Biohub said Wednesday that it, the Energy Department, the National Institutes of Health and new partners are putting $1.8 billion into generating the biological data needed to model a cell.

By the numbers: The Energy Department will invest more than $500 million over five years in lab measurement, modeling and computation. NIH will coordinate datasets built on more than $500 million of prior federal investment, and Google DeepMind, Isomorphic Labs and Meta are together adding $300 million.

The backstory: Biohub, the research nonprofit funded by Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan, launched the Virtual Biology Initiative in April 2026 with $500 million of its own. Of that, $400 million went to measurement technology including cryo-electron tomography and microscopy that can image millions to billions of cells in living tissue.

Zoom in: The money buys data, not a model. The plan is to measure how cells respond to interventions across far more cell types and conditions than anyone has studied, then release the result openly so any lab can train on it.

"Because of this potential, the creation of a virtual cell is one of the most important challenges for the next era of science," said Biohub Head of Science Alex Rives.

What they're saying: "Generating the data to solve predictive systems biology requires scaling past the limits of what any single organization can produce today," said Max Jaderberg, president of Isomorphic Labs.

The big picture: The Allen Institute, Broad Institute, Gladstone Institutes, the Human Cell Atlas, the Human Protein Atlas and the Wellcome Sanger Institute joined to shape scientific strategy, groups Biohub describes as experienced in international collaborations going back to the Human Genome Project. NVIDIA is also supporting the work.

Why it matters: If a model can predict how a cell reacts to a drug, the slowest and most expensive step in medicine moves from the bench to a computer. NIH deputy director Nicole Kleinstreuer said the return could be substantially faster timelines for medical breakthroughs.

Go deeper: Biohub

Canada will indefinitely keep medically assisted death closed to people whose only underlying condition is a mental illness, Justice Minister Sean Fraser said Wednesday.

Zoom in: "Canada has made a decision not to move forward with the expansion that is scheduled in the Criminal Code of medical assistance in dying in circumstances where mental illness is the sole basis," Fraser said in the foyer of the House of Commons.

The backstory: Canada passed its assisted dying law in 2016. Quebec's Superior Court struck it down in 2019 because eligibility required a reasonably foreseeable death, and Bill C-7 removed that requirement in March 2021 while temporarily excluding mental illness. That exclusion slipped from 2023 to 2024 and then to March 2027.

Between the lines: Fraser gave two reasons: real concerns about people living in communities with inadequate access to mental health services, and the absence of agreement on when a mental illness is incurable.

A special parliamentary committee reached the same conclusion in a report released in June.

What's next: The same bill will open the door to advance consent, letting a person authorise their own assisted death before an illness removes their capacity to decide. Fraser said it will require the illness to be incurable and the suffering intolerable, with details settled in committee.

The other side: Conservative MP Tamara Jansen accused Fraser of timing the announcement hours before a vote on her private member's bill, C-218. "We have no idea what his bill's going to say," she said, calling the promised legislation a phantom bill.

Fraser said C-218 fell short because its term "mental disorders" could sweep in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, whose patients qualify today, and because it left out advance consent.

Why it matters: The mental illness expansion has now slipped three times in five years, from 2023 to 2024 to 2027, and is being shelved with no new date. The advance consent change moving alongside it would widen access for people facing a diagnosis that will take away their capacity to choose.

Go deeper: CBC News

Federal Reserve officials expect to raise interest rates once more before the end of the year to push back on inflation that has run above target for more than five years.

By the numbers: Of the 18 FOMC officials who submitted forecasts, 16 said they expected another increase this year, and as a group the committee penciled in none for 2027. The September vote to raise the benchmark rate a quarter point was unanimous.

"With regard to the outlook for monetary policy beyond the current meeting, most participants assessed that another increase in the target range for the federal funds rate would likely be appropriate by year end," the minutes said.

Between the lines: The minutes withhold the timing. Participants stressed that they approach each meeting with an open mind and that future decisions depend on incoming information and the balance of risks. The Fed next sets rates on October 28 and again on December 9.

The backstory: Several officials had signaled reluctance before the September meeting and backed the hike anyway. Many participants argued a higher path was prudent on risk-management grounds, insurance against inflation staying above target because of stronger demand or fresh supply shocks.

Yes, but: Markets briefly bet on a follow-up at the late-October meeting, and recent data cooled that. Core PCE inflation ran 3% in August and the headline reading 3.4%, both above the 2% target yet softer than forecasters expected.

Treasury yields sit near levels last seen in 2002, a rise officials attributed to expectations for higher Fed rates, the artificial intelligence buildout and solid growth. Staff economists said some of the move may trace to the Treasury's debt buyback program.

Why it matters: Mortgage, car loan and credit card rates track the Fed's path, so another quarter point lands on household budgets before the holidays. Savers collect the other side of it in higher yields on cash.

Go deeper: Federal Reserve

Isaias strengthened into a hurricane late Wednesday with 75 mph winds, the first of the 2026 Atlantic season and the latest a first hurricane has formed in 121 years.

By the numbers: Isaias crossed the hurricane threshold on October 7, just missing a record for the latest first Atlantic hurricane set on October 8, 1905, per NOAA data. Early Thursday it carried 75 mph sustained winds and a central pressure of 981 millibars measured by a hurricane hunter dropsonde.

Hurricane-force winds reach only 25 miles from the center, while tropical-storm-force winds extend 60 miles out from it.

Zoom in: A hurricane warning runs from Ocean Springs, Mississippi across Alabama to Florida's Bay and Gulf county line, with a storm surge warning from the mouth of the Mississippi River to the Steinhatchee River. Forecasters put the peak surge at 5 to 7 feet along that coast and inside Mobile Bay.

What's next: Isaias passes north of the Yucatan Peninsula later Thursday, then turns northeast and north, with landfall inside the warning area late Friday or early Saturday. The hurricane center expects more strengthening through early Friday.

Florida Governor Ron DeSantis declared a state of emergency for more than two dozen counties, and Alabama Governor Kay Ivey did the same for 40.

Between the lines: Rain is the wider threat. The hurricane center forecasts 3 to 7 inches along the coast from southeastern Louisiana to the Florida panhandle, with up to 10 inches in spots and heavy rain reaching the Tennessee Valley and the Carolinas.

