> I think part of it is yes, living a life >> I think part of it is yes, living a life that is more aligned with the way we that is more aligned with the way we that is more aligned with the way we evolved. evolved. evolved. Right? Which is Right? Which is Right? Which is connecting to other human beings and not connecting to other human beings and not connecting to other human beings and not eating too much and eating too much and eating too much and um I think that's one piece and but um I think that's one piece and but um I think that's one piece and but that's like everyone knows this. that's like everyone knows this. that's like everyone knows this. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Why aren't we doing it? >> Why aren't we doing it? >> Why aren't we doing it? And I think part of the reason is And I think part of the reason is And I think part of the reason is because we we have this kind of because we we have this kind of because we we have this kind of misconception of ourselves as a misconception of ourselves as a misconception of ourselves as a molecular machine, right? And it's like molecular machine, right? And it's like molecular machine, right? And it's like need to maintain your car. If I'm like a need to maintain your car. If I'm like a need to maintain your car. If I'm like a machine, if I'm like a car, then I'm machine, if I'm like a car, then I'm machine, if I'm like a car, then I'm just going to put more fuel in and I just going to put more fuel in and I just going to put more fuel in and I should feel better. And then you do it should feel better. And then you do it should feel better. And then you do it and then you you eat more and then you and then you you eat more and then you and then you you eat more and then you don't feel better. And that's I think don't feel better. And that's I think don't feel better. And that's I think extremely disempowering. extremely disempowering. extremely disempowering. People want to be empowered and people People want to be empowered and people People want to be empowered and people want to have knowledge, but they want to want to have knowledge, but they want to want to have knowledge, but they want to know what to do so they can be their know what to do so they can be their know what to do so they can be their best version of themselves, so they can best version of themselves, so they can best version of themselves, so they can flourish. flourish. flourish. >> So, you know what's interesting? Before >> So, you know what's interesting? Before >> So, you know what's interesting? Before you arrived, I I did something I've you arrived, I I did something I've you arrived, I I did something I've never done before. I went through never done before. I went through never done before. I went through all of the interviews you've done, and I all of the interviews you've done, and I all of the interviews you've done, and I looked at all the comments because I looked at all the comments because I looked at all the comments because I wanted to understand the people that wanted to understand the people that wanted to understand the people that have listened to you frequently. What have listened to you frequently. What have listened to you frequently. What what what What is it they feel like they what what What is it they feel like they what what What is it they feel like they would love to ask you, or what they would love to ask you, or what they would love to ask you, or what they haven't gotten from other interviews? haven't gotten from other interviews? haven't gotten from other interviews? One of the most popular comments, which One of the most popular comments, which One of the most popular comments, which was seen roughly 10% of time, was the was seen roughly 10% of time, was the was seen roughly 10% of time, was the audience asking about supplements. And audience asking about supplements. And audience asking about supplements. And the question that they had is that they the question that they had is that they the question that they had is that they know you personally lean on lifestyle know you personally lean on lifestyle know you personally lean on lifestyle interventions, but the biohacking interventions, but the biohacking interventions, but the biohacking community is very interested in community is very interested in community is very interested in compounds like methylene blue, urolithin compounds like methylene blue, urolithin compounds like methylene blue, urolithin A, and N NAD+ boosters. A, and N NAD+ boosters. A, and N NAD+ boosters. In your opinion, what does the sort of In your opinion, what does the sort of In your opinion, what does the sort of clinical data or clinical consensus clinical data or clinical consensus clinical data or clinical consensus actually say about these supplements? actually say about these supplements? actually say about these supplements? Are they a shortcut? Are they a Are they a shortcut? Are they a Are they a shortcut? Are they a band-aid? Are they useful? band-aid? Are they useful? band-aid? Are they useful? >> I think there are shortcuts to >> I think there are shortcuts to >> I think there are shortcuts to to some to some to some states. I lean away from them because I states. I lean away from them because I states. I lean away from them because I think once we start to think that think once we start to think that think once we start to think that there's a magic pill to solve a complex there's a magic pill to solve a complex there's a magic pill to solve a complex issue, to solve the way that you're issue, to solve the way that you're issue, to solve the way that you're feeling, becomes like the oh, there's a feeling, becomes like the oh, there's a feeling, becomes like the oh, there's a magic pill for this. And then you don't magic pill for this. And then you don't magic pill for this. And then you don't need to bring awareness to what you are. need to bring awareness to what you are. need to bring awareness to what you are. >> But, can I do both? >> But, can I do both? >> But, can I do both? >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> I think so. In in some cases, I don't >> I think so. In in some cases, I don't >> I think so. In in some cases, I don't really know how methylene blue does really know how methylene blue does really know how methylene blue does everything it's supposed to be doing. everything it's supposed to be doing. everything it's supposed to be doing. What What What biologically methylene blue seems to be biologically methylene blue seems to be biologically methylene blue seems to be able to give electrons to the able to give electrons to the able to give electrons to the mitochondria. So, maybe there's mitochondria. So, maybe there's mitochondria. So, maybe there's something there that methylene blue can something there that methylene blue can something there that methylene blue can help relieve energy resistance in the help relieve energy resistance in the help relieve energy resistance in the mitochondria. NAD+ is probably the best mitochondria. NAD+ is probably the best mitochondria. NAD+ is probably the best supported intervention to reduce supported intervention to reduce supported intervention to reduce inflammation. Also, it's an electron inflammation. Also, it's an electron inflammation. Also, it's an electron carrier. So, it take electrons from food carrier. So, it take electrons from food carrier. So, it take electrons from food and then gives them to the electron and then gives them to the electron and then gives them to the electron transport chain, so the mitochondria can transport chain, so the mitochondria can transport chain, so the mitochondria can flow those electrons with low flow those electrons with low flow those electrons with low resistance. So, if you're depleted of resistance. So, if you're depleted of resistance. So, if you're depleted of NAD, NAD, NAD, there's that's going to cause increased there's that's going to cause increased there's that's going to cause increased resistance for electrons to flow through resistance for electrons to flow through resistance for electrons to flow through the the metabolic circuit. the the metabolic circuit. the the metabolic circuit. >> So, NAD+ seems to calm things down a >> So, NAD+ seems to calm things down a >> So, NAD+ seems to calm things down a little bit in terms of energy processing little bit in terms of energy processing little bit in terms of energy processing and if and if and if >> Yeah, and most people are not deficient >> Yeah, and most people are not deficient >> Yeah, and most people are not deficient of NAD+, so giving more to the system of NAD+, so giving more to the system of NAD+, so giving more to the system might not help, but for for reasons I might not help, but for for reasons I might not help, but for for reasons I don't really understand, it seems like don't really understand, it seems like don't really understand, it seems like it helps some people and it makes people it helps some people and it makes people it helps some people and it makes people uh feel more energetic. uh feel more energetic. uh feel more energetic. >> Is that in pill form? Like, how do >> Is that in pill form? Like, how do >> Is that in pill form? Like, how do people take NAD+? Cuz I know there was people take NAD+? Cuz I know there was people take NAD+? Cuz I know there was some like drips one time that some guy some like drips one time that some guy some like drips one time that some guy gave me. gave me. gave me. >> Yes, I think there there's >> Yes, I think there there's >> Yes, I think there there's uh oral supplements that are uh uh oral supplements that are uh uh oral supplements that are uh precursors to NAD. If you eat NAD precursors to NAD. If you eat NAD precursors to NAD. If you eat NAD directly, it doesn't the directly, it doesn't the directly, it doesn't the bioavailability, it's called, it doesn't bioavailability, it's called, it doesn't bioavailability, it's called, it doesn't get into, you know, your cells very get into, you know, your cells very get into, you know, your cells very well. You can inject, infuse IV, well. You can inject, infuse IV, well. You can inject, infuse IV, intravenously, uh NAD+ directly, and intravenously, uh NAD+ directly, and intravenously, uh NAD+ directly, and then that gets to your cells better. Um then that gets to your cells better. Um then that gets to your cells better. Um that's not a uh an approved or kind of that's not a uh an approved or kind of that's not a uh an approved or kind of recommended medical intervention, but recommended medical intervention, but recommended medical intervention, but I've seen people with mitochondrial I've seen people with mitochondrial I've seen people with mitochondrial disease, you know, saying that it helps disease, you know, saying that it helps disease, you know, saying that it helps them and uh them and uh them and uh normal healthy people as well who feel normal healthy people as well who feel normal healthy people as well who feel more energy. more energy. more energy. >> What about this urolithin A? >> What about this urolithin A? >> What about this urolithin A? >> Urolithin A is a a new compound that >> Urolithin A is a a new compound that >> Urolithin A is a a new compound that seems to stimulate the degradation of seems to stimulate the degradation of seems to stimulate the degradation of bad mitochondria. bad mitochondria. bad mitochondria. So, we talked about autophagy, mitophagy So, we talked about autophagy, mitophagy So, we talked about autophagy, mitophagy earlier. So, a cell that has a thousand earlier. So, a cell that has a thousand earlier. So, a cell that has a thousand mitochondria, there always some that are mitochondria, there always some that are mitochondria, there always some that are getting a little old and then they getting a little old and then they getting a little old and then they eventually they're degraded, especially eventually they're degraded, especially eventually they're degraded, especially if you fast, right? If the cell is a if you fast, right? If the cell is a if you fast, right? If the cell is a little starved, it's going to degrade little starved, it's going to degrade little starved, it's going to degrade the ones that are least functional. And the ones that are least functional. And the ones that are least functional. And there's a kind of a whole selection there's a kind of a whole selection there's a kind of a whole selection process that happens inside the cell to process that happens inside the cell to process that happens inside the cell to know which mitochondria are bad, which know which mitochondria are bad, which know which mitochondria are bad, which ones are good, but the bad mitochondria ones are good, but the bad mitochondria ones are good, but the bad mitochondria get targeted and then they get degraded get targeted and then they get degraded get targeted and then they get degraded if you're fasting or if you're pushing if you're fasting or if you're pushing if you're fasting or if you're pushing the system like during exercise. the system like during exercise. the system like during exercise. What your urolithin A seems to do is to What your urolithin A seems to do is to What your urolithin A seems to do is to kind of accelerate this process. Right? kind of accelerate this process. Right? kind of accelerate this process. Right? So, it accelerates the degradation of So, it accelerates the degradation of So, it accelerates the degradation of the bad mitochondria, the mitophagy, so the bad mitochondria, the mitophagy, so the bad mitochondria, the mitophagy, so that the cell has to make more of the that the cell has to make more of the that the cell has to make more of the good ones. good ones. good ones. >> I'm looking at some of the studies here >> I'm looking at some of the studies here >> I'm looking at some of the studies here and it says the clinical evidence for and it says the clinical evidence for and it says the clinical evidence for urolithin A has rapidly expanded over urolithin A has rapidly expanded over urolithin A has rapidly expanded over the last few years, transitioning from a the last few years, transitioning from a the last few years, transitioning from a compelling animal data study to highly compelling animal data study to highly compelling animal data study to highly rigorous placebo-controlled human rigorous placebo-controlled human rigorous placebo-controlled human clinical trials and overwhelmingly the clinical trials and overwhelmingly the clinical trials and overwhelmingly the human research confirms that urolithin A human research confirms that urolithin A human research confirms that urolithin A targets mitochondrial dysfunction and targets mitochondrial dysfunction and targets mitochondrial dysfunction and systemic inflammation with one study in systemic inflammation with one study in systemic inflammation with one study in 2022 in the JAMA Network Open study 2022 in the JAMA Network Open study 2022 in the JAMA Network Open study journal journal journal where they took adults aged 65 to 90 and where they took adults aged 65 to 90 and where they took adults aged 65 to 90 and gave one of them placebo one of the gave one of them placebo one of the gave one of them placebo one of the groups placebo and the other urolithin A groups placebo and the other urolithin A groups placebo and the other urolithin A for 4 months and at the end of that they for 4 months and at the end of that they for 4 months and at the end of that they found found found that the group that were given urolithin that the group that were given urolithin that the group that were given urolithin A showed statistically significant A showed statistically significant A showed statistically significant improvements in muscle endurance and a improvements in muscle endurance and a improvements in muscle endurance and a reduction in biomarkers of mitochondrial reduction in biomarkers of mitochondrial reduction in biomarkers of mitochondrial inefficiency. inefficiency. inefficiency. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> I should be on urolithin A then. >> I should be on urolithin A then. >> I should be on urolithin A then. >> Everyone should. Do you take any of >> Everyone should. Do you take any of >> Everyone should. Do you take any of that? that? that? >> I don't. >> I don't. >> I don't. >> You don't take any supplements? >> You don't take any supplements? >> You don't take any supplements? >> I don't. I'm skeptical of this. You >> I don't. I'm skeptical of this. You >> I don't. I'm skeptical of this. You know, there's always kind of a new know, there's always kind of a new know, there's always kind of a new supplement that does amazing things supplement that does amazing things supplement that does amazing things especially if it cures mitochondrial especially if it cures mitochondrial especially if it cures mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria have dozens of dysfunction. Mitochondria have dozens of dysfunction. Mitochondria have dozens of functions. functions. functions. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> And so the term mitochondrial >> And so the term mitochondrial >> And so the term mitochondrial dysfunction is I think a little dysfunction is I think a little dysfunction is I think a little misleading. Like there was a lot of hype misleading. Like there was a lot of hype misleading. Like there was a lot of hype about NAD, there was a lot of hype about about NAD, there was a lot of hype about about NAD, there was a lot of hype about coenzyme Q, CoQ10. There was a lot of coenzyme Q, CoQ10. There was a lot of coenzyme Q, CoQ10. There was a lot of hype about all sorts of things, hype about all sorts of things, hype about all sorts of things, anti-inflammatory, you know, berries and anti-inflammatory, you know, berries and anti-inflammatory, you know, berries and antioxidants was a big thing like 10 20 antioxidants was a big thing like 10 20 antioxidants was a big thing like 10 20 years ago. Turned out not to be so years ago. Turned out not to be so years ago. Turned out not to be so useful. Actually impairs normal useful. Actually impairs normal useful. Actually impairs normal adaptation and signaling if you eat too adaptation and signaling if you eat too adaptation and signaling if you eat too many antioxidants. many antioxidants. many antioxidants. Um so urolithin A feels like the next Um so urolithin A feels like the next Um so urolithin A feels like the next fad. Maybe it's real. I think the fad. Maybe it's real. I think the fad. Maybe it's real. I think the science is fairly compelling but I'm science is fairly compelling but I'm science is fairly compelling but I'm I trust the wisdom of my body and my I trust the wisdom of my body and my I trust the wisdom of my body and my mitochondria more than I trust the the mitochondria more than I trust the the mitochondria more than I trust the the pharma company that's trying to sell pharma company that's trying to sell pharma company that's trying to sell this. this. this. >> And what does that mean in in practical >> And what does that mean in in practical >> And what does that mean in in practical terms trusting the wisdom of your body? terms trusting the wisdom of your body? terms trusting the wisdom of your body? Like what does that mean for you? Like what does that mean for you? Like what does that mean for you? >> Uh-huh. >> Uh-huh. >> Uh-huh. It means It means It means recognizing that I am the the energy recognizing that I am the the energy recognizing that I am the the energy that's flowing through this thing and that's flowing through this thing and that's flowing through this thing and this thing is nature. Like we are a this thing is nature. Like we are a this thing is nature. Like we are a piece of nature. Something that's true piece of nature. Something that's true piece of nature. Something that's true across the animal kingdom and the the across the animal kingdom and the the across the animal kingdom and the the living kingdom is things heal. living kingdom is things heal. living kingdom is things heal. And we don't think about this in And we don't think about this in And we don't think about this in biomedicine. We think about diseases, we biomedicine. We think about diseases, we biomedicine. We think about diseases, we study, you know, when things go wrong study, you know, when things go wrong study, you know, when things go wrong and we try to understand the molecular, and we try to understand the molecular, and we try to understand the molecular, you know, features of diseases. There's you know, features of diseases. There's you know, features of diseases. There's not really a science of the healing not really a science of the healing not really a science of the healing process. But the basis of health, it's process. But the basis of health, it's process. But the basis of health, it's clear, you need to heal continuously. clear, you need to heal continuously. clear, you need to heal continuously. Heal, you know, repair the DNA that's Heal, you know, repair the DNA that's Heal, you know, repair the DNA that's damaged. Repair the mitochondria that damaged. Repair the mitochondria that damaged. Repair the mitochondria that are getting old, you get rid of them, are getting old, you get rid of them, are getting old, you get rid of them, you make new ones. Like preserving the you make new ones. Like preserving the you make new ones. Like preserving the wholeness of the system. To heal means wholeness of the system. To heal means wholeness of the system. To heal means to become whole again. to become whole again. to become whole again. >> Is that contingent on me being in a >> Is that contingent on me being in a >> Is that contingent on me being in a natural environment for my nature to natural environment for my nature to natural environment for my nature to heal? Because if you think about me and heal? Because if you think about me and heal? Because if you think about me and you sat here now, we're sat in a like a you sat here now, we're sat in a like a you sat here now, we're sat in a like a dark bunker basically with no sunlight. dark bunker basically with no sunlight. dark bunker basically with no sunlight. [laughter] [laughter] [laughter] And listen, most of us live in such a And listen, most of us live in such a And listen, most of us live in such a dark bunker with very little sunlight. dark bunker with very little sunlight. dark bunker with very little sunlight. So, we then have to take vitamin D. So, we then have to take vitamin D. So, we then have to take vitamin D. So, because we live outside of our true So, because we live outside of our true So, because we live outside of our true nature, I'm wondering if actually we do nature, I'm wondering if actually we do nature, I'm wondering if actually we do need to take some supplements cuz we're need to take some supplements cuz we're need to take some supplements cuz we're not going to heal. not going to heal. not going to heal. >> We are going to heal. >> We are going to heal. >> We are going to heal. >> Even but if I sit here all day, I'm not >> Even but if I sit here all day, I'm not >> Even but if I sit here all day, I'm not going to get vitamin D and then that's going to get vitamin D and then that's going to get vitamin D and then that's going to cause problems. going to cause problems. going to cause problems. >> Yes. So, we're not in the optimal >> Yes. So, we're not in the optimal >> Yes. So, we're not in the optimal environment. When you're in that kind of environment. When you're in that kind of environment. When you're in that kind of environment, so I think there and and environment, so I think there and and environment, so I think there and and there's good research showing if you put there's good research showing if you put there's good research showing if you put a plant in a hospital a plant in a hospital a plant in a hospital patients recover faster. There's been patients recover faster. There's been patients recover faster. There's been studies studies studies looking at like windows with natural looking at like windows with natural looking at like windows with natural light then you see nature if you're in a light then you see nature if you're in a light then you see nature if you're in a hospital for example, people recover hospital for example, people recover hospital for example, people recover better. And there is good data on like better. And there is good data on like better. And there is good data on like nature exposure. Is it like nature exposure. Is it like nature exposure. Is it like the more better oxygen, you know, a the more better oxygen, you know, a the more better oxygen, you know, a little tiny bit more oxygen if you're in little tiny bit more oxygen if you're in little tiny bit more oxygen if you're in a forest, is it like the phytochemicals, a forest, is it like the phytochemicals, a forest, is it like the phytochemicals, the things that are produced by the by the things that are produced by the by the things that are produced by the by the plants? Like we don't really know the plants? Like we don't really know the plants? Like we don't really know what it is. Is it just seeing green, what it is. Is it just seeing green, what it is. Is it just seeing green, seeing something that hears that sounds seeing something that hears that sounds seeing something that hears that sounds and looks like what you evolved to be and looks like what you evolved to be and looks like what you evolved to be around? So, we don't really know, but we around? So, we don't really know, but we around? So, we don't really know, but we know exposure to nature kind of helps know exposure to nature kind of helps know exposure to nature kind of helps calm the body and somehow improve calm the body and somehow improve calm the body and somehow improve recovery. >> Whoa. >> Whoa. >> Whoa, it's on your face. >> Whoa, it's on your face. >> Whoa, it's on your face. >> This is a my bun charge face mask. I've >> This is a my bun charge face mask. I've >> This is a my bun charge face mask. I've been wearing this for some time now. been wearing this for some time now. been wearing this for some time now. They are a sponsor of the podcast. I put They are a sponsor of the podcast. I put They are a sponsor of the podcast. I put this on for 15, 20 minutes a day. I can this on for 15, 20 minutes a day. I can this on for 15, 20 minutes a day. I can sit here in the chair and wear it. Boost sit here in the chair and wear it. Boost sit here in the chair and wear it. Boost my collagen production, helps with fine my collagen production, helps with fine my collagen production, helps with fine lines, blemishes, my complexion gets lines, blemishes, my complexion gets lines, blemishes, my complexion gets better. And then people more people better. And then people more people better. And then people more people listen to podcast cuz I look better. listen to podcast cuz I look better. listen to podcast cuz I look better. >> Professional-grade equipment in such a >> Professional-grade equipment in such a >> Professional-grade equipment in such a small box. It's non-invasive. And having small box. It's non-invasive. And having small box. It's non-invasive. And having sat here with so many of the world's sat here with so many of the world's sat here with so many of the world's leading health professionals, there's leading health professionals, there's leading health professionals, there's various things that I repeatedly hear various things that I repeatedly hear various things that I repeatedly hear work and some things I'm a bit skeptical work and some things I'm a bit skeptical work and some things I'm a bit skeptical about. This is one of the things that about. This is one of the things that about. This is one of the things that almost all of my guests on this show almost all of my guests on this show almost all of my guests on this show have confirmed works. It is really, have confirmed works. It is really, have confirmed works. It is really, really, really effective. And they offer really, really effective. And they offer really, really effective. And they offer fast, free shipping worldwide with easy fast, free shipping worldwide with easy fast, free shipping worldwide with easy returns and exchanges. And you'll also returns and exchanges. And you'll also returns and exchanges. And you'll also get a 1-year warranty on all of their get a 1-year warranty on all of their get a 1-year warranty on all of their products. And they're HSA- and products. And they're HSA- and products. And they're HSA- and FSA-eligible, giving you tax-free FSA-eligible, giving you tax-free FSA-eligible, giving you tax-free savings up to 40%. And you can get 20% savings up to 40%. And you can get 20% savings up to 40%. And you can get 20% off when you order through my link at off when you order through my link at off when you order through my link at boncharge.com/doac. boncharge.com/doac. boncharge.com/doac. That's boncharge.com/doac. The deal applies site-wide. The deal applies site-wide. One type of help people also wanted to One type of help people also wanted to One type of help people also wanted to know about from you, which was even more know about from you, which was even more know about from you, which was even more discussed, was about red light therapy. discussed, was about red light therapy. discussed, was about red light therapy. Red light therapy as a support for your Red light therapy as a support for your Red light therapy as a support for your mitochondria. mitochondria. mitochondria. >> Interestingly, the red light therapy is >> Interestingly, the red light therapy is >> Interestingly, the red light therapy is a pretty big thing now. There are a pretty big thing now. There are a pretty big thing now. There are hundreds of different devices, helmets, hundreds of different devices, helmets, hundreds of different devices, helmets, a hairbrush. a hairbrush. a hairbrush. A band. A band. A band. >> actually. I think this is This This is a >> actually. I think this is This This is a >> actually. I think this is This This is a red light red light red light >> therapy hairbrush. >> therapy hairbrush. >> therapy hairbrush. >> Therapy hairbrush. >> Therapy hairbrush. >> Therapy hairbrush. >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. Uh so, someone was just telling me their Uh so, someone was just telling me their Uh so, someone was just telling me their dad is part of a study now. He puts a dad is part of a study now. He puts a dad is part of a study now. He puts a helmet with red light, you know, every helmet with red light, you know, every helmet with red light, you know, every day because he has a pre-dementia. By day because he has a pre-dementia. By day because he has a pre-dementia. By doing this, the idea is doing this, the idea is doing this, the idea is uh light is energy. uh light is energy. uh light is energy. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Right? Energy is not a thing, but it's >> Right? Energy is not a thing, but it's >> Right? Energy is not a thing, but it's the potential for change. It's the the potential for change. It's the the potential for change. It's the capacity to change something. Red light capacity to change something. Red light capacity to change something. Red light like this, especially the red, the like this, especially the red, the like this, especially the red, the infrared that you don't see with your infrared that you don't see with your infrared that you don't see with your eye, can penetrate tissue. It can go eye, can penetrate tissue. It can go eye, can penetrate tissue. It can go through your hair, through your skull, through your hair, through your skull, through your hair, through your skull, and then into your brain. And then and then into your brain. And then and then into your brain. And then there, it seems to do something and there, it seems to do something and there, it seems to do something and change metabolism. So, how is it doing change metabolism. So, how is it doing change metabolism. So, how is it doing this? The best hypothesis we have is this? The best hypothesis we have is this? The best hypothesis we have is that for light to do something in that for light to do something in that for light to do something in biology, there needs to be something in biology, there needs to be something in biology, there needs to be something in biology that resonates with it, right? biology that resonates with it, right? biology that resonates with it, right? That can That can That can offer the right amount of resistance, offer the right amount of resistance, offer the right amount of resistance, right? Do the photons of red light right? Do the photons of red light right? Do the photons of red light photons hit and then there's photons hit and then there's photons hit and then there's transformation of energy. That receptor, transformation of energy. That receptor, transformation of energy. That receptor, the antenna, the cellular antenna for the antenna, the cellular antenna for the antenna, the cellular antenna for red light seems to be mitochondria. So, red light seems to be mitochondria. So, red light seems to be mitochondria. So, there's something in the mitochondria there's something in the mitochondria there's something in the mitochondria where the electrons flow and then boom, where the electrons flow and then boom, where the electrons flow and then boom, they meet with oxygen to become they meet with oxygen to become they meet with oxygen to become metabolic water. metabolic water. metabolic water. Uh that is called cytochrome c oxidase. Uh that is called cytochrome c oxidase. Uh that is called cytochrome c oxidase. >> I'm going to try and say this in >> I'm going to try and say this in >> I'm going to try and say this in layman's terms. If I take red light and layman's terms. If I take red light and layman's terms. If I take red light and I put it on my skin, it doesn't even I put it on my skin, it doesn't even I put it on my skin, it doesn't even need to touch my skin. I can put it just need to touch my skin. I can put it just need to touch my skin. I can put it just close to my skin. close to my skin. close to my skin. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> The red light is going into the >> The red light is going into the >> The red light is going into the mitochondria of my cell and it's helping mitochondria of my cell and it's helping mitochondria of my cell and it's helping the mitochondria to become more the mitochondria to become more the mitochondria to become more efficient. efficient. efficient. >> That's the idea. >> That's the idea. >> That's the idea. >> So, I should wake up every day and do >> So, I should wake up every day and do >> So, I should wake up every day and do bloody red light then? bloody red light then? bloody red light then? >> If you're deficient in that in that way, >> If you're deficient in that in that way, >> If you're deficient in that in that way, that might be good. Uh that might also that might be good. Uh that might also that might be good. Uh that might also offset, you know, the the natural order offset, you know, the the natural order offset, you know, the the natural order that your body has has created. that your body has has created. that your body has has created. >> Oh, what do you mean by that? You think >> Oh, what do you mean by that? You think >> Oh, what do you mean by that? You think it might be it might be it might be >> I think that in in general, that's why I >> I think that in in general, that's why I >> I think that in in general, that's why I kind of veer away from supplements kind of veer away from supplements kind of veer away from supplements because the organism is a beautiful because the organism is a beautiful because the organism is a beautiful dynamic equilibrium of like everything, dynamic equilibrium of like everything, dynamic equilibrium of like everything, you know, energetically dancing with you know, energetically dancing with you know, energetically dancing with each other where you have the each other where you have the each other where you have the mitochondria to transform energy and mitochondria to transform energy and mitochondria to transform energy and then, you know, genes are expressed and then, you know, genes are expressed and then, you know, genes are expressed and then this other cell is doing this, this then this other cell is doing this, this then this other cell is doing this, this cell is doing this and there's this cell is doing this and there's this cell is doing this and there's this beautiful balance. And uh when the beautiful balance. And uh when the beautiful balance. And uh when the system is out of balance, now there's system is out of balance, now there's system is out of balance, now there's signals, like inflammation, right? signals, like inflammation, right? signals, like inflammation, right? Signals of this imbalance Signals of this imbalance Signals of this imbalance uh at an energetic level and then that uh at an energetic level and then that uh at an energetic level and then that turns into molecular level and then the turns into molecular level and then the turns into molecular level and then the system tries to come back into balance, system tries to come back into balance, system tries to come back into balance, right? And right? And right? And >> Wow. >> Wow. >> Wow. I never realized this I never realized this I never realized this that too much red light can be bad for that too much red light can be bad for that too much red light can be bad for you. you. you. >> I don't know if there's studies that >> I don't know if there's studies that >> I don't know if there's studies that show too much red light is bad for you, show too much red light is bad for you, show too much red light is bad for you, but there's like phototoxicity is a but there's like phototoxicity is a but there's like phototoxicity is a thing and there you can buy a whole bed thing and there you can buy a whole bed thing and there you can buy a whole bed of like really intense light. And I of like really intense light. And I of like really intense light. And I think if you stay too long in those, think if you stay too long in those, think if you stay too long in those, that's probably not good. There's a a that's probably not good. There's a a that's probably not good. There's a a very compelling study that was published very compelling study that was published very compelling study that was published last year last year last year uh on uh on uh on blood glucose regulation. blood glucose regulation. blood glucose regulation. And I know you've talked about blood And I know you've talked about blood And I know you've talked about blood glucose on other episodes. glucose on other episodes. glucose on other episodes. How much glucose in the blood is really How much glucose in the blood is really How much glucose in the blood is really important because it causes this like important because it causes this like important because it causes this like energy resistance, energy friction in energy resistance, energy friction in energy resistance, energy friction in all of your cells, especially the brain all of your cells, especially the brain all of your cells, especially the brain perhaps. So, when you eat a bunch of perhaps. So, when you eat a bunch of perhaps. So, when you eat a bunch of sugar or you eat a meal with sugar or you eat a meal with sugar or you eat a meal with carbohydrates, blood glucose typically carbohydrates, blood glucose typically carbohydrates, blood glucose typically spikes. If you get stressed out, just spikes. If you get stressed out, just spikes. If you get stressed out, just psychological stress will increase blood psychological stress will increase blood psychological stress will increase blood glucose. So, those glucose spikes can glucose. So, those glucose spikes can glucose. So, those glucose spikes can increase energy resistance and then increase energy resistance and then increase energy resistance and then start to cause damage, accelerate aging, start to cause damage, accelerate aging, start to cause damage, accelerate aging, and so on. So, the what the body does in and so on. So, the what the body does in and so on. So, the what the body does in the normal healthy organism is able to the normal healthy organism is able to the normal healthy organism is able to regulate blood glucose. So, if you eat a regulate blood glucose. So, if you eat a regulate blood glucose. So, if you eat a big meal, there's amount of enough big meal, there's amount of enough big meal, there's amount of enough insulin that's released and then the insulin that's released and then the insulin that's released and then the glucose can come into cells into the glucose can come into cells into the glucose can come into cells into the muscles and into the fat and and then muscles and into the fat and and then muscles and into the fat and and then you preserve, you know, what's called you preserve, you know, what's called you preserve, you know, what's called normal glycemia, normal blood glucose. normal glycemia, normal blood glucose. normal glycemia, normal blood glucose. It turns out if you shine a red light on It turns out if you shine a red light on It turns out if you shine a red light on the back of people as they ingest a big the back of people as they ingest a big the back of people as they ingest a big bunch of glucose, bunch of glucose, bunch of glucose, the spike in glucose is not as high. the spike in glucose is not as high. the spike in glucose is not as high. And what they did in that study that was And what they did in that study that was And what they did in that study that was interesting is they measured interesting is they measured interesting is they measured mitochondrial metabolism through the mitochondrial metabolism through the mitochondrial metabolism through the mouth. You can measure oxygen coming in mouth. You can measure oxygen coming in mouth. You can measure oxygen coming in and CO2 coming out, which is coming from and CO2 coming out, which is coming from and CO2 coming out, which is coming from mitochondria. So, you can measure the mitochondria. So, you can measure the mitochondria. So, you can measure the the the energy metabolism, which is the the energy metabolism, which is the the energy metabolism, which is really the mitochondrial metabolism, as really the mitochondrial metabolism, as really the mitochondrial metabolism, as people are doing this. And what they people are doing this. And what they people are doing this. And what they found is that people who had red light found is that people who had red light found is that people who had red light on their back, their metabolism was on their back, their metabolism was on their back, their metabolism was actually actually actually uh a little higher. So, the electrons, uh a little higher. So, the electrons, uh a little higher. So, the electrons, the flow of energy was increased with the flow of energy was increased with the flow of energy was increased with the red light. And and they think that the red light. And and they think that the red light. And and they think that might be why the glucose didn't spike as might be why the glucose didn't spike as might be why the glucose didn't spike as much because the electrons that came much because the electrons that came much because the electrons that came into the blood were able to flow through into the blood were able to flow through into the blood were able to flow through the mitochondria. the mitochondria. the mitochondria. Um so, this points to some regulation of Um so, this points to some regulation of Um so, this points to some regulation of energy regulation in inside the energy regulation in inside the energy regulation in inside the mitochondria that I don't fully mitochondria that I don't fully mitochondria that I don't fully understand, but I think there there's understand, but I think there there's understand, but I think there there's something promising here. And it something promising here. And it something promising here. And it certainly supports, certainly supports, certainly supports, you know, the idea that energy you know, the idea that energy you know, the idea that energy modalities outside of ourselves, uh you modalities outside of ourselves, uh you modalities outside of ourselves, uh you know, light or electromagnetic fields, know, light or electromagnetic fields, know, light or electromagnetic fields, other human beings that are, you know, other human beings that are, you know, other human beings that are, you know, you energy energetic processes affecting you energy energetic processes affecting you energy energetic processes affecting my metabolism all the time. my metabolism all the time. my metabolism all the time. We respond to each other We respond to each other We respond to each other energetically, metabolically. Uh I think energetically, metabolically. Uh I think energetically, metabolically. Uh I think it it supports that idea. You're an it it supports that idea. You're an it it supports that idea. You're an energetic process and you're influenced energetic process and you're influenced energetic process and you're influenced by other forms of energy even if you by other forms of energy even if you by other forms of energy even if you don't see it. don't see it. don't see it. >> I'm really um stunned by this idea that >> I'm really um stunned by this idea that >> I'm really um stunned by this idea that there is such thing as getting too much there is such thing as getting too much there is such thing as getting too much red light and that that can have harm red light and that that can have harm red light and that that can have harm for yourselves because there is I'll be for yourselves because there is I'll be for yourselves because there is I'll be honest, you know, there's been a couple honest, you know, there's been a couple honest, you know, there's been a couple of times where I just put that thing on of times where I just put that thing on of times where I just put that thing on and maybe like read a book for a long and maybe like read a book for a long and maybe like read a book for a long time. Like an hour or two. time. Like an hour or two. time. Like an hour or two. >> Did you ever feel adverse effects from >> Did you ever feel adverse effects from >> Did you ever feel adverse effects from this? this? this? >> I never felt a adverse >> I never felt a adverse >> I never felt a adverse effects. However, looking at some of the effects. However, looking at some of the effects. However, looking at some of the studies, it seems to it suggests that studies, it seems to it suggests that studies, it seems to it suggests that red light therapy follows a bell curve red light therapy follows a bell curve red light therapy follows a bell curve model. model. model. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> They found in this one particular study >> They found in this one particular study >> They found in this one particular study I was reading about in 2009 that low to I was reading about in 2009 that low to I was reading about in 2009 that low to moderate doses of light perfectly moderate doses of light perfectly moderate doses of light perfectly stimulate the mitochondria to produce stimulate the mitochondria to produce stimulate the mitochondria to produce ATP and a healthy small burst of ROS, ATP and a healthy small burst of ROS, ATP and a healthy small burst of ROS, reactive oxygen species to trigger reactive oxygen species to trigger reactive oxygen species to trigger cellular repair. However, this cellular repair. However, this cellular repair. However, this particular study also showed that when particular study also showed that when particular study also showed that when the dose is pushed too high, the light the dose is pushed too high, the light the dose is pushed too high, the light creates massive amounts of reactive creates massive amounts of reactive creates massive amounts of reactive oxidative species and this excess oxidative species and this excess oxidative species and this excess oxidative stress overwhelms the cells oxidative stress overwhelms the cells oxidative stress overwhelms the cells antioxidant defenses completely shutting antioxidant defenses completely shutting antioxidant defenses completely shutting down mitochondrial respiration and in down mitochondrial respiration and in down mitochondrial respiration and in inducing cellular apoptosis, cell death, inducing cellular apoptosis, cell death, inducing cellular apoptosis, cell death, instead of healing. instead of healing. instead of healing. >> Mhm. Yeah. >> Mhm. Yeah. >> Mhm. Yeah. That this bell-shaped relationship is That this bell-shaped relationship is That this bell-shaped relationship is something we see something we see something we see in many domains of biology and in many domains of biology and in many domains of biology and physiology. Same as like physiology. Same as like physiology. Same as like work out, exercising. Like work out, exercising. Like work out, exercising. Like most people know if you do a work out most people know if you do a work out most people know if you do a work out that's like half an hour, an hour, two that's like half an hour, an hour, two that's like half an hour, an hour, two hours, if you're an athlete and you're hours, if you're an athlete and you're hours, if you're an athlete and you're like really well conditioned, it's fine. like really well conditioned, it's fine. like really well conditioned, it's fine. And then you recover for you know, 23 And then you recover for you know, 23 And then you recover for you know, 23 hours after your 1-hour work out and hours after your 1-hour work out and hours after your 1-hour work out and that's great. It actually makes you more that's great. It actually makes you more that's great. It actually makes you more efficient. It gives you the idea the efficient. It gives you the idea the efficient. It gives you the idea the impression you have more energy which is impression you have more energy which is impression you have more energy which is really energy flowing more efficiently. really energy flowing more efficiently. really energy flowing more efficiently. But if you work out for eight hours But if you work out for eight hours But if you work out for eight hours >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> that's not good, right? So the too much >> that's not good, right? So the too much >> that's not good, right? So the too much you you crash, not enough you're not at you you crash, not enough you're not at you you crash, not enough you're not at your optimal. So there's where is the your optimal. So there's where is the your optimal. So there's where is the optimal state and biology and the whole optimal state and biology and the whole optimal state and biology and the whole mind-body unit has kind of worked out mind-body unit has kind of worked out mind-body unit has kind of worked out through evolution and through your life through evolution and through your life through evolution and through your life and development to find this sweet spot. and development to find this sweet spot. and development to find this sweet spot. >> If you know how to listen to it. >> If you know how to listen to it. >> If you know how to listen to it. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> And that's that's easier said than done. >> And that's that's easier said than done. >> And that's that's easier said than done. >> Yes. If you can live in alignment and >> Yes. If you can live in alignment and >> Yes. If you can live in alignment and that that that >> There's a lot of noise out there. >> There's a lot of noise out there. >> There's a lot of noise out there. >> There is. You know, for the same reason >> There is. You know, for the same reason >> There is. You know, for the same reason you close your eyes earlier when I asked you close your eyes earlier when I asked you close your eyes earlier when I asked you to kind of feel inside. This is a you to kind of feel inside. This is a you to kind of feel inside. This is a good analogy for I think good analogy for I think good analogy for I think what it means to kind of listen to our what it means to kind of listen to our what it means to kind of listen to our energy. energy. energy. And maybe we could do a little exercise And maybe we could do a little exercise And maybe we could do a little exercise if you're interested. if you're interested. if you're interested. >> Sure. >> Sure. >> Sure. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. So, we'll do a a little exercise. Uh you So, we'll do a a little exercise. Uh you So, we'll do a a little exercise. Uh you can close your eyes if you want. can close your eyes if you want. can close your eyes if you want. >> Everyone at home also, close your eyes >> Everyone at home also, close your eyes >> Everyone at home also, close your eyes unless you are driving. unless you are driving. unless you are driving. >> Yeah. And we'll use the breath. >> Yeah. And we'll use the breath. >> Yeah. And we'll use the breath. So, you can start by So, you can start by So, you can start by just feeling your body. You can feel just feeling your body. You can feel just feeling your body. You can feel kind of gravity pulling your body down kind of gravity pulling your body down kind of gravity pulling your body down into the chair. And then we'll take a little breath in. And then we'll take a little breath in. And then breath out. And then all the And then breath out. And then all the And then breath out. And then all the way down. way down. way down. And then hold your breath. And then hold your breath. And then hold your breath. With empty lungs. And then hold there. And then hold there. For as long as you can. And just pay attention to the sensations And just pay attention to the sensations that are emerging in your body. Whether it's in your belly, in your Whether it's in your belly, in your chest, in your neck, in your head. And the longer you wait, the more And the longer you wait, the more intense those sensations are. You can hold for as long as you want and You can hold for as long as you want and when you can't, then just take a deep when you can't, then just take a deep when you can't, then just take a deep breath. breath. breath. Deep breath. Deep breath. Deep breath. What does that feel like? What does that feel like? What does that feel like? >> [sighs] >> [sighs] >> [sighs] >> I felt I felt lots of vibrations. >> I felt I felt lots of vibrations. >> I felt I felt lots of vibrations. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> It's kind of like waves. I felt like >> It's kind of like waves. I felt like >> It's kind of like waves. I felt like kind of like waves kind of like waves kind of like waves going across my body, but I it was going across my body, but I it was going across my body, but I it was almost like I could feel the energy almost like I could feel the energy almost like I could feel the energy moving through my body. moving through my body. moving through my body. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> It's kind of how it felt. >> It's kind of how it felt. >> It's kind of how it felt. I suddenly was very apparent clear of my I suddenly was very apparent clear of my I suddenly was very apparent clear of my heartbeat. I could feel everything. heartbeat. I could feel everything. heartbeat. I could feel everything. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> In a way that I can't typically feel >> In a way that I can't typically feel >> In a way that I can't typically feel everything. everything. everything. >> Yeah. Any >> Yeah. Any >> Yeah. Any kind of negative feeling or any kind of negative feeling or any kind of negative feeling or any sensation that was uncomfortable? sensation that was uncomfortable? sensation that was uncomfortable? >> I mean, it near the end when I couldn't >> I mean, it near the end when I couldn't >> I mean, it near the end when I couldn't when I hadn't breathed in a while it was when I hadn't breathed in a while it was when I hadn't breathed in a while it was a bit uncomfortable. a bit uncomfortable. a bit uncomfortable. >> Yeah, what did that feel like? >> Yeah, what did that feel like? >> Yeah, what did that feel like? >> Like like I was starving for oxygen, >> Like like I was starving for oxygen, >> Like like I was starving for oxygen, like I was starving for air. like I was starving for air. like I was starving for air. >> Yeah. You know, running out of air and >> Yeah. You know, running out of air and >> Yeah. You know, running out of air and like drowning is one of the most like drowning is one of the most like drowning is one of the most horrible like aversive experience that I horrible like aversive experience that I horrible like aversive experience that I think we evolved to dislike. Right, so think we evolved to dislike. Right, so think we evolved to dislike. Right, so what what was happening there in our what what was happening there in our what what was happening there in our bodies as we were doing this is bodies as we were doing this is bodies as we were doing this is oxygen is being consumed by mitochondria oxygen is being consumed by mitochondria oxygen is being consumed by mitochondria continuously. Right? Every millisecond continuously. Right? Every millisecond continuously. Right? Every millisecond mitochondria consume oxygen and now mitochondria consume oxygen and now mitochondria consume oxygen and now you're not bringing oxygen through your you're not bringing oxygen through your you're not bringing oxygen through your breath. And then they produce CO2, breath. And then they produce CO2, breath. And then they produce CO2, carbon dioxide, right? So, mitochondria carbon dioxide, right? So, mitochondria carbon dioxide, right? So, mitochondria are burning the oxygen little bit by are burning the oxygen little bit by are burning the oxygen little bit by little bit and then they're producing little bit and then they're producing little bit and then they're producing carbon dioxide, CO2, and we evolved to carbon dioxide, CO2, and we evolved to carbon dioxide, CO2, and we evolved to feel those signals very very feel those signals very very feel those signals very very sensitively. sensitively. sensitively. >> That's the pressure that I felt. >> That's the pressure that I felt. >> That's the pressure that I felt. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Not good. >> Not good. >> Not good. >> think that yes. So, the subjective >> think that yes. So, the subjective >> think that yes. So, the subjective experience, right? What we described experience, right? What we described experience, right? What we described there is an experience of energy there is an experience of energy there is an experience of energy starting to stall cuz if there's no starting to stall cuz if there's no starting to stall cuz if there's no oxygen in your mitochondria, the oxygen in your mitochondria, the oxygen in your mitochondria, the electrons are like, "Where do I go?" And electrons are like, "Where do I go?" And electrons are like, "Where do I go?" And then there's like extreme level of then there's like extreme level of then there's like extreme level of resistance. resistance. resistance. Like [clears throat] the most extreme Like [clears throat] the most extreme Like [clears throat] the most extreme case of energy resistance I think that case of energy resistance I think that case of energy resistance I think that most people will be familiar with is most people will be familiar with is most people will be familiar with is like a heart attack. like a heart attack. like a heart attack. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> [clears throat] >> [clears throat] >> [clears throat] >> My dad had a heart attack >> My dad had a heart attack >> My dad had a heart attack a few years ago and he woke up during a few years ago and he woke up during a few years ago and he woke up during the night with this terrible contraction the night with this terrible contraction the night with this terrible contraction like a pressure in in the chest and he like a pressure in in the chest and he like a pressure in in the chest and he said it was like 400 lb like pressure on said it was like 400 lb like pressure on said it was like 400 lb like pressure on his chest, terrible pain, worst pain his chest, terrible pain, worst pain his chest, terrible pain, worst pain he's ever had. he's ever had. he's ever had. What what's happening? Like where where What what's happening? Like where where What what's happening? Like where where what is that pain? The source of that what is that pain? The source of that what is that pain? The source of that pain really is blood flow can no longer pain really is blood flow can no longer pain really is blood flow can no longer bring oxygen to mitochondria in the bring oxygen to mitochondria in the bring oxygen to mitochondria in the heart. heart. heart. >> Oh, so the mitochondria are like >> Oh, so the mitochondria are like >> Oh, so the mitochondria are like panicking. panicking. panicking. >> Yeah. So, panicking is kind of a We're >> Yeah. So, panicking is kind of a We're >> Yeah. So, panicking is kind of a We're imposing now an experience onto a imposing now an experience onto a imposing now an experience onto a biological process, but you have the biological process, but you have the biological process, but you have the electrons that are flowing through electrons that are flowing through electrons that are flowing through mitochondria all the time. They're mitochondria all the time. They're mitochondria all the time. They're flowing on oxy onto oxygen, right? From flowing on oxy onto oxygen, right? From flowing on oxy onto oxygen, right? From food to oxygen and they're just nice food to oxygen and they're just nice food to oxygen and they're just nice freely floating. That feels great. It or freely floating. That feels great. It or freely floating. That feels great. It or it feels like you know, just normal it feels like you know, just normal it feels like you know, just normal life. And then all of a sudden there's life. And then all of a sudden there's life. And then all of a sudden there's no more oxygen. So the electron, I have no more oxygen. So the electron, I have no more oxygen. So the electron, I have nowhere to go. That feels terrible. The nowhere to go. That feels terrible. The nowhere to go. That feels terrible. The electrons can't flow so they start to electrons can't flow so they start to electrons can't flow so they start to back flow. That is what causes oxidative back flow. That is what causes oxidative back flow. That is what causes oxidative stress. stress. stress. That's why the heart gets damaged during That's why the heart gets damaged during That's why the heart gets damaged during a heart attack. a heart attack. a heart attack. Right? Cuz the electrons can't flow to Right? Cuz the electrons can't flow to Right? Cuz the electrons can't flow to oxygen because of this little clot. oxygen because of this little clot. oxygen because of this little clot. And for some reason that we don't really And for some reason that we don't really And for some reason that we don't really understand understand understand this feels extremely aversive. So what this feels extremely aversive. So what this feels extremely aversive. So what you experienced there by holding your you experienced there by holding your you experienced there by holding your breath, and anyone who's listening to breath, and anyone who's listening to breath, and anyone who's listening to this can try on their own, hold your this can try on their own, hold your this can try on their own, hold your breath for as long as possible. It feels breath for as long as possible. It feels breath for as long as possible. It feels horrible. And now imagine living your horrible. And now imagine living your horrible. And now imagine living your life with just like 5% 10% life with just like 5% 10% life with just like 5% 10% of this horrible feeling. Like you wake of this horrible feeling. Like you wake of this horrible feeling. Like you wake up in the morning and you have this like up in the morning and you have this like up in the morning and you have this like trace of like running out of energy, trace of like running out of energy, trace of like running out of energy, right? Running out of oxygen. Uh I think right? Running out of oxygen. Uh I think right? Running out of oxygen. Uh I think that's what some mental illnesses feel that's what some mental illnesses feel that's what some mental illnesses feel like. like. like. And there's very interesting data And there's very interesting data And there's very interesting data showing that if you inject people with a showing that if you inject people with a showing that if you inject people with a signal of energetic stress, lactate, you signal of energetic stress, lactate, you signal of energetic stress, lactate, you can trigger a panic attack. can trigger a panic attack. can trigger a panic attack. You're not messing with the brain there. You're not messing with the brain there. You're not messing with the brain there. You're not like, you know, You're not like, you know, You're not like, you know, kind of doing something to the to kind of doing something to the to kind of doing something to the to neurochemistry. What you're doing is neurochemistry. What you're doing is neurochemistry. What you're doing is you're injecting the human body with a you're injecting the human body with a you're injecting the human body with a signal that the mitochondria can't keep signal that the mitochondria can't keep signal that the mitochondria can't keep up with energy flow. You're tricking the up with energy flow. You're tricking the up with energy flow. You're tricking the body into thinking that energy body into thinking that energy body into thinking that energy resistance has just been jacked up to resistance has just been jacked up to resistance has just been jacked up to very high levels. This feels like very high levels. This feels like very high levels. This feels like anxiety. And people with traumatic anxiety. And people with traumatic anxiety. And people with traumatic memories, like post-traumatic stress memories, like post-traumatic stress memories, like post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD, disorder, PTSD, disorder, PTSD, the simple injection of an energetic the simple injection of an energetic the simple injection of an energetic stress signal of lactate in the blood stress signal of lactate in the blood stress signal of lactate in the blood can reawaken traumatic memories. So can reawaken traumatic memories. So can reawaken traumatic memories. So there's this emerging notion in there's this emerging notion in there's this emerging notion in psychiatry called in metabolic psychiatry called in metabolic psychiatry called in metabolic psychiatry, psychiatry, psychiatry, where people understand mental illnesses where people understand mental illnesses where people understand mental illnesses as energetic disorders of the brain. And as energetic disorders of the brain. And as energetic disorders of the brain. And what I think is is happening in those what I think is is happening in those what I think is is happening in those kind of chronic state of of ill being, kind of chronic state of of ill being, kind of chronic state of of ill being, right? Where people don't feel right? Where people don't feel right? Where people don't feel themselves. They don't feel well. They, themselves. They don't feel well. They, themselves. They don't feel well. They, you know, the hypervigilance, the you know, the hypervigilance, the you know, the hypervigilance, the anxiety. It's quite likely at this point anxiety. It's quite likely at this point anxiety. It's quite likely at this point I think that part of that is driven by I think that part of that is driven by I think that part of that is driven by energy not flowing properly. And then energy not flowing properly. And then energy not flowing properly. And then the body just lives in high energy the body just lives in high energy the body just lives in high energy resistance all the time. And there's resistance all the time. And there's resistance all the time. And there's data directly measuring