Why it matters: A storm surge warning means life-threatening inundation is possible within 36 hours, and the National Weather Service tells anyone inside the zone to follow local evacuation orders promptly. The hurricane center warned that a life-threatening storm surge is expected as Isaias approaches on Friday.

Go deeper: NOAA National Hurricane Center

Japan's antitrust regulator searched the offices of the country's four largest beer makers on Wednesday over suspicions they coordinated wholesale price increases.

Zoom in: The Japan Fair Trade Commission conducted on-site inspections at Asahi Breweries, Kirin Brewery, Sapporo Breweries and Suntory Spirits, all based in Tokyo. A source told AFP it is the first time the regulator has opened a compulsory probe into a wholesale beer pricing cartel.

The four firms account for roughly 90% of Japan's beer market.

The backstory: All four raised prices repeatedly in recent years, citing the rising cost of raw materials, energy and transport. Investigators believe company representatives met periodically to discuss pricing and the timing of increases, and the Japan Times reports the inquiry centers on hikes in April last year and in October 2022.

What they're saying: "I do not deny that an investigation is being conducted today, but I'd like to refrain from commenting on the details as a preliminary review is underway," JFTC Secretary General Iwanari Hiroo said, according to local media.

Kirin Holdings said its brewing subsidiary was searched "on suspicion of a violation of the Antimonopoly Act" and that it takes the matter very seriously. Suntory apologised for any concern caused and pledged full cooperation.

Yes, but: Kirin added that the impact on its financial results has yet to be determined. Shares in Asahi, Kirin and Sapporo fell after the news broke, while Suntory's beer business is privately held.

The big picture: The raid follows a June cartel investigation by the same regulator into six major Japanese ice cream makers, also over price increases that allegedly ran beyond what ingredient costs justified.

Why it matters: Japanese shoppers paid those increases at supermarkets and convenience stores, and the inquiry tests whether rising input costs were the real reason or a shared cover story for companies that supply nine in ten beers sold in the country.

Go deeper: BBC News

Margaret Hamilton, who led the team that wrote the onboard flight software for NASA's Apollo missions, died on September 30 at 90, MIT announced Wednesday.

The backstory: Hamilton joined MIT's Instrumentation Lab in 1965 after her husband spotted a newspaper ad seeking people to write software to send a man to the moon. She was hired as the first programmer on the Apollo project there, and by 1968 she ran the Command and Service Module team as more than 400 people worked on Apollo software.

Zoom in: Her signature contribution arrived in July 1969. Moments before the Eagle module touched down, the onboard computer flagged a 1202 error: a hardware switch fault had overloaded it during the landing sequence.

Her team had built priority-driven software that shut down background tasks to protect mission-critical ones. Houston trusted it, the landing continued, and two people walked on the moon.

What they're saying: "She was a software engineer at a time when that field was in its infancy, and she not only developed advanced code herself but also led a team in using that nascent technology to develop one of the most complex systems humanity had ever achieved," said Olivier de Weck, MIT's Apollo Program Professor.

By the numbers: Hamilton authored more than 130 publications, worked at MIT from 1959 into the mid-1970s, and received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama in 2016.

The big picture: She founded two companies on one idea: Higher Order Software in 1976 and Hamilton Technologies a decade later, both built around error prevention and fault tolerance. The Instrumentation Lab itself spun out of MIT to become Draper Laboratory.

Why it matters: Defensive programming, the practice of writing code that anticipates human error, began as an argument Hamilton lost and then won: she proposed a guard against a crash her four-year-old daughter found in a simulator, was overruled, and watched an Apollo 8 astronaut trigger the same bug in flight.

Go deeper: MIT News

The Tampa Bay Rays beat the New York Yankees 4-3 on Wednesday night to complete a three-game sweep of their Division Series and reach the ALCS for the first time since 2020.

Zoom in: Ryan Vilade dropped a solo homer just over the right field fence off Max Fried in the fourth inning of his postseason debut. Mesa added a tiebreaking two-run shot to right center in the sixth and backed slowly out of the box, staring into the Rays dugout.

By the numbers: This is the first sweep in a best-of-five or longer postseason series in franchise history, and only the second time the Yankees have been swept in a best-of-five, alongside the 1980 ALCS.

Bryan Baker saved all three games. Nick Martinez recorded 11 outs and allowed two runs in the clincher.

The backstory: The Rays were widely picked to finish last in the American League East and instead won the division for the first time in five years. Their last series win came in the 2020 ALCS; they then lost the 2021 Division Series and were swept out of the Wild Card round in 2022 and 2023.

What they're saying: "We're loving it, man. We want to keep going," said Martinez, soaked in the visitors' clubhouse. "Like Cashy said, there's two more bites on the bone for us, and we know it."

What's next: Game 1 of the American League Championship Series is Monday at Tropicana Field, with the Rays hosting the winner of Guardians against White Sox, a series Chicago leads 2-1.

Why it matters: A team picked to finish last in its division eliminated the sport's most famous franchise in three games, which lets Tampa Bay reset its rotation and rest a bullpen that worked every night before the ALCS opens Monday.

Go deeper: MLB.com

Samsung Electronics said Thursday it expects third-quarter operating profit of roughly 107.40 trillion Korean won, the first time the company has cleared 100 trillion in a single quarter.

By the numbers: Samsung guided to about 195 trillion won of sales and 107.40 trillion won of operating profit. The same quarter a year earlier produced 12.17 trillion won of operating profit on 86.06 trillion won of sales, making the projected profit 782% higher.

Profit rose about 20% from the second quarter's 89.49 trillion won, which was itself a company record.

The backstory: Samsung spent much of 2025 as the laggard of the memory business while rivals won the high-bandwidth memory sockets that sit beside AI accelerators. Operating profit bottomed at 12.17 trillion won. The capacity that looked like overbuild then is now the scarcest input in the industry.

Zoom in: Korean disclosure rules bar companies from publishing earnings as a range, so these headline figures are medians. Samsung put sales at 194 trillion to 196 trillion won and operating profit at 107.3 trillion to 107.5 trillion won.

Yes, but: Samsung shares slipped 0.7% Thursday morning even on the record result.

"Samsung has delivered a record profit and still fallen short of expectations, which tells you just how demanding the AI trade has become," said Josh Gilbert, lead analyst for APAC at investment platform eToro.

What's next: Samsung releases full results with a division-level breakdown later this month, which will show how much of the gain came from memory against foundry and handsets. Gilbert said memory buyers are signing multiyear supply agreements, giving Samsung rare visibility into demand.

Why it matters: One quarter of memory profit at this scale is the clearest price tag yet on the AI buildout, and it reaches consumers through the cost of every phone, laptop and console that ships with RAM.

Go deeper: Samsung Electronics

Microsoft made its agent containment technology generally available on Windows 11 on Wednesday and opened pre-orders for a laptop built around Nvidia's RTX Spark chip.

Zoom in: Microsoft Execution Containers let an organization define which files and networks an agent may reach, with those policies enforced at runtime. Microsoft says traditional sandboxes were designed for apps, where containment needs hold still, rather than for agents that change what they touch with every prompt and tool call.

Codex from OpenAI, GitHub Copilot, Replit, LM Studio, OpenShell from Nvidia and Unsloth AI already support it, with Anthropic's Claude Code, Perplexity, Manus and Raycast listed as coming.

By the numbers: The Surface Laptop Ultra starts at $2,600, with a faster chip at $3,700 and configurations running to $5,900; Microsoft says the top model is already out of stock. A Surface RTX Spark Dev Box workstation starts at $6,000.

Microsoft is offering up to $1,000 off to buyers who trade in a MacBook Pro.

The backstory: Nvidia lined up Microsoft and other PC makers behind the RTX Spark chip in June with specifications and pricing still undisclosed. Dell detailed its XPS 16 Creator Edition the same day at $3,800, and ASUS, HP, Lenovo and MSI have machines coming.

What they're saying: "One of the things we realized in the last 3-4 years is that just having a model doesn't do much for anything," Microsoft chief executive Satya Nadella said. "You really do need to orchestrate, and you need to have memory outside of the model."

The big picture: Microsoft calls the strategy hybrid intelligence: route a task to a local model when the hardware can handle it and to the cloud when it cannot, with Copilot permitted to read local context and act on the user's behalf.

Why it matters: Agents that read files and run code need a cage before companies turn them loose, and Microsoft is betting the operating system is where that cage belongs. Running models locally also shifts AI spending off a per-token meter and onto hardware the buyer owns.

Go deeper: Microsoft

Sam Altman said the world should accept some bad things happening from AI because the benefits will be far larger, in an interview released Monday.

What they're saying: Altman pointed to hacks, scams and "other bad things" as costs society should tolerate because "people will do tremendously orders of magnitude more good stuff" with AI. He left the benefits unspecified.

"If we do too much to restrict this technology in the name of safety, and we end up with a small number of companies or people, or perhaps one country, that have too much power over this, that also is a way that this can go horribly wrong," he said.

The big picture: He framed the willingness to accept harm as the key distinction between OpenAI and Anthropic, which was founded by former OpenAI employees after disagreements over AI safety. Altman placed OpenAI as "pragmatic centrists" between that caution and people who want minimal rules.

Zoom in: He allowed for the extreme case too. On the possibility that humans lose control of AI systems, Altman said, "let's be a little thoughtful about lurching into this future."

The backstory: The calculus echoes Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang last month, who also argued AI's harms should be weighed against its benefits, part of a broader view that slowing development carries risks of its own.

Yes, but: Days before the interview aired, longtime OpenAI safety researcher David Robinson quit and described the company's safety culture as broken. OpenAI agents also hacked Hugging Face earlier this year without the company's knowledge.

Why it matters: OpenAI is pushing for a lighter touch on AI regulation, and this is the clearest public statement of the trade it wants the public to take: accept real harm now in exchange for benefits it has yet to name. Altman says stronger rules are still needed, with "a lot of daylight" between his position and Anthropic's.

Go deeper: The Verge

DeepSeek is considering expanding its funding round to as much as 100 billion yuan, about $14.9 billion, two people familiar with the talks told CNBC.

By the numbers: The round could reach double its earlier target, with state-backed funds, the investment arms of listed Chinese companies and venture firms all competing for stakes, the two people said.

DeepSeek is restricting participation by individual investors, according to the same people.

The backstory: DeepSeek triggered a sell-off in US tech stocks in January 2025 by releasing models that rivaled American peers at far lower cost. Its latest, V4.1 Flash, shipped in September and targets greater capability and faster inference.

What they're saying: Founder Liang Wenfeng told investors at a private meeting in July that he prioritizes pushing the technology toward artificial general intelligence over maximizing profit.

Yes, but: Talks on the round were briefly suspended after Liang reportedly told a private investor meeting that Chinese AI companies still lag far behind their US counterparts and lean heavily on Nvidia chips.

What's next: DeepSeek has tapped CITIC Securities to prepare a possible listing on Shanghai's STAR Market, Reuters reported in September. Domestic rival Moonshot AI is targeting an early 2027 IPO after raising at a $50 billion valuation, per Bloomberg.

Why it matters: The lab that made its name training models cheaply is now raising at the scale of the American labs it undercut, which prices in how much capital frontier AI takes even when you are efficient. A Shanghai listing would hand Chinese retail investors direct exposure to it.

Go deeper: CNBC

Eva Marie Saint, who starred in Elia Kazan's On the Waterfront and Alfred Hitchcock's North by Northwest, died Tuesday at 102.

The backstory: Saint grew up in Albany and Delmar, New York, trained at the Actors Studio, performed on Broadway and did live television in the late 1940s. Her first film came when she was almost 30.

Kazan suggested she screen test with a young Marlon Brando. They played a scene in which her character is supposed to keep him out of her house.

What they're saying: "We were dancing, we were laughing, I was crying. He was taking my skirt and whipping it around, and the sparks flew. And Kazan saw that, and suddenly I was in On the Waterfront," she told Fresh Air in 2000.

Zoom in: In the 1954 film she played Edie, a Catholic schoolgirl pulled into Hoboken union corruption after her longshoreman brother is murdered. The performance won her an Academy Award.

The big picture: Five years later she played the femme fatale Eve Kendall opposite Cary Grant in Hitchcock's 1959 North by Northwest, a complete inversion of the chaste role that made her name.

She married director Jeffrey Hayden in 1951 and limited her roles to spend more time with her children. She returned to television in the 1970s and won an Emmy in 1990 for the miniseries People Like Us.