energy data directly measuring energy data directly measuring energy resistance in the brain from a group of resistance in the brain from a group of resistance in the brain from a group of McLean and and Harvard. McLean and and Harvard. McLean and and Harvard. And then lactate tends to be elevated in And then lactate tends to be elevated in And then lactate tends to be elevated in people with mental illness. And this people with mental illness. And this people with mental illness. And this marker GDF15 also is elevated in mental marker GDF15 also is elevated in mental marker GDF15 also is elevated in mental illness. illness. illness. >> And so the cure again or the the thing >> And so the cure again or the the thing >> And so the cure again or the the thing to ease that is all the lifestyle to ease that is all the lifestyle to ease that is all the lifestyle factors that we talked about. Purpose factors that we talked about. Purpose factors that we talked about. Purpose and and and so we've covered that ground. so we've covered that ground. so we've covered that ground. >> Yeah, >> Yeah, >> Yeah, life changes, you know, changing your life changes, you know, changing your life changes, you know, changing your life circumstances that's really hard to life circumstances that's really hard to life circumstances that's really hard to do. Uh exercising seems to help a lot of do. Uh exercising seems to help a lot of do. Uh exercising seems to help a lot of people but a lot of people don't feel people but a lot of people don't feel people but a lot of people don't feel they have the capacity to exercise. they have the capacity to exercise. they have the capacity to exercise. Uh and ketones seem to be Uh and ketones seem to be Uh and ketones seem to be uh life-saving for some people. Going on uh life-saving for some people. Going on uh life-saving for some people. Going on a ketogenic diet and I've met now dozens a ketogenic diet and I've met now dozens a ketogenic diet and I've met now dozens of individuals whose lives were crushed of individuals whose lives were crushed of individuals whose lives were crushed by you know, schizoaffective disorder, by you know, schizoaffective disorder, by you know, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive bipolar disorder, major depressive bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder. And they were treatment disorder. And they were treatment disorder. And they were treatment resistant, right? Meaning like the resistant, right? Meaning like the resistant, right? Meaning like the pharmacotherapy, the drugs that they pharmacotherapy, the drugs that they pharmacotherapy, the drugs that they were given were not helping, in some were given were not helping, in some were given were not helping, in some cases were making things worse. cases were making things worse. cases were making things worse. Uh with difficult side effects and then Uh with difficult side effects and then Uh with difficult side effects and then they change their diet. they change their diet. they change their diet. Cutting all sugars and they went on a Cutting all sugars and they went on a Cutting all sugars and they went on a ketogenic diet, medical ketogenic ketogenic diet, medical ketogenic ketogenic diet, medical ketogenic therapy. therapy. therapy. Uh and then they started to monitor Uh and then they started to monitor Uh and then they started to monitor ketones. And many people reported, you ketones. And many people reported, you ketones. And many people reported, you know, that this was life-changing. Like know, that this was life-changing. Like know, that this was life-changing. Like first the first thing they many people first the first thing they many people first the first thing they many people notice is they have more energy. The notice is they have more energy. The notice is they have more energy. The ketogenic diet does not work for ketogenic diet does not work for ketogenic diet does not work for everyone. everyone. everyone. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> We [clears throat] don't know why. >> We [clears throat] don't know why. >> We [clears throat] don't know why. And And And the same way that we're all different, the same way that we're all different, the same way that we're all different, we all respond differently to even we all respond differently to even we all respond differently to even medications, right? They're supposed to medications, right? They're supposed to medications, right? They're supposed to work the same for everyone. We have a work the same for everyone. We have a work the same for everyone. We have a science of averages. science of averages. science of averages. Like the science that we use to get Like the science that we use to get Like the science that we use to get knowledge to inform our lives is knowledge to inform our lives is knowledge to inform our lives is almost entirely a science of averages. almost entirely a science of averages. almost entirely a science of averages. Meaning like all of the studies we do, Meaning like all of the studies we do, Meaning like all of the studies we do, like the the highest gold standard like the the highest gold standard like the the highest gold standard studies we consider to be RCTs, studies we consider to be RCTs, studies we consider to be RCTs, randomized controlled trials. These randomized controlled trials. These randomized controlled trials. These RCTs, if you run an RCT, what you do is RCTs, if you run an RCT, what you do is RCTs, if you run an RCT, what you do is you take let's say a thousand people, you take let's say a thousand people, you take let's say a thousand people, then you randomize half 500 into this then you randomize half 500 into this then you randomize half 500 into this group, normal diet, and then 500 into group, normal diet, and then 500 into group, normal diet, and then 500 into ketogenic diet. And then you say, ketogenic diet. And then you say, ketogenic diet. And then you say, "Great. Now, let's look at their "Great. Now, let's look at their "Great. Now, let's look at their depressive symptoms, right? Or or their depressive symptoms, right? Or or their depressive symptoms, right? Or or their anxiety symptoms." And then you have anxiety symptoms." And then you have anxiety symptoms." And then you have them on the diet for them on the diet for them on the diet for 2 months, and then after you assess, and 2 months, and then after you assess, and 2 months, and then after you assess, and then you compare the groups, right? You then you compare the groups, right? You then you compare the groups, right? You lump 500 human beings together, and you lump 500 human beings together, and you lump 500 human beings together, and you say, "What's the average depression or say, "What's the average depression or say, "What's the average depression or anxiety symptoms in this in these 500 anxiety symptoms in this in these 500 anxiety symptoms in this in these 500 people?" Then you average these people people?" Then you average these people people?" Then you average these people together, and then you group them, and together, and then you group them, and together, and then you group them, and then you compare means. then you compare means. then you compare means. >> And I guess the other important point >> And I guess the other important point >> And I guess the other important point here is gender, which is so many of here is gender, which is so many of here is gender, which is so many of these studies were these studies were these studies were skewed towards men in many cases, and skewed towards men in many cases, and skewed towards men in many cases, and that doesn't apply to women a lot of the that doesn't apply to women a lot of the that doesn't apply to women a lot of the time. time. time. >> Yep. >> Yep. >> Yep. >> And this is part of the reason we've had >> And this is part of the reason we've had >> And this is part of the reason we've had so many conversations on this show about so many conversations on this show about so many conversations on this show about women's health is because we're just now women's health is because we're just now women's health is because we're just now discovering that, you know, once upon a discovering that, you know, once upon a discovering that, you know, once upon a time scientists would treat women like time scientists would treat women like time scientists would treat women like little men little men little men >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> and assume that everything used to apply >> and assume that everything used to apply >> and assume that everything used to apply when actually we're entirely different. when actually we're entirely different. when actually we're entirely different. And so And so And so >> Correct. >> Correct. >> Correct. >> this averages thing, you also need to >> this averages thing, you also need to >> this averages thing, you also need to think about the nuances of like who, think about the nuances of like who, think about the nuances of like who, gender, where they're from, their gender, where they're from, their gender, where they're from, their biology, their DNA. You just said that biology, their DNA. You just said that biology, their DNA. You just said that you you get the skinny fat thing or the you you get the skinny fat thing or the you you get the skinny fat thing or the visceral fat, whatever. I don't get visceral fat, whatever. I don't get visceral fat, whatever. I don't get that. that. that. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> But if we were doing an average of like >> But if we were doing an average of like >> But if we were doing an average of like three people yeah, maybe we'd come to a three people yeah, maybe we'd come to a three people yeah, maybe we'd come to a conclusion based on me and hit me and conclusion based on me and hit me and conclusion based on me and hit me and the other person who's like me, but that the other person who's like me, but that the other person who's like me, but that wouldn't apply to you. wouldn't apply to you. wouldn't apply to you. >> Yeah. So and that's really problematic. >> Yeah. So and that's really problematic. >> Yeah. So and that's really problematic. Like all of the the health Like all of the the health Like all of the the health recommendations that we have and the the recommendations that we have and the the recommendations that we have and the the way drugs get approved uh and the way we way drugs get approved uh and the way we way drugs get approved uh and the way we determine whether a drug is useful or determine whether a drug is useful or determine whether a drug is useful or not for disease X or or Y is by not for disease X or or Y is by not for disease X or or Y is by comparing groups. And whenever you you comparing groups. And whenever you you comparing groups. And whenever you you peel the surface of a clinical study of peel the surface of a clinical study of peel the surface of a clinical study of an RCT you find some people like are an RCT you find some people like are an RCT you find some people like are amazing responders, and they're cured. amazing responders, and they're cured. amazing responders, and they're cured. They don't have symptoms. And then some They don't have symptoms. And then some They don't have symptoms. And then some people don't respond. These are called people don't respond. These are called people don't respond. These are called non-responders. And then some people get non-responders. And then some people get non-responders. And then some people get worse. worse. worse. >> The most >> The most >> The most commented thing across the videos you commented thing across the videos you commented thing across the videos you featured on featured on featured on um and the most passionate thing, uh the um and the most passionate thing, uh the um and the most passionate thing, uh the most urgent thing according to the the most urgent thing according to the the most urgent thing according to the the people that were watching your work people that were watching your work people that were watching your work that they wanted to ask you that they wanted to ask you that they wanted to ask you was about long COVID, ME/CFS, I'm not was about long COVID, ME/CFS, I'm not was about long COVID, ME/CFS, I'm not sure what that is, and fibromyalgia. sure what that is, and fibromyalgia. sure what that is, and fibromyalgia. Um for patients with ME, CFS, and you'll Um for patients with ME, CFS, and you'll Um for patients with ME, CFS, and you'll have to explain to me what that is, or have to explain to me what that is, or have to explain to me what that is, or long COVID, the standard advice given is long COVID, the standard advice given is long COVID, the standard advice given is to exercise for mitochondrial health. to exercise for mitochondrial health. to exercise for mitochondrial health. Um, but for them it often triggers Um, but for them it often triggers Um, but for them it often triggers severe crashes. What is happening at the severe crashes. What is happening at the severe crashes. What is happening at the cellular level when the energy budget is cellular level when the energy budget is cellular level when the energy budget is broken, and how can these individuals broken, and how can these individuals broken, and how can these individuals safely rehabilitate their mitochondria safely rehabilitate their mitochondria safely rehabilitate their mitochondria without causing further damage? without causing further damage? without causing further damage? >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. That's a really tough problem. And That's a really tough problem. And That's a really tough problem. And >> This was the most repeatedly the most >> This was the most repeatedly the most >> This was the most repeatedly the most liked, the most commented thing on your liked, the most commented thing on your liked, the most commented thing on your videos. videos. videos. Because these people are suffering and Because these people are suffering and Because these people are suffering and they're just not being given answers, I they're just not being given answers, I they're just not being given answers, I guess. guess. guess. >> Yeah. In the US, there is an estimated >> Yeah. In the US, there is an estimated >> Yeah. In the US, there is an estimated like 3 to 5 million people who have like 3 to 5 million people who have like 3 to 5 million people who have either myalgic encephalomyelitis, either myalgic encephalomyelitis, either myalgic encephalomyelitis, chronic fatigue syndrome ME/CFS, or, you chronic fatigue syndrome ME/CFS, or, you chronic fatigue syndrome ME/CFS, or, you know, long COVID version of this. know, long COVID version of this. know, long COVID version of this. Uh, in the UK, it's somewhere between Uh, in the UK, it's somewhere between Uh, in the UK, it's somewhere between like 2 and 3 million, I think. And then like 2 and 3 million, I think. And then like 2 and 3 million, I think. And then worldwide, there's 20 to 24 million worldwide, there's 20 to 24 million worldwide, there's 20 to 24 million people have these syndromes, right? people have these syndromes, right? people have these syndromes, right? >> What are the symptoms for someone that >> What are the symptoms for someone that >> What are the symptoms for someone that hasn't experienced it? What are the hasn't experienced it? What are the hasn't experienced it? What are the symptoms that they're experiencing? symptoms that they're experiencing? symptoms that they're experiencing? >> Chronic fatigue. >> Chronic fatigue. >> Chronic fatigue. >> Just always being sort of tired, no >> Just always being sort of tired, no >> Just always being sort of tired, no energy, feeling low energy. energy, feeling low energy. energy, feeling low energy. >> Yeah. Feeling low energy, um, is is an >> Yeah. Feeling low energy, um, is is an >> Yeah. Feeling low energy, um, is is an experience, right? So, it's you go to experience, right? So, it's you go to experience, right? So, it's you go to your doctor and you say, "I feel so your doctor and you say, "I feel so your doctor and you say, "I feel so tired." And then you look in the blood tired." And then you look in the blood tired." And then you look in the blood work and everything's fine. But so, work and everything's fine. But so, work and everything's fine. But so, there's a disconnect between what we there's a disconnect between what we there's a disconnect between what we know how to measure biochemically and know how to measure biochemically and know how to measure biochemically and then what the person is experiencing. We then what the person is experiencing. We then what the person is experiencing. We don't have a good understanding of the don't have a good understanding of the don't have a good understanding of the connection between the biology and the connection between the biology and the connection between the biology and the biochemistry in the blood and even biochemistry in the blood and even biochemistry in the blood and even process in the brain and how people