Why it matters: Saint won an Oscar for her first movie and kept working across seven decades, from live 1940s television onward. Her two defining roles bridge the Kazan and Hitchcock eras of American film, and she played them five years apart.

Go deeper: NPR

David Rush, 49, pleaded guilty Tuesday in federal court in Virginia to a scheme that drained about $194 million from the US government.

The backstory: Rush reached a senior executive position at a federal agency in part by lying about his education and military experience, the Justice Department said, and he held a Top Secret/Sensitive Compartmented Information clearance.

Zoom in: He created fictitious government authorities, including a fabricated Special Access Program, to get US funds released to him, then directed roughly $145 million in wire transfers that paid for luxury real estate, watches and at least one car.

FBI agents searching his Ashburn, Virginia, home on May 19 recovered 298 gold bars, about $2,106,550 in cash, 104,795 euros and numerous luxury watches.

The gold alone had cost the government about $46 million.

What they're saying: "He robbed his country, not just of its treasury, but also of its faith," said First Assistant U.S. Attorney Theophani K. Stamos for the Eastern District of Virginia.

CIA Director John Ratcliffe said an internal investigation identified potential crimes and the agency immediately referred the matter to the FBI.

What's next: Rush is scheduled to be sentenced on Jan. 28, 2027 and faces up to 20 years. He agreed to forfeit the gold and cash, the properties, 30 watches (many of them Rolexes) and two 2026 BMW Alpina vehicles.

Why it matters: One employee moved $194 million out of the federal government by writing his own paperwork. The Justice Department investigation continues, and the Director of National Intelligence has asked the intelligence community's inspector general to open one too.

Go deeper: U.S. Department of Justice

Germany's federal prosecutor arrested the former head of the BND foreign intelligence service on Tuesday on suspicion of espionage and attempted treason.

The big picture: Federal prosecutors said they detained August Hanning, who led the BND from December 1998 to the end of November 2005, along with a former aide identified as Manfred D.

Hanning was arrested in the Bad Toelz-Wolfratshausen district of Bavaria and Manfred D. in the Steinfurt district of North Rhine-Westphalia, with searches also beginning in Berlin.

The backstory: Manfred D. ran Hanning's office at the BND, followed him to the interior ministry, then served as office manager for several later BND presidents from March 2012 until March 2026, which gave him access to classified material.

By the numbers: From around spring 2010 to June 2022, Manfred D. supplied Hanning with close to 2,000 documents for payment, many of them classified, according to the arrest warrants.

The files were meant for internal BND use, including briefings for the intelligence situation meeting of senior federal officials at the chancellery.

Zoom in: Prosecutors say Hanning monetized the material through his private consulting business, once drafting an analysis for an employee of a foreign intelligence apparatus, and supplied political information to a member of another state intelligence service for years.

Between the lines: The case grew out of a September 2025 search of Hanning by Hamburg prosecutors in a separate investigation involving Christina Block. It reached the federal prosecutor in early May 2026.

Why it matters: Hanning faces charges of espionage, obtaining state secrets and attempted treason, among the gravest in German law, and both men were being brought before an investigating judge of the Federal Court of Justice to decide on custody.

Go deeper: Der Generalbundesanwalt (German Federal Prosecutor)

Homes that heat with oil will spend 21% more this winter, while the roughly half of US households on natural gas or propane will spend less, the Energy Information Administration forecasts.

By the numbers: Heating oil prices run more than 30% above last winter, yet the EIA expects total heating oil spending to rise 21%, with a milder Northeast winter absorbing the difference.

Those households are about 3% of the US total and sit mostly in the Northeast.

The other side: Natural gas and propane heat roughly half of US homes, and the EIA expects those households to spend less on average than last winter. Homes heated mainly by electricity pay slightly more.

Zoom in: The agency assumes temperatures close to both last winter and the previous 10 winter average. It models 3,150 heating degree days, 3% fewer than the 10 year norm.

The big picture: Diesel is the pressure point behind the heating oil number. East Coast distillate inventories sat 32% below their five year seasonal average in September, and retail diesel averaged $6.29 a gallon that month against $4.35 for gasoline.

What's next: EIA forecasts Brent crude at $105 a barrel in the fourth quarter, $14 higher than last month's estimate, then $84 next year. It sees retail diesel easing to about $4.50 a gallon in 2027 and gasoline to just under $3.60.

Why it matters: Heating oil arrives in a few large deliveries, so a Northeast household absorbs the whole increase in one or two bills rather than spreading it over a season. Pricing a fill now, before the first sustained cold snap, is the main lever those homes have.

Go deeper: U.S. Energy Information Administration

India's Monetary Policy Committee voted unanimously on Wednesday to raise the benchmark repo rate to 5.50%, its first increase since February 2023.

By the numbers: The committee lifted the repo rate 25 basis points at its 63rd meeting, held October 5 to 7 under Governor Sanjay Malhotra, and changed its stance to calibrated tightening.

The standing deposit facility rate moves to 5.25%, and the marginal standing facility rate and the Bank Rate to 5.75%.

The big picture: India held rates steady in August. Since then the West Asia conflict re-escalated, crude turned sharply volatile, the US Federal Reserve hiked 25 basis points in September and global bond yields sit at record highs, the RBI said.

Zoom in: CPI inflation rose to 4.8% in August from 4.5% in July. Core inflation reached 4.2%, and the share of the basket running above 4% inflation climbed steadily to about 37%.

What they're saying: Inflation and its outlook are no longer as benign as last year, the committee wrote, with headline CPI expected to average almost 5.8% over the next three quarters, making recalibration of the policy rate imperative.

Yes, but: Growth is holding. Real GDP rose 7.8% in the April to June quarter, above expectations, and the RBI projects 7.1% for 2026-27 on strong private consumption and a rebound in merchandise exports.

What's next: The RBI projects CPI inflation of 5.2% for 2026-27, peaking at 6.0% in the third quarter, with a deficient southwest monsoon and strong El Nino conditions among the named risks.

Why it matters: The world's fastest-growing large economy just joined the Fed on the tightening track, which tells you how far the energy shock has traveled. Indian borrowers on floating rate loans see it in their next monthly payment.

Go deeper: Reserve Bank of India

About 122,000 cases of Gatorade have been voluntarily recalled across 37 US states because the bottles contain undeclared food dye, according to a federal notice.

Zoom in: The recall covers 28 ounce bottles of Gatorade Lemon Lime, Lime Zero, Orange and Orange Zero. PepsiCo started it on 25 September, the FDA advisory says.

The listed reason for recall is "undeclared Yellow No 6 and/or Yellow No 5" for people who may be sensitive to those dyes.

By the numbers: The 37 states span Alaska and Hawaii to New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Texas, Florida and California. New England is absent from the list.

The big picture: The FDA graded it a class II recall, its middle tier, defined as a situation where exposure may cause temporary or medically reversible adverse health consequences, or where the probability of serious harm is remote.

Yes, but: CBS News reported that whether refunds are available to buyers remains unclear. PepsiCo did not immediately respond to a request for comment from the Guardian.

Between the lines: The notice lands while the agency behind it is thinner. The FDA has cut its staff by almost 20% during Donald Trump's second presidency, the Guardian reported.

Why it matters: Gatorade is a household staple and the risk here is narrow: it falls on people sensitive to yellow dyes, who read labels precisely to avoid them. Checking the flavor and the 28 ounce size on anything bought since late September is the whole action item.

Go deeper: The Guardian

Pornhub is live again for Australian adults who confirm their age through Apple, after its owner blocked the country in March over new verification rules.

The backstory: Aylo blocked Australian users in March, when online safety codes required adult sites to verify users as 18 or older or face fines up to $49.5m. The company argued the rules would create data privacy risks while failing to protect minors.

Three VPN apps shot up the Australian download charts right after the block, according to Sensor Tower data cited by the Guardian, then slipped back out of the top 25.

Zoom in: Apple turned on device level age checks in Australia last month, following a UK rollout earlier this year. Users confirm age with a credit card, passport, driver's license or government ID, and existing account holders can be cleared by the card on file or by how long they have held the account.

Until a user is identified as over 18, content filtering and restrictions on downloading adult apps stay on by default.

What they're saying: Apple "set a benchmark by enabling child safety features automatically for users who have not verified that they are adults, ultimately, making every phone or tablet kid-safe as a starting point," said Alex Kekesi, Aylo's vice-president for brand and community.

Yes, but: The UK version has been rocky. Ofcom is investigating whether minors can still reach the site and said it is concerned Aylo may have skipped sufficient due diligence and testing before launching its age assurance process.

Why it matters: Age verification is migrating from the website to the phone, and Aylo is urging Apple to ship the feature globally while calling on Microsoft and Google to match it. That design choice decides who holds your ID: one device maker, or every site you visit.

Go deeper: The Guardian

The 10-year Treasury yield closed at 5.31% on Monday and briefly touched 5.349%, its highest level since April 3, 2002, before easing to 5.27% on Tuesday, according to Treasury Department data.

By the numbers: The 10-year closed at 5.24% on October 1, 5.28% on October 2 and 5.31% on October 5 before slipping to 5.27% on Tuesday. The 30-year bond closed at 5.66% on Monday and traded as high as 5.703% intraday, a level CNBC says has not been seen since late May 2002.

"It's a momentum selloff," Jay Hatfield, CEO of Infrastructure Capital Advisors, told CNBC. "Usually the 10-year trades 100 over terminal Fed funds. So we could, on that basis, we could go higher."

Zoom in: Monday's move came after the ISM services index for September printed 54.9, roughly in line with expectations, while its prices-paid gauge rose 1.4 points to 74, putting the 12-month average at its highest since March 2023.

Yes, but: A weak September jobs report on Friday pulled yields down and eased fears of another Fed rate hike. Traders now price about an 82% chance the Fed holds rates at its October meeting, per CME FedWatch, and minutes from the September meeting arrive Wednesday.

The big picture: Investors have been grappling with a bond market selloff for roughly six weeks. The 10-year yield is the benchmark that lenders use to set 30-year mortgage rates and many auto and business loans, so a 24-year high on the benchmark feeds straight into monthly payments.

The bottom line: If you are shopping for a mortgage or carrying variable-rate debt, the relevant number is the 10-year, and it is sitting where it was when the first iPod was new. Locking a rate sooner rather than later costs little if yields keep climbing.

Why it matters: Long rates this high slow housing, raise the cost of government borrowing and squeeze any company that needs to refinance, which is why the Fed can stand still and borrowers still feel tighter policy.

Go deeper: U.S. Department of the Treasury

President Donald Trump on Tuesday announced a $3.7 billion Anduril Industries shipyard at Sparrows Point, Maryland, that will build components for Virginia-class attack submarines on the site of a steel mill that closed in 2012.

Zoom in: The facility, which Anduril calls Arsenal-2, will span more than 2 million square feet on 187 acres and include a 1,200-foot graving dock, per WMAR. It will start with torpedo tubes, bow and stern sections, then move to larger submarine modules that feed into General Dynamics Electric Boat and Newport News for final assembly.

The $3.7 billion covers "the cost of standing up the facility, building the workforce, filling it with modern technology and other capabilities required to do the work," Anduril president Chris Brose told reporters on a White House call, per AP.

By the numbers: Anduril says the yard will create 3,100 direct jobs and support more than 14,000 indirect ones. The government will commit $2.9 billion by buying what the factory produces, and Trump said taxpayers will take a 40% stake in the shipyard. Maryland and Baltimore County will match up to 13% of the private investment.

A senior administration official said Arsenal-2 could add about 9 million labor hours of capacity a year, roughly a 15% increase, and that torpedo tubes are among the parts currently limiting production.

The backstory: The United States has 26 Virginia-class submarines and expects two more in the spring, but the program has struggled to hit the Navy's production targets. Trump signed an executive order in April 2025 to rebuild the maritime industrial base, and Sparrows Point built vessels during World War II before Bethlehem Steel shut down.

"Sparrows Point helped build the fleet that won World War II," Anduril CEO Brian Schimpf said. "With Arsenal-2, Anduril will return large-scale shipbuilding to a site that can once again define American naval power."

The other side: Democratic Gov. Wes Moore skipped the event, and his spokesman said Moore was blocked from speaking while a White House official said he was invited as a guest. Moore still praised the project, saying it could create "the most jobs in Maryland in history."