process in the brain and how people process in the brain and how people feel. feel. feel. So, there's a disconnect here. And, So, there's a disconnect here. And, So, there's a disconnect here. And, ME/CFS, you know, chronic fatigue, ME/CFS, you know, chronic fatigue, ME/CFS, you know, chronic fatigue, long COVID, these people have been a long COVID, these people have been a long COVID, these people have been a little bit ostracized from the medical, little bit ostracized from the medical, little bit ostracized from the medical, you know, community because you know, community because you know, community because doctors are are really stuck. They have doctors are are really stuck. They have doctors are are really stuck. They have these patients which are really these patients which are really these patients which are really difficult, you know, patients to to deal difficult, you know, patients to to deal difficult, you know, patients to to deal with. First, they don't know what's with. First, they don't know what's with. First, they don't know what's wrong with them. And second, they don't wrong with them. And second, they don't wrong with them. And second, they don't have tools to help them get better. have tools to help them get better. have tools to help them get better. Uh and and then the classical thing is Uh and and then the classical thing is Uh and and then the classical thing is well, exercise, but then many of these well, exercise, but then many of these well, exercise, but then many of these people, when they exercise, they people, when they exercise, they people, when they exercise, they actually get worse. And and there's some actually get worse. And and there's some actually get worse. And and there's some studies that show increased studies that show increased studies that show increased inflammation. So, those signals of inflammation. So, those signals of inflammation. So, those signals of energy resistance energy resistance energy resistance increase energy friction in the body, uh increase energy friction in the body, uh increase energy friction in the body, uh go up after exercise in a normal person. go up after exercise in a normal person. go up after exercise in a normal person. In these people with chronic fatigue, it In these people with chronic fatigue, it In these people with chronic fatigue, it seems like they can skyrocket and then seems like they can skyrocket and then seems like they can skyrocket and then that leads to this uh post-exertional that leads to this uh post-exertional that leads to this uh post-exertional malaise. Right? We talked earlier about malaise. Right? We talked earlier about malaise. Right? We talked earlier about how how how the marker of energetic stress, GDF15, the marker of energetic stress, GDF15, the marker of energetic stress, GDF15, can go to the brain and make you feel can go to the brain and make you feel can go to the brain and make you feel sick, right? Or make you feel, you know, sick, right? Or make you feel, you know, sick, right? Or make you feel, you know, nauseous or, you know, tired. Other nauseous or, you know, tired. Other nauseous or, you know, tired. Other cytokines from the immune system, when cytokines from the immune system, when cytokines from the immune system, when you're sick uh when you're fighting an you're sick uh when you're fighting an you're sick uh when you're fighting an infection, do the same thing. The best infection, do the same thing. The best infection, do the same thing. The best study on on mitochondria and uh chronic study on on mitochondria and uh chronic study on on mitochondria and uh chronic fatigue syndrome was published last year fatigue syndrome was published last year fatigue syndrome was published last year or the year before, and it showed that or the year before, and it showed that or the year before, and it showed that there is there is there is a deficiency a deficiency a deficiency in energy transformation in the in energy transformation in the in energy transformation in the mitochondria of the muscle. They took mitochondria of the muscle. They took mitochondria of the muscle. They took muscle biopsies, little piece of muscle muscle biopsies, little piece of muscle muscle biopsies, little piece of muscle from the from the quad, from the the from the from the quad, from the the from the from the quad, from the the thigh, and then they looked at how well thigh, and then they looked at how well thigh, and then they looked at how well can the mitochondria in the muscle of can the mitochondria in the muscle of can the mitochondria in the muscle of people with chronic fatigue syndrome people with chronic fatigue syndrome people with chronic fatigue syndrome flow energy. flow energy. flow energy. And what they found is the capacity is And what they found is the capacity is And what they found is the capacity is much lower. If the mitochondria can't much lower. If the mitochondria can't much lower. If the mitochondria can't flux energy properly, you should feel flux energy properly, you should feel flux energy properly, you should feel like you don't have the capacity to like you don't have the capacity to like you don't have the capacity to push, right? To exercise. push, right? To exercise. push, right? To exercise. So, why is that? Why do those people So, why is that? Why do those people So, why is that? Why do those people have you lower mitochondrial energy have you lower mitochondrial energy have you lower mitochondrial energy transformation capacity? We don't know. transformation capacity? We don't know. transformation capacity? We don't know. There's so many stories, and I I've been There's so many stories, and I I've been There's so many stories, and I I've been curious and interested about this. Uh curious and interested about this. Uh curious and interested about this. Uh and I remember uh this uh family friend and I remember uh this uh family friend and I remember uh this uh family friend who came for dinner uh one night, and who came for dinner uh one night, and who came for dinner uh one night, and she uh she was asking me, "What do you she uh she was asking me, "What do you she uh she was asking me, "What do you work on? And what do you do?" And so, I work on? And what do you do?" And so, I work on? And what do you do?" And so, I tell her we work on mitochondria and tell her we work on mitochondria and tell her we work on mitochondria and psychobiology, mitochondrial psychobiology, mitochondrial psychobiology, mitochondrial psychobiology, how the mind and the body psychobiology, how the mind and the body psychobiology, how the mind and the body relate, you know, energetically. Uh and relate, you know, energetically. Uh and relate, you know, energetically. Uh and she said, "Well, I have an interesting she said, "Well, I have an interesting she said, "Well, I have an interesting story for you." I said, "Okay. What's story for you." I said, "Okay. What's story for you." I said, "Okay. What's the story?" She said, "I used to have the story?" She said, "I used to have the story?" She said, "I used to have chronic fatigue syndrome." So, I I chronic fatigue syndrome." So, I I chronic fatigue syndrome." So, I I perked up. I was like, "What happened?" perked up. I was like, "What happened?" perked up. I was like, "What happened?" >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> She was visibly an energetic person. She >> She was visibly an energetic person. She >> She was visibly an energetic person. She didn't It didn't look like she had, you didn't It didn't look like she had, you didn't It didn't look like she had, you know, a an issue with energy. Though she know, a an issue with energy. Though she know, a an issue with energy. Though she said she was in her 20s and she had like said she was in her 20s and she had like said she was in her 20s and she had like she was debilitated, she couldn't work she was debilitated, she couldn't work she was debilitated, she couldn't work and you know she lived in this place and and you know she lived in this place and and you know she lived in this place and you know her life was kind of you know you know her life was kind of you know you know her life was kind of you know completely upside down because she completely upside down because she completely upside down because she didn't have energy to do anything. didn't have energy to do anything. didn't have energy to do anything. Which is I think a common story and she Which is I think a common story and she Which is I think a common story and she was in bed like multiple hours you know was in bed like multiple hours you know was in bed like multiple hours you know every day and struggling to go get every day and struggling to go get every day and struggling to go get groceries and groceries and groceries and everything [clears throat] was a drag everything [clears throat] was a drag everything [clears throat] was a drag about life and then one summer about life and then one summer about life and then one summer this guy from Hawaii which was a friend this guy from Hawaii which was a friend this guy from Hawaii which was a friend of a friend came over of a friend came over of a friend came over for the for the summer just doing for a for the for the summer just doing for a for the for the summer just doing for a little trip and they had an affair. She little trip and they had an affair. She little trip and they had an affair. She had a boyfriend and this was long time had a boyfriend and this was long time had a boyfriend and this was long time that she that she had a you know a human that she that she had a you know a human that she that she had a you know a human connection like this. connection like this. connection like this. >> So you're saying >> So you're saying >> So you're saying >> I'm not saying >> I'm not saying >> I'm not saying >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> What what ended what ended up happening >> What what ended what ended up happening >> What what ended what ended up happening is she said my chronic fatigue kind of is she said my chronic fatigue kind of is she said my chronic fatigue kind of lifted and I didn't have to do anything lifted and I didn't have to do anything lifted and I didn't have to do anything and then after that summer she never had and then after that summer she never had and then after that summer she never had chronic fatigue again. chronic fatigue again. chronic fatigue again. And she kind of reintegrated the normal And she kind of reintegrated the normal And she kind of reintegrated the normal life. I don't know what the lesson is life. I don't know what the lesson is life. I don't know what the lesson is here. I don't know if there's a here. I don't know if there's a here. I don't know if there's a generalizable principle but there's a generalizable principle but there's a generalizable principle but there's a lot of those stories where people end up lot of those stories where people end up lot of those stories where people end up in a really dark place in their life and in a really dark place in their life and in a really dark place in their life and either they're diagnosed with a mental either they're diagnosed with a mental either they're diagnosed with a mental illness or with chronic fatigue syndrome illness or with chronic fatigue syndrome illness or with chronic fatigue syndrome or with kind of or with kind of or with kind of a somato you know psychosomatic you know a somato you know psychosomatic you know a somato you know psychosomatic you know label or label or label or whatever that is. There's always kind of whatever that is. There's always kind of whatever that is. There's always kind of precipitating conditions. Sometimes it's precipitating conditions. Sometimes it's precipitating conditions. Sometimes it's in response to a medical interventions in response to a medical interventions in response to a medical interventions like immunization, sometimes it's in like immunization, sometimes it's in like immunization, sometimes it's in response to you know an infection or response to you know an infection or response to you know an infection or like a parasite. like a parasite. like a parasite. >> Mold and stuff like that. There's people >> Mold and stuff like that. There's people >> Mold and stuff like that. There's people that have like mold poisoning or that have like mold poisoning or that have like mold poisoning or whatever and they get whatever and they get whatever and they get >> Yeah, very often there's like a trigger. >> Yeah, very often there's like a trigger. >> Yeah, very often there's like a trigger. There's like sometimes a lingering kind There's like sometimes a lingering kind There's like sometimes a lingering kind of of of condition and then sometimes there's an condition and then sometimes there's an condition and then sometimes there's an acute trigger and the body's never able acute trigger and the body's never able acute trigger and the body's never able to fully recover. So to fully recover. So to fully recover. So what do we take from that you know story what do we take from that you know story what do we take from that you know story of a of a summer fling? of a of a summer fling? of a of a summer fling? >> Well I take from it hope. >> Well I take from it hope. >> Well I take from it hope. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> That you know even when the cards seem >> That you know even when the cards seem >> That you know even when the cards seem to be stacked against you and it feels to be stacked against you and it feels to be stacked against you and it feels like you might have to live with this like you might have to live with this like you might have to live with this thing for a long time. But in many thing for a long time. But in many thing for a long time. But in many cases, rem- miraculous things happen cases, rem- miraculous things happen cases, rem- miraculous things happen that defy the odds. And hope itself, I that defy the odds. And hope itself, I that defy the odds. And hope itself, I think, it can keep us in an optimistic think, it can keep us in an optimistic think, it can keep us in an optimistic mind- mindset. mind- mindset. mind- mindset. >> I've seen this in patients with >> I've seen this in patients with >> I've seen this in patients with mitochondrial diseases as well. You mitochondrial diseases as well. You mitochondrial diseases as well. You know, these people are diagnosed with a know, these people are diagnosed with a know, these people are diagnosed with a genetically defined mitochondrial genetically defined mitochondrial genetically defined mitochondrial disease. Their mitochondria can't flow disease. Their mitochondria can't flow disease. Their mitochondria can't flow energy properly. So, every day they live energy properly. So, every day they live energy properly. So, every day they live probably with this kind of discomfort probably with this kind of discomfort probably with this kind of discomfort of, you know, holding your breath for of, you know, holding your breath for of, you know, holding your breath for too long. too long. too long. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> And everything's difficult about life. >> And everything's difficult about life. >> And everything's difficult about life. Many of them lose hope. And And when you Many of them lose hope. And And when you Many of them lose hope. And And when you you see them losing hope, they start to you see them losing hope, they start to you see them losing hope, they start to go downhill physically, and many of them go downhill physically, and many of them go downhill physically, and many of them die very early. die very early. die very early. The people who do the best, like, their The people who do the best, like, their The people who do the best, like, their mitochondria don't work the way they mitochondria don't work the way they mitochondria don't work the way they should, should, should, but they're they're able to find but they're they're able to find but they're they're able to find something that they love. They're able something that they love. They're able something that they love. They're able to, you know, find an expression for for to, you know, find an expression for for to, you know, find an expression for for themselves. And they're to have themselves. And they're to have themselves. And they're to have supportive family. Almost a universal supportive family. Almost a universal supportive family. Almost a universal theme for people who do well is they theme for people who do well is they theme for people who do well is they have have have a supportive, you know, environment. And a supportive, you know, environment. And a supportive, you know, environment. And cultivating this is is so precious. And cultivating this is is so precious. And cultivating this is is so precious. And it brings us back maybe to social it brings us back maybe to social it brings us back maybe to social connections. You know, you connections. You know, you connections. You know, you energetic process, me energetic process. energetic process, me energetic process. energetic process, me energetic process. When we interact, When we interact, When we interact, you know, through um through sounds and you know, through um through sounds and you know, through um through sounds and and, you know, physically shaking hands and, you know, physically shaking hands and, you know, physically shaking hands and and and and I feel your energy, I feel your and I feel your energy, I feel your and I feel your energy, I feel your excitement, you feel mine. And then, you excitement, you feel mine. And then, you excitement, you feel mine. And then, you know, we we might vibe and resonate. And know, we we might vibe and resonate. And know, we we might vibe and resonate. And And then maybe, you know, you find And then maybe, you know, you find And then maybe, you know, you find someone and you feel love for that someone and you feel love for that someone and you feel love for that person. I think love is the experience person. I think love is the experience person. I think love is the experience of resonance. of resonance. of resonance. Right? And And when you feel that with Right? And And when you feel that with Right? And And when you feel that with someone, it feels so special. someone, it feels so special. someone, it feels so special. >> Which goes back to the affair point. >> Which goes back to the affair point. >> Which goes back to the affair point. >> Yeah, maybe. [laughter] >> Yeah, maybe. [laughter] >> Yeah, maybe. [laughter] >> Maybe. >> Maybe. >> Maybe. On this point of exercise, which we On this point of exercise, which we On this point of exercise, which we talked about earlier, if someone wants talked about earlier, if someone wants talked about earlier, if someone wants to maximize mitochondrial biogenesis, to maximize mitochondrial biogenesis, to maximize mitochondrial biogenesis, what is the sweet spot for training? Is what is the sweet spot for training? Is what is the sweet spot for training? Is it strictly zone two cardio or high it strictly zone two cardio or high it strictly zone two cardio or high intensity interval training or intensity interval training or intensity interval training or resistance training or something else? resistance training or something else? resistance training or something else? Is there like an optimal type of Is there like an optimal type of Is there like an optimal type of training? training? training? >> Yeah. I think the key principle here is >> Yeah. I think the key principle here is >> Yeah. I think the key principle here is anything that will make you breathe anything that will make you breathe anything that will make you breathe harder harder harder >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> means that your mitochondria are working >> means that your mitochondria are working >> means that your mitochondria are working harder. harder. harder. >> Okay, but you don't want to do it too >> Okay, but you don't want to do it too >> Okay, but you don't want to do it too long. long. long. >> If you're not trained, right? Like, >> If you're not trained, right? Like, >> If you're not trained, right? Like, you're regular guy. I'm not trained now. you're regular guy. I'm not trained now. you're regular guy. I'm not trained now. I I I I run for like I I I I run for like I I I I run for like 20 minutes every other day. That's my 20 minutes every other day. That's my 20 minutes every other day. That's my you know, routine. That's what I I have you know, routine. That's what I I have you know, routine. That's what I I have enough time to do and I feel like it enough time to do and I feel like it enough time to do and I feel like it moves energy through my body in the moves energy through my body in the moves energy through my body in the right way. right way. right way. >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> But if I go and I try to run a marathon, >> But if I go and I try to run a marathon, >> But if I go and I try to run a marathon, I'm going to injure myself. You know, I'm going to injure myself. You know, I'm going to injure myself. You know, I'm going to hurt myself. So that would I'm going to hurt myself. So that would I'm going to hurt myself. So that would be too much for me. And so be too much for me. And so be too much for me. And so I think that comes back to the point of I think that comes back to the point of I think that comes back to the point of like feeling into your energy. We call like feeling into your energy. We call like feeling into your energy. We call this mitoception, right? Feeling into this mitoception, right? Feeling into this mitoception, right? Feeling into your mitochondria and what's your mitochondria and what's your mitochondria and what's sustainable. So I think there's a an sustainable. So I think there's a an sustainable. So I think there's a an individualized you know, stance that we individualized you know, stance that we individualized you know, stance that we need to take towards this. need to take towards this. need to take towards this. >> And the last question from the audience >> And the last question from the audience >> And the last question from the audience was, "Right now mitochondrial health was, "Right now mitochondrial health was, "Right now mitochondrial health feels a bit invisible. Are there any feels a bit invisible. Are there any feels a bit invisible. Are there any accessible reliable tests like ATP blood accessible reliable tests like ATP blood accessible reliable tests like ATP blood tests or specific biomarkers that a tests or specific biomarkers that a tests or specific biomarkers that a normal person can use to accurately normal person can use to accurately normal person can use to accurately measure their mitochondrial function?" measure their mitochondrial function?" measure their mitochondrial function?" >> Working on it. >> Working on it. >> Working on it. >> You're working on it. >> You're working on it. >> You're working on it. >> So routine is working on it and so we're >> So routine is working on it and so we're >> So routine is working on it and so we're building building building a platform a technology platform that a platform a technology platform that a platform a technology platform that would allow people to tune into their would allow people to tune into their would allow people to tune into their mitochondria to mitocept, right? So do mitochondria to mitocept, right? So do mitochondria to mitocept, right? So do you feel your energy through your you feel your energy through your you feel your energy through your mitochondria and then you can make mitochondria and then you can make mitochondria and then you can make better decisions like ketogenic diet. Is better decisions like ketogenic diet. Is better decisions like ketogenic diet. Is this helping you? Is this not helping this helping you? Is this not helping this helping you? Is this not helping you? This new relationship, is this you? This new relationship, is this you? This new relationship, is this sucking away your energy or sucking away your energy or sucking away your energy or is this giving you energy? This new job, is this giving you energy? This new job, is this giving you energy? This new job, this new you know, direction in life. this new you know, direction in life. this new you know, direction in life. There's so much. I mean, all of the There's so much. I mean, all of the There's so much. I mean, all of the important decisions we make important decisions we make important decisions we make really you know, we make what how we really you know, we make what how we really you know, we make what how we feel. Like you wake up in the morning feel. Like you wake up in the morning feel. Like you wake up in the morning and either and either and either you feel great and you can change things you feel great and you can change things you feel great and you can change things or you wake up and and you don't want to or you wake up and and you don't want to or you wake up and and you don't want to be here. That's an experience and before be here. That's an experience and before be here. That's an experience and before you get there, you know, on the dark you get there, you know, on the dark you get there, you know, on the dark side there's all of these side there's all of these side there's all of these decision points that that we face and decision points that that we face and decision points that that we face and the power of discernment. the power of discernment. the power of discernment. Right? Then what we talked about like Right? Then what we talked about like Right? Then what we talked about like with Steve Jobs like this is the way and with Steve Jobs like this is the way and with Steve Jobs like this is the way and and then you know, you feel strong about and then you know, you feel strong about and then you know, you feel strong about this discerning what's right for you, this discerning what's right for you, this discerning what's right for you, what's not right for you, what's the what's not right for you, what's the what's not right for you, what's the right direction, is it the right time or right direction, is it the right time or right direction, is it the right time or not? Those are decisions we make, you not? Those are decisions we make, you not? Those are decisions we make, you know, with our guts. And there are many know, with our guts. And there are many know, with our guts. And there are many people who who swear that this is the people who who swear that this is the people who who swear that this is the only way they make decisions. And if only way they make decisions. And if only way they make decisions. And if they make decisions rationally, that they make decisions rationally, that they make decisions rationally, that ends up biting them in the butt. Because ends up biting them in the butt. Because ends up biting them in the butt. Because I think the this thing I think the this thing I think the this thing and this energetic system is the most and this energetic system is the most and this energetic system is the most sensitive instrument that we have sensitive instrument that we have sensitive instrument that we have to know whether to know whether to know whether the content of our lives is aligned with the content of our lives is aligned with the content of our lives is aligned with who we are as individuals. who we are as individuals. who we are as individuals. And that requires that we feel into And that requires that we feel into And that requires that we feel into this movement and into our sensations this movement and into our sensations this movement and into our sensations and into and into and into um um um the experiences we have. So, that's the the experiences we have. So, that's the the experiences we have. So, that's the the barometer that really guides us the barometer that really guides us the barometer that really guides us through life, like a GPS. through life, like a GPS. through life, like a GPS. An energetic GPS. An energetic GPS. An energetic GPS. >> Talk to Martin. We have a closing >> Talk to Martin. We have a closing >> Talk to Martin. We have a closing tradition on this podcast where the last tradition on this podcast where the last tradition on this podcast where the last guest leaves a question for the next guest leaves a question for the next guest leaves a question for the next guest not knowing who they're leaving it guest not knowing who they're leaving it guest not knowing who they're leaving it for. And the question that has been left for. And the question that has been left for. And the question that has been left for you is what is the most difficult for you is what is the most difficult for you is what is the most difficult thing you ever overcame and how did it thing you ever overcame and how did it thing you ever overcame and how did it make you the person you are today? >> So, I just felt my energy change. >> So, I just felt my energy change. >> Mhm. I saw it change. >> Mhm. I saw it change. >> Mhm. I saw it change. >> I felt like this sinking feeling. About a year ago, um um About a year ago, um um my fiance and I were expecting a baby. my fiance and I were expecting a baby. my fiance and I were expecting a baby. >> [sighs] >> [sighs] >> [sighs] >> And we were about 3 months into the >> And we were about 3 months into the >> And we were about 3 months into the pregnancy and pregnancy and pregnancy and it was great. We were excited. Um we it was great. We were excited. Um we it was great. We were excited. Um we were calling this were calling this were calling this new life, new life. new life, new life. new life, new life. >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> And we talked, you know, affectionately >> And we talked, you know, affectionately >> And we talked, you know, affectionately about it and about it and about it and we said like, you know, when new life we said like, you know, when new life we said like, you know, when new life comes this and we both have a a child comes this and we both have a a child comes this and we both have a a child and and and um and she was in Canada. She came back um and she was in Canada. She came back um and she was in Canada. She came back and then and then and then uh and that evening in in bed she had uh and that evening in in bed she had uh and that evening in in bed she had this like crazy pain that started and this like crazy pain that started and this like crazy pain that started and uh uh uh and we were both super scared. There was and we were both super scared. There was and we were both super scared. There was a bit of bleeding and then and then a bit of bleeding and then and then a bit of bleeding and then and then contractions started to come really contractions started to come really contractions started to come really fast. Not supposed to happen at 3 fast. Not supposed to happen at 3 fast. Not supposed to happen at 3 months. months. months. Um and then I was like, "Oh, maybe this Um and then I was like, "Oh, maybe this Um and then I was like, "Oh, maybe this is just like a bump in the road, and and is just like a bump in the road, and and is just like a bump in the road, and and you know, things are going to be fine." you know, things are going to be fine." you know, things are going to be fine." Um so Um so Um so we ended up having a miscarriage, and we ended up having a miscarriage, and we ended up having a miscarriage, and Nerosha didn't want to go to the Nerosha didn't want to go to the Nerosha didn't want to go to the hospital, so we did this at home. hospital, so we did this at home. hospital, so we did this at home. And it was terrible. It was really And it was terrible. It was really And it was terrible. It was really really sad, really, you know, really sad, really, you know, really sad, really, you know, gut-wrenching. gut-wrenching. gut-wrenching. So we were were both devastated when, So we were were both devastated when, So we were were both devastated when, you know, new life left us, and and then you know, new life left us, and and then you know, new life left us, and and then I had this moment of like, "Why me?" I had this moment of like, "Why me?" I had this moment of like, "Why me?" Like, "Why the this has happened to Like, "Why the this has happened to Like, "Why the this has happened to me?" Like, "I'm me?" Like, "I'm me?" Like, "I'm I think I'm a good person. I'm doing my I think I'm a good person. I'm doing my I think I'm a good person. I'm doing my best to bring good in the world." best to bring good in the world." best to bring good in the world." I tried to be a good partner, a good I tried to be a good partner, a good I tried to be a good partner, a good um you know, leader. I tried to Yeah. um you know, leader. I tried to Yeah. um you know, leader. I tried to Yeah. Why is this happening to me?" So this Why is this happening to me?" So this Why is this happening to me?" So this was like this victim, you know, was like this victim, you know, was like this victim, you know, mentality mindset. mentality mindset. mentality mindset. And I've learned through And I've learned through And I've learned through my 40 or so years that I think a a my 40 or so years that I think a a my 40 or so years that I think a a useful stance to take in life is useful stance to take in life is useful stance to take in life is to assume that there's something to to assume that there's something to to assume that there's something to learn from everything you go through. learn from everything you go through. learn from everything you go through. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> Mhm. >> [clears throat] >> [clears throat] >> [clears throat] >> I don't know this for sure. It's not a a >> I don't know this for sure. It's not a a >> I don't know this for sure. It's not a a scientific fact. It's more of a uh scientific fact. It's more of a uh scientific fact. It's more of a uh >> [clears throat] >> [clears throat] >> [clears throat] >> of an experience turned into kind of a >> of an experience turned into kind of a >> of an experience turned into kind of a way of of living, more of a belief. way of of living, more of a belief. way of of living, more of a belief. So I was like, "But So I was like, "But So I was like, "But how could there be something to learn how could there be something to learn how could there be something to learn from something so terrible?" from something so terrible?" from something so terrible?" Um Um Um and I I had to sit with this, and and I I had to sit with this, and and I I had to sit with this, and 2 days later 2 days later 2 days later after the baby had gone, and Nerosha and after the baby had gone, and Nerosha and after the baby had gone, and Nerosha and I had sat in the shower and cried, and I had sat in the shower and cried, and I had sat in the shower and cried, and the smell was horrible, and just it was the smell was horrible, and just it was the smell was horrible, and just it was death. Like, death was around us, around death. Like, death was around us, around death. Like, death was around us, around me, and I felt angry, and I felt sad. me, and I felt angry, and I felt sad. me, and I felt angry, and I felt sad. Um and I just sat down and and wrote. I Um and I just sat down and and wrote. I Um and I just sat down and and wrote. I I just And that's my way now of letting I just And that's my way now of letting I just And that's my way now of letting things flow. Different people have things flow. Different people have things flow. Different people have different ways, and then and different ways, and then and different ways, and then and I was writing about my experience and I was writing about my experience and I was writing about my experience and why now and why now and why now and and I asked, "What is there to learn and I asked, "What is there to learn and I asked, "What is there to learn from this?" from this?" from this?" And a very clear answer And a very clear answer And a very clear answer came up. came up. came up. Slowing down. And that hit really hard because And that hit really hard because throughout my whole life, I've moved throughout my whole life, I've moved throughout my whole life, I've moved pretty quickly through life. I had a pretty quickly through life. I had a pretty quickly through life. I had a very very very short, you know, PhD then I became a short, you know, PhD then I became a short, you know, PhD then I became a professor very quickly and professor very quickly and professor very quickly and uh uh uh and grew a team and um and like moving and grew a team and um and like moving and grew a team and um and like moving fast is kind of something that's like a fast is kind of something that's like a fast is kind of something that's like a personality trait that I I do and personality trait that I I do and personality trait that I I do and uh and I think sometimes it's served me. uh and I think sometimes it's served me. uh and I think sometimes it's served me. It's allowed me to do some things that It's allowed me to do some things that It's allowed me to do some things that you would not have been possible you would not have been possible you would not have been possible otherwise, but otherwise, but otherwise, but at other times I think it's hurt me and at other times I think it's hurt me and at other times I think it's hurt me and it's like this drive, this inner drive it's like this drive, this inner drive it's like this drive, this inner drive like things must happen now, must move like things must happen now, must move like things must happen now, must move fast. fast. fast. I think it's hurt other people around I think it's hurt other people around I think it's hurt other people around and has impaired my ability to be an and has impaired my ability to be an and has impaired my ability to be an effective leader cuz I then effective leader cuz I then effective leader cuz I then maybe I lack sensitivity to other people maybe I lack sensitivity to other people maybe I lack sensitivity to other people who don't move at my pace. who don't move at my pace. who don't move at my pace. Uh Uh Uh to slowing down to slowing down to slowing down really kind of really kind of really kind of um hit home. um hit home. um hit home. The things were like clear. It was like The things were like clear. It was like The things were like clear. It was like looking at a canvas and looking at a canvas and looking at a canvas and there was more contrast. there was more contrast. there was more contrast. Like the things that really mattered Like the things that really mattered Like the things that really mattered were like sharper, right? And all of were like sharper, right? And all of were like sharper, right? And all of this other like these obligations this other like these obligations this other like these obligations and these and these and these things that I had said yes to or like, things that I had said yes to or like, things that I had said yes to or like, you know, the contrast was so much you know, the contrast was so much you know, the contrast was so much sharper. Um sharper. Um sharper. Um and this and this and this lesson, I think I I took this as a lesson, I think I I took this as a lesson, I think I I took this as a lesson, slowing down, I think has lesson, slowing down, I think has lesson, slowing down, I think has allowed me to be a better listener, to allowed me to be a better listener, to allowed me to be a better listener, to be a better, you know, more be a better, you know, more be a better, you know, more compassionate father and compassionate father and compassionate father and uh scientist. uh scientist. uh scientist. Uh I think it's changed me. Uh I think it's changed me. Uh I think it's changed me. And I don't know that I would have And I don't know that I would have And I don't know that I would have learned that lesson learned that lesson learned that lesson in another way. We are the this in another way. We are the this in another way. We are the this energetic process that's shaped by the energetic process that's shaped by the energetic process that's shaped by the sum of our experiences and the people we sum of our experiences and the people we sum of our experiences and the people we meet. Like, I'll never be the same after meet. Like, I'll never be the same after meet. Like, I'll never be the same after today from having sat with you at this today from having sat with you at this today from having sat with you at this table and you opening the door table and you opening the door table and you opening the door not just to scientific inquiry, but to not just to scientific inquiry, but to not just to scientific inquiry, but to human experience. human experience. human experience. Um Um Um yeah, the yeah, the yeah, the we we change all the time. We transform we we change all the time. We transform we we change all the time. We transform and [clears throat] what shapes us is and [clears throat] what shapes us is and [clears throat] what shapes us is those kind of those kind of those kind of energetic interactions and energetic interactions and energetic interactions and um um um >> [clears throat] >> [clears throat] >> [clears throat] >> yeah, everything we go through. >> yeah, everything we go through. >> yeah, everything we go through. >> Well, I'll never be the same either. >> Well, I'll never be the same either. >> Well, I'll never be the same either. For for I think all the best reasons. For for I think all the best reasons. For for I think all the best reasons. I'm I you know, I have to say that I'm I'm I you know, I have to say that I'm I'm I you know, I have to say that I'm I'm I'm I'm I'm hesitating my words here because of I'm hesitating my words here because of I'm hesitating my words here because of the gratitude that you've taken from the the gratitude that you've taken from the the gratitude that you've taken from the wisdom that it's given you, but I'm wisdom that it's given you, but I'm wisdom that it's given you, but I'm terribly sorry that that hap you had to terribly sorry that that hap you had to terribly sorry that that hap you had to go through that. I can only I just can't go through that. I can only I just can't go through that. I can only I just can't imagine. It's one of my Honestly, it's imagine. It's one of my Honestly, it's imagine. It's one of my Honestly, it's one of my like worst nightmares, one of my like worst nightmares, one of my like worst nightmares, especially at the season of life I'm in especially at the season of life I'm in especially at the season of life I'm in when me and my partner and my fiance are when me and my partner and my fiance are when me and my partner and my fiance are trying to have a kid. It's just like I trying to have a kid. It's just like I trying to have a kid. It's just like I think I think I'm thinking about think I think I'm thinking about think I think I'm thinking about those things now and how I would I'm those things now and how I would I'm those things now and how I would I'm like pre-empting how I would handle like pre-empting how I would handle like pre-empting how I would handle those kinds of things. So, to hear that those kinds of things. So, to hear that those kinds of things. So, to hear that it happened to you is just it's um it happened to you is just it's um it happened to you is just it's um it's really hard It's really difficult it's really hard It's really difficult it's really hard It's really difficult to hear. to hear. to hear. Um Um Um >> It happens to about 20 million people a >> It happens to about 20 million people a >> It happens to about 20 million people a year. year. year. >> Most people don't talk about it, either, >> Most people don't talk about it, either, >> Most people don't talk about it, either, do they? do they? do they? >> People don't talk about it. >> People don't talk about it. >> People don't talk about it. >> Yeah. Cuz it's shrouded in mixed >> Yeah. Cuz it's shrouded in mixed >> Yeah. Cuz it's shrouded in mixed emotions and emotions and emotions and yeah, I can understand that. yeah, I can understand that. yeah, I can understand that. >> Yeah. >> But I am better off for having this >> But I am better off for having this conversation with you and I think, you conversation with you and I think, you conversation with you and I think, you know, I speak on behalf of my audience know, I speak on behalf of my audience know, I speak on behalf of my audience for sure this time when I say that I for sure this time when I say that I for sure this time when I say that I think my audience are as well. I've think my audience are as well. I've think my audience are as well. I've learned so much. It's actually kind of learned so much. It's actually kind of learned so much. It's actually kind of like completely re-changed how I think like completely re-changed how I think like completely re-changed how I think about life itself, which is a weird about life itself, which is a weird about life itself, which is a weird thing. Mhm. And I hope I can just let thing. Mhm. And I hope I can just let thing. Mhm. And I hope I can just let sit in this moment a little bit and sit in this moment a little bit and sit in this moment a little bit and think about how I am energy and how how think about how I am energy and how how think about how I am energy and how how that's determining everything um around that's determining everything um around that's determining everything um around me and others and me and others and me and others and and it's um it's really really and it's um it's really really and it's um it's really really wonderful. I think what you know, what wonderful. I think what you know, what wonderful. I think what you know, what you're doing, people might think of you you're doing, people might think of you you're doing, people might think of you as like a my mitochondrial scientist, as like a my mitochondrial scientist, as like a my mitochondrial scientist, but actually it's much more deeper and but actually it's much more deeper and but actually it's much more deeper and much more philosophical than that. When much more philosophical than that. When much more philosophical than that. When we think about what energy is to us, we think about what energy is to us, we think about what energy is to us, it's it is everything. Mhm. And that's it's it is everything. Mhm. And that's it's it is everything. Mhm. And that's really the lens that you've given me really the lens that you've given me really the lens that you've given me today is you've completely changed my today is you've completely changed my today is you've completely changed my mind on like how I think about life, mind on like how I think about life, mind on like how I think about life, which is such a wonderful thing to get which is such a wonderful thing to get which is such a wonderful thing to get from a podcast. I don't say this like I from a podcast. I don't say this like I from a podcast. I don't say this like I don't kiss people people's asses like don't kiss people people's asses like don't kiss people people's asses like this. Like I genuinely my mind is like this. Like I genuinely my mind is like this. Like I genuinely my mind is like hell. hell. hell. It's also changed how I think about It's also changed how I think about It's also changed how I think about business, which is really weird and I business, which is really weird and I business, which is really weird and I >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> Um >> Um >> Um >> So business is is an extension of us, of >> So business is is an extension of us, of >> So business is is an extension of us, of you know, energetic. you know, energetic. you know, energetic. >> Like everything is. >> Like everything is. >> Like everything is. That's what I've learned today. That's what I've learned today. That's what I've learned today. >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> Quite literally. >> Quite literally. >> Quite literally. >> And it's also made me think a lot about >> And it's also made me think a lot about >> And it's also made me think a lot about how I preserve, conserve, aim my energy. how I preserve, conserve, aim my energy. how I preserve, conserve, aim my energy. Um Um Um So Dr. Martin Picard, thank you so much. So Dr. Martin Picard, thank you so much. So Dr. Martin Picard, thank you so much. Thank you so much for your generosity Thank you so much for your generosity Thank you so much for your generosity and your wisdom. It's not very often and your wisdom. It's not very often and your wisdom. It's not very often that I have conversations that actually that I have conversations that actually that I have conversations that actually like instantly cause this shift in me, like instantly cause this shift in me, like instantly cause this shift in me, but this is one of them today. If people but this is one of them today. If people but this is one of them today. If people want to learn more about you and the want to learn more about you and the want to learn more about you and the work you're doing, where do we work you're doing, where do we work you're doing, where do we channel that energy? channel that energy? channel that energy? Where do they go? Where do they go? Where do they go? >> The best place for people to go is >> The best place for people to go is >> The best place for people to go is website martinpicard.energy. website martinpicard.energy. website martinpicard.energy. >> Okay. >> Okay. >> Okay. >> And then from this website, you'll see >> And then from this website, you'll see >> And then from this website, you'll see information about the book, you'll see information about the book, you'll see information about the book, you'll see information about the research, core information about the research, core information about the research, core energetic principles that cover what energetic principles that cover what energetic principles that cover what we've covered today. There are little we've covered today. There are little we've covered today. There are little animations and there's information about animations and there's information about animations and there's information about the institute. the institute. the institute. >> Okay. >> Okay. >> Okay. Thank you so much. Thank you so much. Thank you so much. >> Thank you. >> Thank you. >> Thank you. >> YouTube have this new crazy algorithm >> YouTube have this new crazy algorithm >> YouTube have this new crazy algorithm where they know exactly what video you where they know exactly what video you where they know exactly what video you would like to watch next based on AI and would like to watch next based on AI and would like to watch next based on AI and all of your viewing behavior. And the all of your viewing behavior. And the all of your viewing behavior. And the algorithm says that this video is the algorithm says that this video is the algorithm says that this video is the perfect video for you. It's different perfect video for you. It's different perfect video for you. It's different for everybody looking right now. Check for everybody looking right now. Check for everybody looking right now. Check this video out. I bet you you might love this video out. I bet you you might love this video out. I bet you you might love it.