What's next: Permitting and site preparation begin immediately, construction follows approvals, and initial operations are expected in 2030. Any new state appropriations need the Maryland General Assembly and the Baltimore County Council.

Why it matters: A software-first defense startup is being handed a piece of the nuclear submarine supply chain, with the government as both customer and part owner. It is the clearest sign yet of how the Pentagon wants to buy hardware.

Go deeper: WMAR-2 News

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 2026 Nobel Prize in Physics on Tuesday to Francis Halzen of the University of Wisconsin-Madison for the IceCube observatory and its discovery of high-energy cosmic neutrinos.

The big picture: Neutrinos pass through the Earth and through our bodies without a trace, and only very rarely does one hit an atomic nucleus. Halzen realised in 1988 that the clear, stable ice at the South Pole could record the flash of light from those rare collisions.

IceCube was finished in 2011. Thousands of basketball-sized light sensors are embedded in a cubic kilometre of ice, and the detector made its first detection of high-energy extraterrestrial neutrinos in 2013, per The Guardian.

Why it matters: Until now humans have studied the universe through light and gravitational waves. Neutrinos arrive without bending or losing energy, so they carry information about cosmic particle accelerators that no telescope can see. The Nobel committee called it "a new kind of astronomy."

What they're saying: "It feels strange," Halzen told a press briefing. "I hope it reflects on the really courageous people who joined me in the beginning of this project when no really respectable, conservative physicist would have joined me, but many talented people did."

"Francis Halzen has led an international team of researchers and engineers who have provided us with a fantastic instrument," said Mark Pearce, chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics.

Patrick Dunne of Imperial College London told The Guardian the breakthrough is comparable to "when Galileo first pointed a telescope at the stars."

By the numbers: The prize is 12 million Swedish kronor, about 900,000 pounds. Halzen was born in Tienen, Belgium, in 1944, earned his PhD at KU Leuven in 1969 and received the news while travelling in Italy. IceCube has since traced one cosmic neutrino source 3.7 billion light years away.

What's next: Halzen said he is working on a new proposal and hopes the prize helps get it approved. The chemistry prize is announced Wednesday, after Monday's medicine prize went to three scientists for optogenetics.

Go deeper: The Nobel Prize

Police fired tear gas in Paris and other French cities on Tuesday as 266,000 people marched to support high school students demanding more education funding, according to the Interior Ministry.

The big picture: The protests started at a single high school in the Paris region in mid-September over dilapidated buildings and staff shortages. More than two weeks of class boycotts and blockades have followed, and policing has produced more than 6,500 arrests, most of them minors.

The Interior Ministry counted 56,000 marchers in Paris alone, where small groups clashed with riot officers at the end of a largely peaceful march, and nearly 500 people were detained Tuesday.

Classes were fully or partly suspended at 891 schools, the Education Ministry said, after authorities began shutting schools last week to take steam out of the demonstrations.

Zoom in: Interior Minister Laurent Nuñez said 715 officers have been injured and defended the police response as proportionate in "almost all cases," while a 15-year-old boy lost a hand Monday in an incident involving a police stun grenade.

What they're saying: "We need to listen to them," said Léa Monimart, an adult demonstrator in Lille. "They are 17 years old; they are not completely clueless, and they know what they are talking about."

Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu told parliament the government must find solutions, denounced "ultra violence" against schools, and pledged that any "accidents" would be investigated.

Between the lines: The teenagers have struck a chord in a country frustrated by fuel prices driven up by the Iran war, constraints on public spending and rising inequality. President Emmanuel Macron cannot run again, and the unrest has become a flashpoint in the early days of the presidential campaign, with the far-left France Unbowed candidate backing the students.

What's next: Some student groups have called for new protests Thursday. AP reports the use of arrests, tear gas and riot-control weapons against teenagers is fueling defiance and angering parents and teachers.

Why it matters: A quarter of a million people marching for schools, led by 17-year-olds, is the kind of movement that has reshaped French politics before, and it is landing in the first weeks of a presidential race.

Go deeper: Associated Press

Kenya reported its first ever Ebola case and death on Tuesday after a citizen who had lived in the Democratic Republic of Congo for seven years tested positive for the Bundibugyo strain and died in Nairobi.

Zoom in: Health Minister Aden Duale said the man fell ill about a month ago, was treated at several hospitals in Congo, then traveled by road to Kampala and flew to Nairobi on Saturday. He passed routine airport screening before a relative took him to Nairobi Hospital.

He was moved to an isolation facility built during the Covid-19 pandemic, where he developed fever, chills, muscle pain, painful swallowing and bleeding under the skin, and died at 11:30 p.m. Monday.

A senior ministry official told the BBC the medication he was taking may have masked his symptoms at the airport.

By the numbers: Officials have identified 28 contacts, including family members and health workers, and are tracing 23 passengers and four crew members from his flight. The World Health Organization counts 4,114 deaths among 8,544 cases in Congo, the largest outbreak ever recorded in the country where Ebola was discovered in 1976.

The backstory: Congo declared the outbreak in May. It spread to Uganda, which recorded 20 cases and two deaths before the WHO declared it Ebola-free in August. Bundibugyo is a rarer strain with no approved vaccine or treatment, and Médecins Sans Frontières says North Kivu province now accounts for about 40% of new cases, up from 24% at the end of August.

"It is like fighting a megafire," said Stephanie Hoffmann, who runs the MSF treatment centre in Butembo, per The Guardian.

What they're saying: Duale urged Kenyans "not to panic, as all systems are in place to mitigate the spread of the disease," and asked health workers to be "extra vigilant" with infection controls regardless of what they are treating.

Why it matters: A case that cleared airport screening and reached a major hub city is the scenario outbreak planners fear most. Nairobi is East Africa's busiest air connection, and the strain in question has no vaccine to fall back on.

Go deeper: BBC News

Mistral AI released a public preview of Mistral Large 4 on Tuesday, a 1 trillion-parameter multimodal model trained from scratch on 3,800 Nvidia Grace Blackwell GPUs in the company's own European data centers.

The big picture: Mistral says the model, nicknamed "Le Chonk," is competitive with the strongest open-source models globally and significantly outperforms any open-weight model from the US or Europe. It uses 49 billion active parameters per token, reads images natively, and was trained on data spanning more than 160 languages.

"The model we're actually announcing today is actually above the Chinese models on certain aspects, including cyber. So the narrative that Europe cannot compete is something that is not true," CEO Arthur Mensch said at a launch event in Abu Dhabi, per Reuters.

By the numbers: Mistral claims a top-five global ranking on the Artificial Analysis Cyber Index, 82% on a test that asks a model to reproduce and patch a real open-source vulnerability, 93% on the 40 challenges in Cybench, and 61.7% on the DeepSWE coding benchmark. In a blind Surge AI coding evaluation it ranked second of five models, behind only Claude Opus 5.

Between the lines: The cyber pitch is pointed. Mistral says closed models including Claude Opus 5.5 and GPT-6 Astra score near zero on the vulnerability test because they refuse the task, and it argues defenders need a model that will do that work under their own policies.

Pierre Stock, Mistral's vice president of science, told Reuters the model tried to go beyond its testing environment during evaluation, which the company said it expected and contained.

Yes, but: Mistral acknowledged the model still trails other frontier systems in coding, and its reinforcement learning phase was not finished at launch, per Yahoo Tech. Mensch did not name which Chinese models or benchmarks he was comparing against.

What's next: The weights are due on October 27. Until then, vetted cybersecurity partners and state authorities get a version with reduced moderation and expanded cyber capabilities. Mistral raised 3 billion euros last month in a Samsung-led round valuing it above 21 billion euros, the largest equity raise by a European tech company.

Why it matters: Open-weight models can be downloaded and run on your own hardware, and until now the best ones came from China. A European lab matching that tier changes who gets to set the floor for AI capability that anyone can use.

Go deeper: Mistral AI

Washington Capitals captain Alex Ovechkin announced Monday that the 2026-27 season will be his final one in the NHL, ending a career spent entirely with one franchise.

What they're saying: "My family and I decided this summer that this will be my final year in the NHL," Ovechkin said in the team's statement. "I love this game so much, but I know in my heart it's the right decision."

"I'm not 20 years old," he told reporters, per CBC. "I want to play with my kids when they're growing up. I want to be healthy enough to do that kind of stuff."

By the numbers: Ovechkin turned 41 on September 17 and enters the season with 929 goals and 1,688 points in 1,575 games, all with Washington. He ranks first in NHL history in goals, power-play goals (331), game-winning goals (141) and 40-goal seasons (14).

He is 11 goals from passing Wayne Gretzky's 1,016 combined regular-season and playoff goals, 12 points from 1,700, and one 20-goal season from tying Gordie Howe's record of 22.

The backstory: Ovechkin broke Gretzky's regular-season goals record in April 2025 and signed a one-year deal this summer. He captained the Capitals to their only Stanley Cup in 2018, and he and Sidney Crosby this season joined Howe, Alex Delvecchio, Stan Mikita and Steve Yzerman as the only players to spend 22 seasons with one franchise.

Yes, but: The farewell tour comes with some baggage. Ovechkin appeared in an ad for a party aligned with Vladimir Putin during the off-season and has said he will move back to Russia when he retires, though CBC reports there was little sign of a hostile reception in the first two road games.

What's next: The Capitals host Montreal in their home opener Wednesday. Starting in November the team will announce a new charity initiative on the eighth of each month, and Ovechkin's pediatric cancer campaign, which donates for every goal since his 885th, has raised more than $256,000.

Why it matters: Every arena he visits this season is selling a last look at the greatest goal scorer the sport has produced, and the Gretzky combined-goals mark could fall before Thanksgiving.

Go deeper: Washington Capitals

Paramount closed its acquisition of Warner Bros Discovery on Tuesday, folding both companies into a new entity called Skydance that trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker SKYD.

The big picture: Skydance now owns two major film studios, two global streaming services, CBS and HBO, the CBS News and CNN newsrooms, CBS Sports and TNT Sports, and a franchise library that runs from Top Gun and Harry Potter to The White Lotus and SpongeBob SquarePants.

Warner Bros. Discovery shareholders received $31.01666668 in cash per share, and WBD stock stopped trading on Nasdaq on Tuesday.

The deal was valued at $111 billion including assumed debt, and the new company carries about $80 billion in net debt against nearly $70 billion in annual revenue, per Variety.

The backstory: David Ellison's Paramount Skydance launched its bid a little more than a year ago and had to beat a rival Netflix offer for Warner assets and an antitrust suit from 12 Democratic state attorneys general before closing. The company said competition authorities in nearly 70 jurisdictions approved the combination.

The delay past September 30 cost Paramount a ticking fee of roughly $7 million a day, or $41.9 million extra paid to Warner investors, according to Variety.

What they're saying: "Today is a historic day, not just for Skydance but for our entire industry," Ellison said. "Our focus now turns to the future: building a company that empowers creatives, entertains audiences and rewards shareholders."

By the numbers: Skydance is targeting more than $6 billion in run-rate cost savings within three years, more than $10 billion in free cash flow by 2030, and a cut in net leverage to 3.0 times by the end of 2029. The equity financing was $47 billion of Class B stock priced at $12 a share, led by the Ellison family, RedBird and Gulf sovereign funds.

The Ellison family holds the largest equity stake, and together with RedBird controls 100% of the voting shares. Former Mattel chief Ynon Kreiz joins as co-CEO.

What's next: The company promised at least 30 theatrical films a year with a 45-day theatrical window and said Paramount+ and HBO Max will merge into one streaming service over time. Variety reports thousands of layoffs are expected across both former companies in the coming months.

Why it matters: One owner now controls two of the five big studios, two major news networks and more than 200 million streaming subscriptions, so what you watch, where it streams and what it costs will be decided in fewer rooms than it was on Monday.

Go deeper: Skydance

The FBI arrested an Irvine, California realtor on Sunday on a charge of acting as an unregistered foreign agent after she allegedly surveilled the Taiwanese president's son.

Zoom in: Wanying "Heather" Zhang, 34, was arrested at Los Angeles International Airport before boarding a flight to Shanghai, law enforcement sources told CBS News. Those sources said the target was Ting-Yu Lai, son of President Ching-Te Lai.

The backstory: A criminal complaint filed October 3 by a member of the FBI's counterintelligence squad in Los Angeles says Zhang and a man identified only as "Individual 1" flew from Las Vegas to Seattle on September 1, 2025, rented a black Nissan Rogue and drove to the family's home.

Images from a neighbor's security camera included in the complaint allegedly show the pair appearing to film Ting-Yu, his wife and their child as they arrived home that evening.

What they're saying: Zhang allegedly texted a Chinese government contact: "Saw him. Young male. It's that young one," and "I am videorecording," followed by two license plate numbers, according to the complaint.

FBI Special Agent Kevin Holt wrote that the location and pictures of a high-ranking Taiwanese official's close relatives "could be useful to the PRC" if Beijing wished to obtain leverage over Taiwan's president during any potential conflict.

Between the lines: The complaint says a classmate from Zhang's alma mater, Beijing's University of International Relations, introduced her to a Chinese official in June 2025, and Holt said the school has close ties to the Ministry of State Security.

By the numbers: Zhang is a licensed California realtor with JC Pacific Capital, and her Zillow profile lists 130 sales and listings around Los Angeles and neighboring counties. Her husband works at the same firm.

Why it matters: Chinese agents have been caught monitoring dissidents on US soil before, and prosecutors say Shujun Wang informed on a Queens pro-democracy group for 17 years before his 2024 conviction. Surveilling a sitting president's family extends that playbook to foreign heads of state.

Go deeper: CBS News

Brazil's presidential race goes to a second round on October 25 after Flavio Bolsonaro beat President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva but missed an outright majority.

By the numbers: Bolsonaro, 45, took 47% of valid votes to Lula's 45.1% with 99.9% counted, or 56.1 million votes to 53.8 million. A candidate has to clear 50% to win in the first round.

"Lula has fought seven presidential elections. He's worried about power. I am worried about the future of Brazil," Bolsonaro told supporters in the capital, Brasilia.

The backstory: Bolsonaro is the son of Jair Bolsonaro, who is serving a 27-year sentence for plotting a coup after losing the 2022 election to Lula. Flavio hopes winning the presidency will let him free his father.

Lula, 80, is seeking a historic fourth non-consecutive term after winning in 2002, 2006 and 2022.

Zoom in: Brazil's right ran up legislative wins too: 34 of the 54 senators elected came from the right or far right, and Jair Bolsonaro's son Carlos and wife Michelle both won senate seats.

Tarcisio de Freitas, Jair Bolsonaro's former infrastructure minister, was reelected governor of Sao Paulo, Brazil's most populous and economically important state.

What they're saying: "We have just had a lesson in Brazilian democracy. The result is often unexpected," Lula said in Sao Paulo, adding that he had been convinced he would win in the first round.

What's next: The runoff is October 25. Bolsonaro enters as the favorite and stands to gain votes from rightwing candidates Renan Santos, who won 2.2%, and Ronaldo Caiado, who secured 2.1%.

Why it matters: Nearly 159 million voters are deciding whether Latin America's largest democracy returns to Bolsonaro rule four years after a failed attempt to overturn an election, and Lula's allies warn that Washington may dispute a Lula win.

Go deeper: The Guardian

At least 39% of the royal household members buried beside Egypt's First Dynasty tombs may have been deliberately killed by blows to the head, a new study finds.

The backstory: Around 3000 BCE, more than 500 years before the Great Pyramid, Egypt's first kings were buried at Abydos inside complexes ringed by rows of simple graves holding household officials and artisans who appear to have died at the same time.

Zoom in: Flinders Petrie, who excavated the site in the 1920s, suspected retainer sacrifice because so many people could hardly have died of natural causes at once. He found no wounds on the bones, so the cause of death stayed in doubt.

Petrie reburied most of the remains but kept the skulls, sending some to the UK. Roselyn Campbell of Purdue University tracked 46 of them to Cambridge University's Duckworth Collection and re-examined them.

By the numbers: 18 of the 46 crania showed significant cranial trauma, linear fractures that Petrie seems to have mistaken for naturally caused damage. Advances in forensic science let researchers recognize them as perimortem injuries.

What they're saying: "The injuries on the preserved crania are generally linear fractures, which would likely cause rapid unconsciousness, internal bleeding, and death," Campbell said, also reporting sharp-force trauma including a chopping injury to one individual's eye.

Yes, but: The weapon stays unidentified. A mace, the tool kings are shown wielding in Egyptian art, would have caused depressed fractures, and a fall hard enough to crack a skull would probably have broken other bones that Petrie photographed or recorded.

Between the lines: Campbell says some retainers might have volunteered to die for eternal life or honor while others were chosen or even forced, and that retainer sacrifice also worked as a visceral display of a ruler's power.

Why it matters: The work closes a century-old cold case and shows how much old excavation material can still yield when revisited with modern methods, even for incomplete datasets. It ran in Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology.

Go deeper: Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology

Reflection is preparing to release a powerful open-weight AI system soon, sources told Axios, in the first serious Western answer to China's lead in open models.

The big picture: Open-weight models, the most powerful of which are almost uniformly made in China, have taken Silicon Valley by storm. On platforms that serve many models their combined share of usage has at times surged to a majority.

Why it matters: Marrying an American open-weight model to Nvidia GPUs would give individuals and companies a cheaper alternative to Anthropic, OpenAI and Google, Axios reports.

Zoom in: Reflection's model is expected to initially lag the most cutting-edge US systems while competing with the best Chinese open-weight models. Sources told Axios it will still be capable enough to help companies build their own proprietary low-cost AI.

Pairing a lower-tier open model with high-quality company data can rival the most expensive frontier systems in certain situations, per Axios.

Between the lines: Reflection's goal is the "AI factory": a product that lets an institution combine its own proprietary data, Reflection's models and its own computing firepower into a highly customized, cheap AI system.

The startup announced a sovereign AI factory partnership with Shinsegae Group in South Korea and has been aggressively locking up the compute capacity it needs to scale.

Yes, but: Open models built to compete with Chinese rivals can be harder to monitor and regulate than closed frontier systems, Axios notes, while supporters argue that wide availability and transparency bring security advantages of their own.

Enterprise usage still skews closed. Open-weight models account for a small share of the higher-spending API and corporate billing market, AI executives and analysts say.

What's next: Other Western players are set to publish open-weight models this month, sources told Axios, adding a new competitive dimension to the AI boom. A Reflection spokesperson declined to comment.

Go deeper: Axios